The gazetteer of Scotland

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THE

GAZETTEER OF

SCOTLAND

BY

Rev. John Wilson

A * * *

EDINBURGH

W. & A. K. JOHNSTON

1882

DR

PREFACE.

The Publishers have been induced to produce the present Work, from
the conviction that it would supply a long -felt want : namely, a
Gazetteer of Scotland, extensive enough to embrace every Town and
Village in the Country, of any importance, as existing at the present
day, and yet portable in form and moderate in price.

To add to the value of the Work, the Census of 1881 was ex-
tracted from the Official Returns expressly for it, as the lists to be
published would ' not be available for the earlier portion of the Work,
already in the hands of the printer.

Besides the usual information, as to Towns and Places contained
in Gazetteers, it gives the Statistics of Real Property, Notices of Public
Works, Public Buildings, Churches, Schools, etc. ; whilst the Natural
History and Historical Incidents, connected with particular localities,
have not been omitted.

From the great experience of the Author, who has already com-
piled several extensive Gazetteers and Topographical works, the Pub-
lishers trust that this Work will meet the approbation of the numerous
class to which it is addressed.

November, 1882.

THE

GAZETTEER OF SCOTLAND.

AAN

AAN, affluent of the Feugh, in Strachan
parish, Kincardineshire.

ABBETHUNE, seat in St. Vigeans parish,
Forfarshire.

ABBEY.parish, containing parts of Paisley
and Barrhead, all Johnstone, and several
villages in Renfrewshire. Its length is
nearly 9 miles, its greatest breadth about
5£ miles, its area 15,924 acres. Real pro-
perty of landward part in 1880-81, £79,886.
Pop., quoad civilia, 34,393; quoad sacra,
13,637. The surface is partly flat, partly
a variety of valley, undulation, and low
hill-ridge, and partly the Gleniffer portion
of the Fereneze Hills. Coal, ironstone,
limestone, and aluminous slate abound, and
are largely worked. Factories and other
industrial establishments are numerous.
There are many fine modern residences,
several old mansions, and the ruined castles
of Crookston and Stanley. The parochial
church is part of the Abbey, to be noticed
in our account of Paisley ; and other
churches are in Paisley, Barrhead, John-
stone, and Elderslie. 10 schools, for
2338 scholars, are in the parts outside of
Paisley burgh, and 2 of them and en-
largements for 1098 are new.

ABBEY, quoad sacra parish in the north-
eastern outskirts of Edinburgh. Pop. 2821.
The church was built in 1876, at a cost
of about £8000, and contains about 855
sittings.

ABBEY, quoad sacra parish, containing
Arbroath Abbey and part of Arbroath
town, Forfarshire. Pop. 5119. The church
contains 1281 sittings.

ABBEY, hamlet on the Tyne, 1 mile east
of Haddington. A Cistercian convent was
founded here in 1178, but is now extinct ;
and a Parliament sat here in 1548.

ABBEY, village on the Forth, adjacent
to Cambuskenneth Abbey, 1 mile east of
Stirling.

ABBEY, burn running past Dundrennan
Abbeyto Burnfoot harbour, Kirkcudbright-
shire.

ABBEY-CRAIG, precipitous hill, 362 feet
high, 1} miles east-north-east of Stirling.

ABB

It forms a striking feature and a com-
manding view-point in a magnificent
landscape. It was held by the army of
Sir William "Wallace on the eve of the
battle of Stirling ; and it is surmounted by
Wallace's Monument, 220 feet high, erected
in 1861-69 at a cost of fully £16,000.

ABBEY-GREEN, town, better known as
Lesmahagow, Lanarkshire. See Lesma-

HAGOW.

ABBEY-HEAD, small headland near
mouth of Abbey-burn, Kirkcudbrightshire.

ABBEYHILL, suburb north-eastward
from foot of Canongate, Edinburgh. It was
once aristocratic, is now chiefly modern
and squalid ; includes a railway viaduct
and a railway station, and contains a public
school, built in 1880-81 at a cost of £9704,
with accommodation for 824 scholars.

ABBEY ST. BATHANS, parish, with
hamlet on Whitadder water, 4 miles west-
south-west of Grant's House railway
station, Berwickshire. Post town, Grant's
House. Acres, 4797. Real property in
1880-81, £2630. Pop. 250. The higher
land rises to heights of from 300 to 400
feet above the level of the plains, and the
entire surface consists of haughs, slopes,
and tabular hills. A priory was founded
here by a daughter of William the Lion,
and became rich, but has entirely dis-
appeared. The church adjoins the priory's
site, and is part of an ancient structure.
The public school has about 80 scholars.

ABBOTSFORD, mansion erected by Sir
Walter Scott, adjacent to the Tweed, 2
miles west of Melrose, Roxburghshire. It
cost upwards of £20,000, exhibits multi-
plicity of features in many architectural
styles, includes parts and objects taken
from many famous ancient edifices, has
been aptly described as 'a romance in stone
and lime,' contains numerous interesting
souvenirs of Sir Walter, and is engirt
by an estate which he transmuted from
moorishness to much beauty.

ABBOTSFORD, quoad sacra parish in
south side of Glasgow. It was constituted
in 1877. Pop. 8891.

A

ABB

ABBOTSFORD FERRY, station on Sel-
kirk Railway, opposite Abbotsf ord, 2| miles
south of Galashiels.

ABBOTSHALL, parish, containing Link- !
town suburb of Kirkcaldy, Fife. Acres,
4135. Real property in 1880-81, £10,341.
Pop., quoad civilia, 6435; quoad sacra, 5316.
The land for about \ mile from the shore
is flat, and extends thence about 2\ miles
in pleasant swells and diversities. Raith
House, lake, and grounds are delightful
features; and Balwearie Tower is
an interesting antiquity. The parochial
church, a Free church, and a United
Presbyterian church are in Linktown ;
and the public schools are under Kirk-
caldy board.

ABBOTSHAUGH, extinct ancient abbey
in Falkirk parish, Stirlingshire.

ABBOT'S ISLE, verdant islet in Stone-
field Bay, Loch Etive, Argyleshire.

ABBOTSRULE, old parish divided be-
tween Southdean and Hobkirk, Roxburgh-
shire.

ABB'S-HEAD (ST.), bold promontory 4
miles north-west of Eyemouth, Berwick-
shire. It consists of trap rock with mural
front, but adjoins contorted cavernous
stratified rocks. It had anciently a nun-
nery, said to have been founded by a
Northumbrian princess ; and it has now
a lighthouse, erected in 1861, with flash-
ing light visible at the distance of 20
nautical miles.

ABDEN, seat, near Kinghorn, Fife.

ABDIE, parish, containing Mount
Pleasant suburb of Newburgh, Fife.
Acres, 6371. Real property in 1880-81,
£10,439. Pop., quoad civilia, 983;
quoad sacra, 862. The land includes
a rich alluvial tract on the Tay, but is
mostly a fine diversity of hill and dale.
Chief features are Clatchard Crag,
Norman's Law, Inchrye House, Lindores
House, loch, and village, and vestiges of
a castle said to have belonged to Macduff.
The church contains about 500 sittings,
and the public school has places for 159
scholars.

ABERARDER, glen, with vista view to
Benaven, off left side of the Dee, between
Balmoral and Castleton, Aberdeenshire.

ABERARDER, place in Daviot parish,
Inverness-shire. It has a post office under
Inverness.

ABERARGIE, village, If miles west of
Abernethy, Perthshire. It has a post
office under Bridge of Earn.

ABERCAIRNEY, railway station, and
seat, 3| miles east-north- east of Crieff,
Perthshire.

ABERCHALDER, seat, at foot of Loch
Oich, Great Glen, Inverness-shire. Prince
Charles Edward concentrated his forces
here at the commencement of the rebellion
in 1745.

ABERCHIRDER, town, 9 miles south-by-
west of Banff. It has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
under Banff ; a banking office ; Established,

ABE

Free, United Presbyterian, Baptist, Epis-
copalian, and Roman Catholic churches,
and 2 public schools. Its Free church
originated in the Marnoch contest, one of
the sharpest which led to the Disruption,
and is large and handsome. Pop. of the
town, 1358.

ABERCORN, parish, extending from
Firth of Forth to vicinity of Winchburgh
railway station, Linlithgowshire. Post
town, South Queensferry. Acres, 4500.
Real property in 1880-81, £10,173. Pop.
856. The surface is finely diversified,
and both contains and commands delight-
ful views, yet rises nowhere higher than
350 feet above sea-level. Chief fea-
tures are Hopetoun House and Binns
House, seats of the Earl of Hopetoun and
Sir Robert Dalyell, Bart. Interesting
spots are sites of a Culdee establishment
and a famous ancient castle ; and a notable
estate is one which passed from the Hamil-
tons, but continues to give their descen-
dant the titles of Earl, Marquis, and Duke
of Abercorn. The churches are Estab-
lished and Free ; and there are 2 public
schools with about 111 scholars.

ABERCROMBIE, parish, containing St.
Monance town, on south-east coast of
Fife. Acres, 1203. Real property in
1880-81, £6073. Pop. 2054. The beach
is low and rocky, the land thence rises
very abruptly, and the interior has un-
dulations, but is mainly flat. The churches
are Established and Free. The public
school is partly new, and has about 211
scholars, and it and 3 others have jointly
accommodation for 398.

ABERDALGIE, parish, from 1J to 4£
miles west of Bridge of Earn, Perthshire.
It has a post office under Perth. Acres,
4165. Real property in 1880-81, £4657.
Pop. 297. The surface rises from the
Earn to the northern boundary, presents
a luxuriant appearance, and commands
picturesque views. The chief feature is
Dupplin Castle, the seat of the Earl of
Kinnoul. The public school has about
38 scholars.

ABERDEEN, city on the south-east verge
of Aberdeenshire, at mouth of river Dee,
90 miles north-east-by-north of Perth. It
ranks as a royal and parliamentary burgh,
a place of sheriff and justiciary courts, a
university town, a seat of manufacture,
and a head port. It appears first on
record in 1179 ; it was enthralled by the
English from 1296 till 1308, but expelled
them under the war-cry, ' Bon- accord ' ;
it was destroyed by them in 1336, but was
soon rebuilt, and then called New Aber-
deen. It figured much in subsequent
national events, both political and military,
and it gives the title of earl to a branch of
the family of Gordon. Its site includes
rising ground and dell, giving diversity to
the street alignments ; and its building
material is granite, occasioning it to be
called the Granite City. Its thorough-
fares, till near the end of last century,

ABE

3

ABE

were narrow, dense, and ill-built; but they
have from time to time, down to 1881,
been so improved and extended as to
make it one of the finest cities in Great
Britain. Castle Street, in its centre, is a
large, grandly-edificed rectangle. Union
Street, extending thence about f mile to
the west-south-west, is both remarkably
well-edificed in itself, and commands
striking views of other parts of the city.
King Street, extending northward from
Castle Street, is little inferior to Union
Street ; and a number of other thorough-
fares are straight, spacious, and pleasing.

The Municipal and County Buildings,
in Castle Street, were erected in 1865-69,
at a cost of about £60,000. The post
office, at foot of Market Street, was
erected in 1872-76, at a cost of about
£16,000. The North of Scotland Bank, at
south-west corner of Queen Street, was
erected in 1839, at a cost of £14,000. The
Music Hall buildings, in Union Street,
were completed about 1855, at a cost of
£16,500. The theatre, in Guild Street,
was erected in 1872, at a cost of nearly
£8000. The Market Cross,in Castle Street,
a singularly complex ornamental struc-
ture, was erected in 1686, and reconstructed
in 1842. A bridge, spanning a ravine in
the line of Union Street, was erected at a
cost of £13,342. Victoria Bridge, across
the Dee, in line of Market Street, was
completed in 1881, at a cost of fully
£20,000. The Prince Consort's Monu-
ment, at south end of Union Terrace, was
inaugurated in 1863. The Duke of Gor-
don's Monument, in Castle Street, is a
colossal granite statue. "Sir William
"Wallace's Monument, in front of Union
Terrace, was projected in February 1880.
St. Nicholas Established church, oft' Union
Street, was originally a cathedral-like,
cruciform edifice, suffered partial destruc-
tion by fire in 1874, and was restored at a
cost of about £15,000, before the end of
1878. The North Established church, in
Queen Street, was erected in 1826, at a cost
of £10,500. The East and West Free
churches, in Belmont Street, form one
imposing cruciform edifice. Other Pres-
byterian churches, Established, Free, and
United Presbyterian, are modern and
good. The Congregational chapel, in
Shiprow, was erected in 1867, at a cost of
more than £5500. St. Andrew's Episco-
palian church, in King Street, was erected
in 1817, at a cost of £8000, and acquired a
new chancel in 1880. St. Mary's Episco-
palian church, in Carden Place, was
erected about 1864. The Roman Catholic
church, in Huntly Street, was erected in
1860, and contains 1200 sittings. Maris-
chal College, in Broad Street, was erected
in 1837-41 ; occupies the site of previous
buildings dating from old times ; and in
1860 was constituted one university with
King's College in Old Aberdeen. The
Old Academy, long famous for producing
x distinguished scholars, was voted in May

1880 to be converted into a museum of
science and art. A public school in Com-
merce Street, one of 5 new schools
provided by the burgh school board, was
built in 1876, at a cost of about £4500.
The Infirmary, at Woolmanhill, was
erected in 1840, at a cost of about £17,000.
The Lunatic Asylum, in the north-western
outskirts, was completed in 1819, at a cost
of about £20,000. A public park at Allen-
vale was begun to be formed in August
1881, and comprises about 47 acres.

The city has a head post office with all
departments ; 6 sub-offices, with each a
money order department ; railway com-
munication northward, north-westward,
westward, and southward ; 2 head
banking offices, 6 branch banking offices,
and numerous hotels ; contains 12 Estab-
lished churches, 19 Free churches, 6
United Presbyterian, 5 Congregational,
2 Evangelical Union, 3 Baptist, 5 Episco-
palian, and 6 of other denominations ;
had formerly 90 schools for 12,708
scholars, and now has 86 schools for
14,677 ; publishes 3 daily newspapers
and 5 weekly; carries on large manu-
factures of linens, woollens, and cottons,
and much business in iron works,
breweries, distilleries, granite polishing
works, shipbuilding yards, and other
establishments ; and conducts extensive
export of its own produce, and of
grain and fish. Its harbour lies within
the Dee's mouth, comprehends an
elaborate, series of artificial works,
cost long ago about £500,000, and was
designed in 1876, and recommended
again near the end of 1880, to undergo
further extension. The vessels belonging
to the port at end of 1879 were 178
sailing vessels, of 98,763 tons, and 45
steam vessels, of 20,421 tons ; and the
arrivals in that year were 2030 British
vessels, of 486,581 tons, and 143 foreign
vessels, of 34,566 tons ; the departures,
1985 British vessels, of 479,218 tons,
and 137 foreign vessels, of 33,175 tons.
The parliamentary burgh sends 1
member to Parliament, and the university
unites with Glasgow University in sending
another. Real property of the burgh in
1880-81, £429,267. Pop. in 1881, 105,003.

ABERDEEN (OLD), suburb, adjacent to
the river Don, about a mile north of
Aberdeen. It became the seat of a
bishopric in 1154, acquired a university
in 1494, and was long a rival to Aberdeen,
but is now small, quiet, and semi-rural,
and has a post office, with money order
department, under Aberdeen. The nave
of its cathedral still stands, measures 126
by 68 feet, has a very fine western window,
and is used as Old Machar parish church.
King's College was built in the 16th
century, underwent much renovation and
improvement subsequent to 1859, and has
a tower surmounted by a stone crown,
similar to that of St. Giles' Church in
Edinburgh. The arts and divinity classes

ABE

4

ABE

are held in this college ; the law and
medicine classes are held in Marischal
College, Aberdeen ; and the number of
matriculated students in the winter session
of 1879-80 was 701, in the summer
session of 1881, 233. An ancient one-
arched bridge and a modern five-arched
bridge span the Don in the near vicinity ;
and the former is the ' Brig o' Balgownie,'
figuring in an anecdote and lines of
Lord Byron.

ABERDEENSHIRE, maritime county, ex-
tending from the river Dee to the Moray
Firth, and from the Dee's mouth to the
summits of the Cairngorm Mountains.
Its length is about 86 miles ; its greatest
breadth about 47 miles ; its extent of coast
about 70 miles ; its circumference about
280 miles ; its area 1970 square miles.
Its ancient divisions were Buchan, Strath-
bogie, Formartine, Garioch, and Mar ; and
its modern districts are Deer, Turriff,
Huntly, Garioch, Alford, Ellon, New
Machar, Aberdeen, Deeside, and Braemar.
The coast has few indentations, is partly
rocky and precipitous, and includes the
most easterly ground in Scotland. About
two-thirds of the interior are either sands,
mosses, moors, hills, or mountains. The
northern, eastern, and south-eastern parts
are the least elevated, and comprise a
large aggregate of low flat land ; while
the south-western parts are prevailingly
lofty and rugged, and include summits
and offsets of the Cairngorm Mountains.
The chief rocks are granite, gneiss, and
mica slate. The principal rivers are the
Dee, the Don, the Deveron, and the
Ythan. The soils are very various and
averagely poor, but have been so skilfully
worked as to be remarkably productive.
The towns with each above 4000 inhabi-
tants are Aberdeen, Peterhead, and
Fraserburgh ; with each above 2000,
Huntly, Inverury, Turriff, and New Pit-
sligo ; with each above 1000, Old Meldrum,
Rosehearty, and Strichen ; and the villages
with each above 500, Auchmull, Ballater,
Boddam,Cuminestone, Ellon, Inverallochy,
Kintore, New Aberdour, Newburgh, and
St. Comb. The county sends 2 mem-
bers to Parliament, and is cut for that
purpose into two divisions, eastern and
western. Real property in 1880-81,
£919,203. Pop. in 1871, 244,003 ; in 1881,
267,963.

ABERDONA, seat, 4J miles north-east of
Clackmannan.

ABERDOUR, village and parish on north
coast of Firth of Forth, Fife. The village
stands on a fine sheltered bay, 2| miles
west-by-south of Burntisland ; consists of
three parts, "Wester Aberdour, Easter
Aberdour, and Newton ; was anciently a
royal landing-place for Dunfermline ; con-
tains the site of an ancient nunnery and
finely situated ruins of an ancient castle ;
is now a favourite summer resort for
rustication and sea-bathing; maintains
direct steamboat communication with

Leith ; and has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Burntisland, an Established church, a
Free church, and a public school with
about 166 scholars. Pop. 610. — The parish
contains also Donibristle colliery and
Wemyss Square villages, and includes
Inchcolm Island. Acres, 5974. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £12,500.. Pop. 1736. The
coast is intricate, diversified, and pictur-
esque, and commands charming views.
The land thence, to a hill-ridge through
the centre, is mostly fertile and beautiful,
and the tract on the north is mostly bleak
hill. Aberdour Castle is a seat of Baron
Aberdour, the Earl of Morton, and there
are 4 other mansions. A public school
is at Donibristle.

ABERDOUR, parish, containing New
Aberdour village, on north coast of
Aberdeenshire. New Aberdour stands 8
miles west-south-west of Fraserburgh, was
founded in 1798, and has a post office
under Fraserburgh, an Established church,
a Free church, and 2 public schools with
about 238 scholars. Pop. 642.— The parish
contains also the fishing village of Pennan,
and is about 7 miles long and 5 miles
broad. Acres, 15,508. Real property in
1880-81, £8672. Pop., quoad civilia, 2124 ;
quoad sacra, 1903. The western division
rises mostly from 200 to 300 feet above
sea-level ; the eastern division is compara-
tively low and flat ; the whole comprises
a great proportion of moss, moor, and
barren land. The coast is rocky, bold,
and cavernous ; includes a striking natural
feature similar to the Bullers of Buchan ;
and is surmounted at one point by the
ruined historical castle of Dundargue.
The rocks possess much interest both for
science and for utility. There are 4
schools for 440 scholars, and one of them
and an enlargement for 121 are new.

ABERFELDY, town at terminus of branch
of Highland Railway, 32| miles north-west
of Perth. It stands on Moness burn,
adjacent to the Tay, amid a picturesque
tract of country ; is famous for falls on
Moness burn in a wooded dell, sung by
Burns as the 4 Birks o' Aberfeldy ; ' has
good street arrangements, with recent ex-
tension in questionable tastes ; has much at-
traction for tourists and summer residents,
and contains a head post office with all
departments, 3 banking offices, 2 hotels,
a public hall projected in 1880, an Estab-
lished church, also projected in 1880, a
large Free church, a large Congregational
church, a small Baptist chapel, and a
public school with about 240 scholars.
Pop. 1260.

ABERFOYLE, parish in south-west ex-
tremity of Perthshire, with post office
under Stirling, and a hotel 6| miles north-
north- west of Bucklyvie railway station.
Length, lOi miles; breadth, 5^- miles ; area,
26,810 acre's. Real property in 1880-81,
£4579. Pop., quoad civilia, 465 ; quoad
sacra, 409. A bill was promoted in 1880

ABE

5

ABE

for a railway, on a capital of £55,000,
from the vicinity of the hotel to a junction
with the Forth and Clyde Railway between
Bucklyvie and Balfron. _ A glen, on the
south-east border, contains the hotel and
the church ; extends about 2 miles west-
ward, with a width of about £ mile, and is
traversed by the chief head- stream of the
river Forth. A pass at the glen's head
figured much in the raids of the Highland
caterans, and was the scene of a victory
by Graham of Duchray over a body of
Cromwell's troops. The general surface
is upland, and includes Benvenue, Ben-
chochan, and some lesser mountains.
Loch Katrine, the Trossachs, and Loch
Achray are on the- northern border ; Loch
Drunkie is in the north-east corner ; and
Locbs Chon and Ard are in the south-
west. The aggregate scenery is much
diversified and richly picturesque, and
many spots figure graphically in Sir Walter
Scott's Rob Roy, Waverley, and Lady of
the Lake; but the ' clachan ' of his romance,
on a site about a mile west of the hotel,
is now extinct. The public school has
about 65 scholars.

ABERGELDIE, seat on the Dee, 2\ miles
east of Balmoral, Aberdeenshire. The
Birks of Abergeldie are the subject of an
old melody, transferred by Burns to his
'Birks o' Aberfeldy.' The mansion is a
modernized, ancient, castellated edifice,
and, together with the grounds, was
purchased by the late Prince Consort, and
is now included in Balmoral demesne.

ABERIACHAN, burn, entering left side
of Loch Ness, 4 miles north-east of Fort-
Augustus, Inverness-shire. It traverses
romantic scenery, makes fine falls, and
passes a large spar cave.

ABERLADY, village and parish on north-
west coast of Haddingtonshire. The vil-
lage stands 3 miles west-by-north of Drem
railway station, is a sea-bathing resort, and
has a post office, with money order depart-
ment, under Longniddry, an Established
church, a United Presbyterian church, and
a public school with about 185 scholars.
Pop. 438. — The parish is 3f miles long,
and Z\ miles broad. Acres, 4319. Real
property in 1880-81, £11,270. Pop. 1000.
The surface rises very slowly from the
shore, and looks to be almost flat, yet
presents a rich appearance. Gosford
House, the seat of the Earl of Wemyss,
and Ballencrieff, the seat of Lord Elibank,
are chief features. Aberlady Bay, taking
name from the parish, is an encurvature
from Gullane Point, past Prestonpans,
Musselburgh, and Portobello, to Leith.

ABERLEMNO parish around Auldbar
railway station, near centre of Forfarshire.
It has a post office under Forfar. Its
length is 6 miles, its greatest breadth 4f
miles, its area 8914 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £10,874. Pop. 993. The
surface is partly level, partly hilly, and
rises from about 200 to about 600 feet
above sea-level. The seats are Auldbar

Castle, Balgavies, and Carsegownie ; and
the chief antiquities are Flemmington
Castle and Melgund Castle, the latter a
ruin giving the title of viscount to the
Earl of Minto. The churches are Estab-
lished and Free ; and the public school has
about 104 scholars.

ABERLOUR, village and parish on south-
west border of Banffshire. The village
stands on the Spey, 17 miles south-west of
Keith, was founded in 1812, presents a
well-built appearance, and has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, under Craigellachie, a railway
station, 2 banking offices, an Established
Norman church of 1861, a Free church, an
Episcopalian early English church of 1877,
an orphanage connected with that church,
and a public school with about 190 scholars.
Pop. 721. — The parish is 9 miles long and
5 miles broad. Acres, 14,781. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £6464. Pop., quoad
civilia, 1912 ; quoad sacra, 1794. The Spey
traces all the boundary with Elginshire,
and is here deep and rapid. Aberlour burn,
entering that river at the village, makes a
cascade of 30 feet. Craigellachie on the
Spey will be separately noticed. The
south-western district is mountainous, and
includes most of Benrinnes ; the other
districts also are prevailingly hilly, yet
about two-thirds of the entire area are
cultivated. Aberlour House is an elegant
modern mansion. There are 3 schools
for 343 scholars, and include recent en-
largements for 61.

ABERLUTHNOTT, ancient parish, now
called Marykirk, Kincardineshire.

ABERMILK, ancient parish, now called
St. Mungo, Dumfriesshire.

ABERNETHY, village in Perthshire, and
parish, partly also in Fife. The village
stands 7f miles south-east of Perth, was
anciently a seat of the Culdees, and a
capital of Pictavia ; contains an ancient
round tower similar to the famous round
towers of Ireland ; presents now a plain,
modern appearance, and has a post office,
with money order department, under New-
burgh, a railway station, an Established
church, a United Presbyterian church, and
a recently enlarged public school for 362
scholars. Pop. 906. — The parish contains
also Aberargie village, includes Mugdrum
Island, and is nearly 5 miles long and
about 4 miles broad. Acres in Perthshire,
7577; in Fife, 1967. Real property in
1880-81, £12,788 and £2343. Pop. 1586
and 128. About one-third of the surface
is low, rich land around and near the
confluence of the Earn and the Tay ; and
the rest is part of the Ochil Hills, cloven
by Glenfarg. The seats are Carpow,
Ayton, and Carey ; and some antiquities
are Balvaird Castle, remains of a Roman
camp, and vestiges of a vitrified fort.

ABERNETHY, parish around Nethy
Bridge, Broomhill, and Boat-of-Garten
stations on Strathspey and Highland
Railways, east border of Inverness-shire.

ABE

6

ACH

Area, about 146 square miles. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £8329. Pop. 1530. The
surface extends along the Spey from
Rothiemurchus to Cromdale, and ascends
thence south-eastward to summits of the
Cairngorms. Small part is low, flat land
contiguous to the Spey ; and much of the
mountains is covered with natural pine
woods. The parish has a post office under
Grantown, 2 parochial churches with
1000 and 600 sittings, a Free church, and
3 public schools for 310 scholars.

ABERNYTE, parish in Sidlaw district,
Perthshire, mainly about 2 miles
north-north-west of Inchture railway
station. Post town, Inchture. Acres,
2532. Real property in 1880-81, £3011.
Pop. 275. The surface is mostly hilly, and
rises from about 300 to about 1155 feet
above sea-level. A Free church serves for
Abernyte and Rait. The public school
has about 75 scholars.

ABERTARF, parish, united to Boleskine,
Inverness-shire.

ABERUCHILL, seat, 2 miles west-south-
west of Comrie, Perthshire.

ABERUTHVEN, village, 2£ miles north-
east of Auchterarder, Perthshire. It has
a post office under Auchterarder, a ruined
ancient church used as a burying-place of
the Duke of Montrose, a Free church, and
a public school. Pop. 331.

ABINGTON, village on the Clyde, 43J
miles south- west-by- south of Edinburgh.
It is a meet for huntsmen, and a centre
for anglers, and it has a post office desig-
nated of Lanarkshire, a railway station,
an inn, and a Free church.

ABOVE-THE-HILL, place, with public
school, in Harray parish, Orkney.

ABOYNE, village and parish in Deeside
district, Aberdeenshire. The village
stands on the Dee, 32^- miles west-south-
west of Aberdeen ; it has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
under Aberdeen, a railway station, a
banking office, an inn, a suspension bridge,
an Established church of 1842, a Free
church, and a public school with about
164 scholars, and it gives the titles of
baron, viscount, and earl to the Marquis
of Huntly. Pop. about 200. — The present
parish comprises the old parishes of
Aboyne and Glentanner, and extends
from Coull to Kincardineshire. Acres,
25,265. Real property in 1880-81, £8005.
Pop. 1427. About one-tenth of the land
is arable, a considerable aggregate is
under wood, and the rest is pastoral or
heathy hill and mountain. Aboyne Castle,
the seat of the Marquis of Huntly, stands
near the village, and is an imposing edifice
of dates from 11th century till recent
years. There are 3 public schools for
318 scholars, and one of them, for 160, is
new.

ACHADASHENAIG, seat, overlooking
Aros Bay, Mull Island, Argyleshire.

ACHADHAMILLAN, place on south-east
side of Loch Killisport, Argyleshire.

ACHAHOISH, hamlet at head of Loch
Killisport, Argyleshire. It has a post
office under Lochgilphead.

ACHALERAN, place in Ardchattan
parish, Argyleshire. It has a public
school with about 53 scholars.

ACHALICK, bay on east side of Loch
Fyne, nearly opposite Tarbert, Argyleshire.

ACHALL, lake in Lochbroom parish,
Ross-shire.

ACHALL ADER, ruined baronial fortalice
on Loch Tolla, Glenorchy, Argyleshire.

ACHALLY, lake, and hill 1694 feet high,
in Clunie parish, Perthshire.

ACHANACY, hill in Keith parish, Banff-
shire.

ACHANAULT. See Auchanault.

A CHANDARINE, village in Inverary
parish, Argyleshire.

ACHANEILAN, deep quagmire, 5 miles
long, adjacent to Loch Shiel, on north
border of Argyleshire.

ACHANY, seat, 4 miles south-west of
Lairg, Sutherland.

ACHARACLE, quoad sacra parish around
Loch Shiel, Argyleshire and Inverness-
shire. Pop. 1236. It has a post office
under Fort-William, an Established
church, a Free church preaching-station,
and 3 new public schools.

ACHARDALE, quondam hamlet in Hal-
kirk parish, Caithness.

ACHARN, village, and burn with pic-
turesque cascades, 2 miles west-south-west
of Kenmore, Perthshire.

ACHASTLE, ruined old castle in Latheron
parish, Caithness.

ACHAVANICH, place, 8 miles north of
Dunbeath, in Caithness.

ACHBRECK, village in Glenlivet, 10
miles south of Dufftown, Banffshire. It
has a post office under Ballindalloch.

ACHILTIE, lake in Contin parish, Ross-
shire.

ACHINCASS. See Auchincass.

ACHINDUIN, ruined episcopal castle on
west coast of Lismore Island, Argyleshire.

ACHINDUNE, ruined strong baronial
fortalice on Fiddich rivulet, near Dufftown,
Banffshire.

ACHLYNE, noble shooting-lodge in Glen-
dochart, Perthshire.

ACHNACARRY, hamlet and seat at
convergence of Glenarchaig and Great
Glen, Inverness-shire. The hamlet has a
post office under Fort- William.

ACHNACLOICH, lake in Rosskeen
parish, Ross-shire.

ACHNACRAIG, hamlet at mouth of
Loch Don, Mull Island, Argyleshire. It
is the ferry station to Oban, and it has a
post office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Oban, and a harbour.

ACHNACROISH, place, 3 miles north of
Achnacraig, Mull Island, Argyleshire. It
has a post office under Oban.

ACHNAGOL, village in Inverary parish,
Argyleshire.

ACHNAHANNET, place, with public
school, in Kincardine parish, Ross-shire.

ACH

7

AIR

ACHNAHOW, glen in Kildonan parish,
Sutherland.

ACHNESS, castle near foot of Glen-
cassley, Sutherland.

ACHR ANNIE, wild cataract within
frightful chasm on river Isla, on west
border of Forfarshire.

ACHRAY, picturesque lake a short
distance east of the Trossachs, Perthshire.

ACHRISGILL, impetuous stream run-
ning to Loch Inchard, on west coast of
Sutherland.

ACHTERCAIRN, hamlet in Gairloch
parish, Ross-shire. It has a public school
with about 123 scholars.

ACKERGILL, place on Sinclair Bay, 3
miles north of Wick, Caithness. It has
a public school, and it was designed in
December 1879 to have a steamship pier
to accommodate steamers in lieu of their
going up to Wick. Ackergill Tower is
partly an ancient, massive, well-preserved
fortalice, and partly a modern castellated
mansion.

ADAM'S ROW, village in Newton parish,
Edinburghshire.

ADAMTON, seat near Monkton, Ayr-
shire.

ADD, river, running 12 miles south-
westward to head of Loch Crinan, Argyle-
shire.

ADDIEWELL, town, about a mile west
of West Calder, Edinburghshire. It was
founded subsequent to 1864 ; it consists
almost wholly of extensive paraffin works
and of houses for the workmen ; and it
stands adjacent to West Calder railway
station, and has a post office . under Mid-
Calder. Pop. 1819.

ADIE, hill in Rathven parish, Banffshire.

ADIGO, lake in Uig parish, Lewis,
Outer Hedrides.

ADVIE, old parish, now part of Crom-
dale, Elginshire. It has a railway station
8£ miles north-east of Grantown, a post
office under Ballindalloch, and a chapel-of-
ease.

AE, river, running 16 miles south-east-
ward to the Kinnel, at 2 miles north-north-
west of Lochmaben, Dumfriesshire.

AFFLECK, old baronial fortalice, almost
entire, in Monikie parish, Forfarshire.

AFFLECK, Ayrshire. See Auchinleck.

AFFORSK, romantic ravine in Gamrie
parish, Banffshire.

AFFRICK, lake and river in Strath-
affrick, north-west border of Inverness-
shire. The lake lies in the upper part of
the strath, measures about 5 miles in
length, and is overhung by Alpine moun-
tains. The river traverses both that lake
and Loch Benevean, makes several fine
cascades, and takes afterwards the name
of Glass.

AFTON, rivulet, running 6$ miles north-
ward to the Nith, at New Cumnock, Ayr-
shire. It is sung by Burns.

AFTON-BRIDGEND, village on Afton
rivulet, near New Cumnock, Ayrshire. It
has a Free church. Pop. 350.

AHEURICH, glen in Sunart district,
Argyleshire.

AICHILTIBUIE, hamlet in Lochbroom
parish, Ross-shire. It has a public school
with about 120 scholars.

AIGAS. See Ellan-Aigas.

AIKENHAULD, site of old parochial
church in Oathlaw parish, Forfarshire.

AIKENHEAD, seat in Cathcart parish,
Renfrewshire.

AIKERNESS, estate in Evie parish,
Orkney.

AIKET, ancient castle in Dunlop parish,
Ayrshire.

AIKEY-BRAE, historical spot near Old
Deer, Aberdeenshire.

AILSA-CRAIG, insular conical rock in
Firth of Clyde, 10 miles west-by-north of
Girvan, Ayrshire. It consists of syenitic
trap, rises steeply to height of 1114 feet
above mean level tide, and is inhabited by
countless multitudes of sea-fowl. Pop. 7.

AILSK, wild upland lake, a source of
Oikell river in Sutherland.

AIRD, peninsula, 5 miles long, in Storno-
way parish, Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

AIRD, headland, forming north - east
extremity of Skye Island, Inverness-shire.

AIRD, large, rich, picturesque tract on
the Beauly, in north-west extremity of
Inverness-shire.

AIRD, rocky promontory, with remains
of Scandinavian fort, in Saddell parish,
Kintyre, Argyleshire.

AIRD, hamlet in Inch parish, Wigton-
shire.

AIRD or ARD, any hummocky height,
small or large, low or high, either on
coast or inland. The word is used chiefly
as a prefix, and mostly in the form of
'Ard.'

AIRDIT, seat in Leuchars parish, Fife.

AIRDRIE, parliamentary burgh, 12 miles
east-by-north of Glasgow. It was no more
than a small hamlet so late as 1725 ; and
it rose into consequence, and has con-
tinued to prosper, in connection with
mining and manufacture. It includes a
long, spacious, well-built principal street ;
but it is incompact, and straggles into
suburbs. It has a head post office with
all departments, 2 railway stations, 4
banking offices, a large hotel, a neat town
hall, a company's public hall, 3 Estab-
lished churches, 4 Free churches, 2
United Presbyterian churches, Congrega-
tional, Evangelical Union, Baptist, Wes-
leyan, and Roman Catholic chapels, 3
public schools, 2 academies, and 2
other schools, and it publishes a weekly
newspaper. One of its Established
churches was erected in 1875, at a cost
of about £6000, and contains about 900
sittings. One of the public schools was
erected in 1876, at a cost of about £8000,
and has accommodation for about 800
scholars. The burgh unites with Hamil-
ton, Lanark, Falkirk, and Linlithgow in
sending a member to Parliament. Pop.
13,363.

AIR

8

ALF

AIRDRIE, seat in Crail parish, Fife.

AIRDS, peninsula between Loch Linnhe
and Loch Creran, Argyleshire.

AIRDS, bay of Loch Etive, Muckairn
parish, Argyleshire.

AIRDSMOSS. See Aibsmoss.

AIRI-INNIS, lake in Morvern parish,
Argyleshire.

AIRLEYWIGHT, seat in Auchtergaven
parish, Perthshire.

AIRLIE, parish on west border of For-
farshire, midway between Kirriemuir and
Alyth. Post town, Kirriemuir. Length,
6 miles ; greatest breadth, 4 miles ; area,
8923 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£11,092. Pop. 844. The surface is partly
low ground within Strathmore, and partly
a series of ridges, rising thence to an ex-
treme altitude of about 510 feet. Airlie
Castle, the seat of the Earl of Airlie,
stands in the north-west corner, crowns
a rocky promontory at the influx of Mel-
gum rivulet to the Isla, is an elegant
modern edifice, and retains vestiges of the
'Bonnie House o' Airlie,' celebrated in
song. Lindertis House and P>aikie House
also are modern. The churches are Estab-
lished and Free ; and there are 2
public schools for Airlie, and another for
it and part of Kirriemuir.

AIRNTULLY. See Arntully.

AIRSMOSS, large morass between Auch-
inleck and Muirkirk, Ayrshire. It was
the scene in 1680 of the skirmish in which
the famous Covenanter Richard Cameron
fell ; and it contains a monument called
' Cameron's Stone.'

AIRTH, village and parish in Carse dis-
trict, Stirlingshire. The village stands
near the Forth, 5 miles north-by-east of
Falkirk, and has a post office under Lar-
bert. Pop. 487. — The parish contains
also Dunmore village, and extends about
5 miles along the Forth. Acres, 5477.
Real property in 1880-81, £13,769. _ Pop.
1362. The surface, with exception of
two small hills, is all low and flat, and
most of it is very fertile. Airth Hill is a
circular eminence less than 100 feet high.
Airth Castle is an elegant modem man-
sion, and was preceded by an ancient
tower, which figures in the history of Sir
William Wallace. Dunmore House, the
seat of the Earl of Dunmore, is a pro-
minent feature ; and Higgin's Nook and
Powfoulis are other mansions. The
churches are Established, Free, and
United Presbyterian. The schools are
4, with accommodation for 466 scholars,
and one of them and an enlargement for
200 are new.

AIRTHREY, mineral wells and an es-
tate on northern verge of Stirlingshire.
The wells are on a height in the eastern
vicinity of Bridge of Allan, are approached
thence by ornate walks, and have a neat
bath - house. The estate belongs to
Lord Abercromby, comprises picturesque
grounds among skirts of the Ochil Hills,
and has a fine castellated mansion.

AITHSTING, parish united to Sand-
sting, Shetland.

AIT-SUIDHE-THUIN, lofty mountain,
with magnificent view, at head of Loch
Portree, Isle of Skye.

AKERMOOR, lake, 8 miles south-west of
Selkirk.

AKERNESS, tract in extreme north of
Westray Island, Orkney. It has coast
cliffs so torn and pierced as to disport the
sea billows in a manner similar to the
Bullers of Buchan.

ALAUNA, quondam Caledonian town
and Roman station on Allan river, near
boundary between Perthshire and Stirling-
shire.

ALBANY, originally all the country of
the Scottish Celts, afterwards only the
region now forming Breadalbane, Athole,
and parts of Lochaber, Glenorchy, and
Appin. A dukedom of Albany was
created first for a younger son of Robert
II., next for the second son of James n.

ALCLUYTH, < the rock on the Clyde,' or
Dumbarton Castle, as known to the
Venerable Bede.

ALDARDER, streamlet running to the
Spey, in Knockando parish, Elginshire.

ALDC AMBUS, old parish, now part of
Cockburnspath, Berwickshire.

ALDCATHIE, detached part of Dalmeny
parish, Linlithgowshire.

ALDERNIE, affluent of the Fiddich, in
Boharm parish, Banffshire.

ALDERSTONE, seat in Haddington
parish, Haddingtonshire.

ALDHAM, old parish, now part of
Whitekirk, Haddingtonshire.

ALDHOUSE, village in East Kilbride
parish, Lanarkshire.

ALDIE, hamlet, deserted baronial fort-
alice, and estate in Fossaway parish,
Perthshire.

ALDOURIE, seat and public school in
Dores parish, Inverness-shire.

ALE, affluent of the Eye, between Ayton
and Eyemouth, Berwickshire.

ALE, affluent of the Teviot, near An-
crum, Roxburghshire.

ALEMOOR, lake in Roberton parish,
Roxburghshire.

ALEXANDRIA, town and quoad sacra
parish in Vale of Leven, Dumbartonshire.
The town stands on Leven river, 3| miles
north of Dumbarton ; forms practically a
joint town with Bonhill, separated from
it only by the Leven ; is modern, well-
built, and prosperous ; conducts much
business in connection with neighbouring
printfields and other public works ; and
has a post office with all departments
under Dumbarton, a railway station, a
banking office, Established, Free, United
Presbyterian, Congregational, Wesleyan,
and Roman Catholic churches, and 2
public schools with about 745 scholars.
Pop. of the town, 6173; of the quoad
sacra parish, 6616.

ALFORD, village, parish, and district in
south-west of Aberdeenshire. The village

ALG

9

ALL

stands on the Don, at terminus of branch
railway, 29£ miles west - north - west of
Aberdeen ; is a scattered place, but a
centre of considerable business ; and has
a post office, with money order and tele-
graph departments, under Aberdeen, 2
banking offices, a hotel, Established, Free,
and Episcopalian churches, and a public
school. Pop. 529. — The parish is
7 miles long and 3 miles broad. Acres,
9102. Real property in 1880-81, £8198.
Pop. 1472. The surface is partly the
western portion of a vale 10 miles long,
including portions of 3 other parishes,
and partly an engirdling series of hills and
mountains. Less than half is under the
plough, and much of the rest is moss,
moor, and upland pasture. The mansions
are Haughton and Breda. There are
3 schools, with accommodation for 292
scholars. — The district comprehends also
the parishes of Auchindoir, Clatt, Glen-
bucket, Keig, Kildrummy, Kinnethmont,
Leochel, Rhynie, Strathdon, Tullynessle,
Tough, Towie, and the Aberdeenshire
part of Cabrach.

ALGUISH, place, 10 miles north-west of
Garve, in Ross-shire.

ALLACHY, head-stream of the Tanner,
Aboyne parish, Aberdeenshire.

ALLAN, river of Perthshire and Stirling-
shire, entering the Forth 1| mile north-
west of Stirling.

ALLAN, stream, running to the Teviot
at 4 miles south-west of Hawick, Roxburgh-
shire.

ALLANBANK, hamlet on Whitadder
water, in Edrom parish, Berwickshire.

ALLAN (BRIDGE OF). See Bkidge of
Allan.

ALLANDER, river of Dumbartonshire
and Stirlingshire, running to the Kelvin at
4^ miles west-south-west of Kirkintilloch,

ALLANMOUTH, place, with remains of
Border peel, 4 miles south-west of Hawick,
E oxburghshire.

ALLANSHAW, farmhouse, formerly an
important seat in Hamilton parish,
Lanarkshire.

ALLANTON, village on the Whitadder,
1^ mile south of Chirnside, Berwickshire.
It has a Free church.

ALLANTON, village in Hamilton parish,
Lanarkshire. Pop. 351.

ALLANTON, seat of Sir Henry J. S.
Steuart, Bart., 3J miles east-north-east
of Wishaw, Lanarkshire. It is mainly
modern, but includes an old castle.

ALLANTON, place, with public school,
in Galston parish, Ayrshire.

ALLANTON, burn, entering the Nith
near Auldgirth Bridge, Dumfriesshire.

ALLARDYCE, estate, with ruined ancient
mansion, in Arbuthnot parish, Kincardine-
shire.

ALLEAN, seat on lower part of the
Tummel, Perthshire.

ALLEN, stream, running 6 miles south-
ward to the Tweed, at If mile west-north-
west of Melrose, Roxburghshire. Its vale

is the Glendearg of Sir Walter Scott's
Monastery.

ALLERMUIR, a summit of the Pentland
Hills, 1617 feet high, 5 miles south-by-
west of Edinburgh.

ALLNESS. See Alness.

ALLOA, town and parish in Clackmannan-
shire. The town stands on the Forth, 7
miles east of Stirling ; has railway com-
munication towards the four points of the
compass, is a head port, a seat of manu-
facture, a police burgh, and the political
capital of Clackmannanshire ; dates from
ancient times, but has few marks of
antiquity, and few associations with
history ; shows well-built modern streets
and some elegant outskirts, and has a
head post office with all departments, a
junction railway station, a ferry nexus
with South Alloa railway station, 4
banking offices, 4 hotels, a county court-
house of 1865, an archaeological hall
of 1874, a steepled Established church of
1819, 2 Free churches, 2 United Pres-
byterian churches, a Baptist church of
1881, an Episcopalian church, a Sweden-
borgian church, a burgh school of 1876, a
beautiful small academy, and a new dock,
formed in 1879-81. Its shipping in 1879
comprised 776 British vessels, of 95,900
tons, and 291 foreign vessels, of 46,281
tons, inwards ; and 755 British vessels, of
93,260 tons, and 298 foreign vessels, of
51,866 tons, outwards. Alloa Tower, on
its east side, was the seat of the Earls of
Mar, dated from the 13th century, was
burnt in 1800, and is now a thick-walled
shell, 89 feet high. Alloa Park House,
eastward of the tower, is the seat of the
Earl of Mar and Kellie, an ornate hollow
quadrangle, 185 feet by 120. Pop. of
the police burgh, 8812 ; of the town,
including New Sauchie suburb, 10,591. —
The parish excludes New Sauchie, but in-
cludes Tullibody village and 2 islands, and
is averagely 4 miles long. Acres, 5499.
Real property in 1880-81, £55,330. Pop.
11,638. The part adjacent to the Forth is
rich carse, and the rest is a fertile diversi-
fied assemblage of vales, rising grounds,
and small hills. There are 10 schools
for 2022 scholars, and one of them and a
class-room for 450 are new.

ALLOA (SOUTH), place, with dock and
railway station, on right bank of the Forth,
opposite Alloa. The dock was projected
in 1875 by a company with large capital.

ALLOWAY, quoad sacra parish, with
church, 2f miles south of Ayr. It is in-
tersected by the river Doon ; and it com-
prises, on the right side, an old parish of
Alio way, which became annexed to Ayr ;
on the left side, part of the parish of May-
bole. Pop. of the Ayr part, 486 ; of the
Maybole part, 421. The new church was
erected in 1858. The old church, which
served for the old civil parish, stands in
the near vicinity of the new, is a small,
plain, roofless ruin, and has much celebrity
as the scene of the fiend revelry in Burns'

ALM

10

ALV

Tarn o' Shanter. The ' Auld Brig o' Doon, '
figuring also in Tarn o' Shanter, a new-
bridge erected since Burns' time, a cyclo-
style monument to Burns, erected in 1820,
and a neat inn, called Burns', are in the
same vicinity : and Burns' cottage, where
the poet was born, is about f mile to the
north, and was purchased in September
1880 for £4000, to be converted into a
Burns' museum.

ALMAGILL, hill, with ancient Caledonian
camp and extensive view, in Dalton parish,
Dumfriesshire.

ALMERICLOSS, seat in St. Yigeans
parish, Forfarshire.

ALMOND, river, running 25 miles north-
eastward to Firth of Forth, between Lin-
lithgowshire and Edinburghshire.

ALMOND, river, running 22 miles east-
ward to the Tay, at2|miles north of Perth.

ALMOND BANK, village on the Almond,
4 miles north-west of Perth. It has a
post office under Perth, and a railway
station. Pop. 317.

ALMOND CASTLE, ruined grand edifice
on the left side of the Avon, 5J miles
east-south-east of Falkirk. It dates from
the time of James in., and was often held
for the crown by the Earls of Linlithgow.

ALMONDDALE. See Amondell.

ALNESS, river, town, and parish in
east side of Boss-shire. The river runs
14 miles eastward and south-eastward to
Cromarty Firth, at about 10 miles north-
north-east of Dingwall, and it forms the
boundary between Alness and Bosskeen
parishes. — The town stands on the river,
near its mouth, adjacent to the Highland
Kailway ; consists of Alness proper, in
Alness parish, and Alness Bridge or
Bridgend of Alness, in Bosskeen parish,
and has a post office, with money order
and telegraph departments, under Inver-
ness, a railway station, a banking office,
an Established church, a Free church,
and 2 public schools. Pop. of Alness
proper, about 202 ; of Alness Bridge, 942.
— The parish measures about 20 miles in
length, and about 5 miles in mean breadth.
Beal property in 1880-81, £8531. Pop.1033.
The tract adjacent to the firth is mostly
flat, arable, and embellished ; but the other
parts are hilly or mountainous, and exten-
sively barren. Novar House, in the lower
part, is a fine feature ; and 2 lakes and Ault-
grande burn richly diversify the uplands.
There are 3 schools for 191 scholars, and 2 of
them and an enlargement for 131 are new.

ALNWICK LODGE, collier village in
Irvine parish, Ayrshire.

ALTACHOYLACHAN, burn in Glenlivet,
Banffshire. The battle of 1594, commonly
called the battle of Glenlivet, was fought
on its banks.

ALTANDOW, hamlet in Lochbroom
parish, Boss-shire. It has a public school
with about 86 scholars.

ALTASS, place 4£ miles from Invershin,
on south border of Sutherland. It has a
post office under Ardgay.

ALTAVAIG, low, flat islet, with site of
ancient chapel, off north-east coast of Skye.

ALTBEA, place, with pleasant small bay,
on east side of Loch Ewe, Boss -shire.

ALTDOURAN, romantic glen in Leswalt
parish, Wigtonshire.

ALTENS, fishing harbour in Nigg parish,
Kincar din eshire.

ALTIMARLACH, burn, entering Wick
river 3 miles west of Wick, Caithness.
The notable conflict between the Campbells
and the Sinclairs, in 1680, was fought on
its banks.

ALTMORE, hill-ridge, 5 miles south-
south-east of Buckie, Banffshire.

ALTMORE, burn, entering the Isla 1|
mile east of Keith, Banffshire.

ALTNABREAC, place with post office
under Wick, and with railway station, 274-
miles west-south-west of Wick, Caithness.

ALTNACH, affluent of the Aven, near
Tomantoul, Banffshire.

ALTNAHARRA, place near head of Loch
Naver, 21 miles north of Lairg, Sutherland.
It has a post office under Lairg, an inn,
and a Free church.

ALTNARIE, upland affluent of the Find-
horn, with grand cascade, in Ardclach
parish, Nairnshire.

ALTON, village in Loudoun parish,
Ayrshire.

ALTRIVE, farm, 1|- mile south-east of
foot of St. Mary's Loch, Selkirkshire. It
was the last residence of Hogg, the Ettrick
Shepherd.

ALTYRE, old parish, now part of Baff ord,
Elginshire. Altyre mansion here is the
seat of Sir William G. Cumming, Bart. ;
and Altyre burn is a head-stream of Forres
river.

ALVA, town and parish forming detached
part of Stirlingshire. The town stands on
low flat ground, at terminus of branch
railway, adjacent to acclivities of the
Ochil Hills, 7 miles east-north-east of
Stirling ; extends about f mile across the
entrance of a romantic glen of its own
name ; carries on woollen manufacture,
and has a post office, with money order
and telegraph departments, under Stirling,
2 banking offices, a town hall, Estab-
lished, Free, and United Presbyterian
churches, and a public school of 1876, with
accommodation for more than 700 scholars.
Pop. 4961. — The parish measures about 4^
by 2J miles, and comprises 5458 acres.
Beal property in 1880-81, £13,971. Pop.
5113. The southern part is low and fertile,
and the other parts are a portion of the
Ochils, enclosing Alva Glen. That glen is
a cul de sac about 3 miles long ; contains
the mansion and grounds of Alva House ;
exhibits striking features of ravine, cliff,
and waterfall ; and is overhung at the
head by Bencleuch, the loftiest of the
Ochils. There are 4 schools, with ac-
commodation for 934 scholars.

ALV AH, parish on north-east border of
Banffshire, midway between Banff and
Turriff. Post town, Banff. Length and

ALY 11

greatest breadth, each about 6 miles ;
area, 11,488 acres. Keal property in
1880-81, £9712. Pop., quoad civilia, 1356;
quoad sacra, 1187. The river Deveron
traces most of the north-eastern boundary,
and traverses there a romantic chasm
spanned by a noble bridge. Much of the
land adjacent to the river is alluvial, but
much of the rest is hilly, and part of it
barren. There are 2 public schools,
one of them for females only, and they
have about 52 and 49 scholars.

ALVES, hamlet and parish in north-west
of Elginshire. The hamlet lies 5| miles
west of Elgin, and has a post office under
Forres, and a railway station. The parish
includes about a mile of coast, and is about
6j miles long and 5| miles broad. Acres,
9404. Eeal property in 1880-81, £8992.
Pop. 1117. The surface presents a pleasant
diversity of dale and hill. The Knock,
on the east border, is crowned by a modern
tower, commands an extensive view, and
is traditionally associated with the story
of Macbeth and the witches. The churches
are Established and Free ; and the public
school is a new building, with accommoda-
tion for 200 scholars.

ALVIE, parish in Badenoch district,
Inverness-shire. It contains the post office
of Lynwilg, under Aviemore, and the rail-
way station of Kincraig. Its extreme
length is upwards of 20 miles, and its
area is 86,618 acres. Eeal property in
1880-81, £8561. Pop. 707. The surface
is bisected by the Spey, includes part of
that river's strath, averagely about 650 feet
above sea-level, and extends on one side
to one of the loftiest summits of the
Central Grampians, on the other side to
mountain summits considerably lower.
Loch Alvie, in the strath, measures about
3 miles in circuit ; and Tor Alvie, adjacent
to that lake, is a lofty crag surmounted
by a monumental cairn. Other chief
features are Kinrara, a seat of the Duke
of Richmond ; and Belleville, built by
' Ossian ' Macpherson, on site of an ancient
stronghold of the Comyns. The churches
are Established and Free ; and the public
school is a new building, with accommoda-
tion for 150 scholars.

ALYTH, town on east border of Perth-
shire, and parish, partly also on west
border of Forfarshire. The town stands
on a burn of its own name, at terminus of
branch railway, 5£ miles north-west of
Alyth Junction and 5 north-east of Blair-
gowrie, carries on woollen and linen
manufacture, and has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
under Meigle, 3 banking offices, an
Established Norman church of 1839,
Free, United Presbyterian, and Episcopal
churches, and 2 public schools with
about 238 scholars. Pop. 2377. — The
parish is about 15 miles long, and com-
prises 19,972 acres in Perthshire, and
3324 in Forfarshire. Eeal property in
1880-81 of the Perthshire part, £23,766 ; of

AND

the Forfarshire part, £1296. Pop. 3521.
A tract of about 15 square miles is. part of
Strathmore, low and fertile, and the other
tracts ascend thence toward the Grampians,
and are variously cultivated ground, moor,
moss, and mountain. Chief objects are
Mount Blair Mountain, King's Seat Hill,
Sir James H. Earn say's seat of Bamff
House, Balhary and Jordanstone mansions,
Inverquiech Castle ruins, and a notable
Pictish entrenchment. There are 4
schools for 562 scholars, and one of them,
for 300, is new.

ALYTH JUNCTION, railway station, 24J
miles north-east of Perth.

AMISFIELD, village, 5 miles north-east
of Dumfries. It has a post office under
Dumfries, and a railway station. Amisfield
House and Tower stand in the vicinity, and
the latter is a remarkably interesting old
baronial fortalice.

AMISFIELD, a seat of the Earl of
Wemyss, on the Tyne, about a mile east
of Haddington.

AMONDELL, seat of the Earl of Buchan,
on Almond river, in Uphall parish,
Linlithgowshire.

AMPLE, stream, running northward to
head of Loch Earn, Perthshire. It makes
a fine cascade adjacent to Edinample
House.

AMULREE, village, on river Bran, 10 miles
south-west of Dunkeld, Perthshire. It
has a post office under Dunkeld, an inn, a
quoad sacra parish church for a pop. of 458,
a Free church station, and a public school.

ANCRUM, village and parish, near centre
of Eoxburghshire. The village stands on
Ale river, near Ancrum bridge, on the
Teviot, 3| miles north-north-west of
Jedburgh ; is near the site of an ancient
Caledonian fort ; had a monastery of the
time of David I. and a large establishment
of the knights of Malta, and now has a
post office under Jedburgh, an ancient
cross, a parochial church, a Free church,
and a public school with about 144 scholars.
Pop. 430. — The parish is 6 miles long,
and comprises 10,295 acres. Eeal property
in 1880-81, £15,586. Pop. 1360. The
surface is pleasantly diversified, and in-
cludes considerable eminences, but is
nowhere hilly. The river Teviot traces
all the south-eastern boundary, and the
Ale runs through the centre, and has a
reach of rocky banks pierced with numer-
ous artificial caves. Ancrum Moor, on
the north-east border, was the scene of a
battle between the Scotch and the English
in 1545. Ancrum House, in vicinity of
the village, is the seat of Sir "William
Scott, Bart. , and was a fine old baronial
mansion, but suffered such utter destruc-
tion by fire in 1873 as to require being
rebuilt. Chesters House, on the Teviot,
is another fine seat.

ANDERSTON, south-western suburb of
Glasgow. It lies averagely about a mile
west-south-west of the Eoyal Exchange, is
bounded by St. Yincent Street, Macalpine

AND

12

AND

Street, the river Clyde, and Finnieston ;
extends about 3| furlongs from north to
south, and about 5 furlongs from east to
west ; embraces an important section of
the harbour; contains many factories,
foundries, and. other industrial establish-
ments, and presents for the most part
a dingy appearance, very different from
that of adjacent places. It was originally
a weavers' village, founded in 1725 ; it
became a considerable town, with the
status of a burgh of barony ; it was long
separated from the outskirts of Glasgow
by a wide rural tract, and it was even-
tually overtaken and engirt by the city's
westward extension, and included in Glas-
gow municipal burgh. It has tramway
communication with all parts of the city,
and it contains several ornamental
churches, a number of other churches,
and a very large public school. Pop. of
Anderston quoad sacra parish, 7273; of
registration district, 38,753.

ANDREW (ST.), parish, with Established
and Free churches, in New Town of Edin-
burgh. Pop. 2963.

ANDREW (ST.), parish, with Established
and Free churches, in east of Glasgow.
Pop. quoad sacra, 5221.

ANDREWS (ST.), city and parish on east
coast of Fife. The city stands at terminus
of branch railway, 45 miles north-by-east
of Edinburgh ; ranks as a royal and
parliamentary burgh, a university town,
a nominal seaport, and a fashionable
summer resort ; occupies a rocky plateau
about 50 feet above sea-level ; overlooks a
wide unsheltered expansion of the Eden's
estuary, called St. Andrews Bay ; adjoins
a large extent of links or downs, famous
for the game of golf ; looks landward over
a low, flat, fertile country, screened at
some miles' distance by gentle hills, and
presents a striking appearance as seen at
a little distance, and a very suggestive
one as seen within its own thoroughfares.
It dates from about the Culdee times ; it
got its name of St. Andrews from a fiction
that some bones of the Apostle Andrew
were' brought to it by an ancient ecclesi-
astic; it figured long and powerfully as
the Canterbury of Scotland ; it was the
scene of martyrdoms, commotions, and
events of national import in the times of
the Reformation ; it figured also in politi-
cal matters of the highest consequence at
various periods, from that of Robert Bruce
till that of James VI. ; it passed eventually
into prolonged neglect and decay, till most
of its historical splendour became lost in
mere ruins and memory, and it underwent
such modern revival as has rendered it a
pleasant and prosperous resort of literary
men, students, wealthy annuitants, and
summer residents.

The town comprises regular, well-built
thoroughfares, 3 principal old streets,
and a number of handsome modern ex-
tensions ; includes great public buildings,
and grand, picturesque, historical ruins ;

has a head post office with all departments,
4 banking offices, 3 hotels, and a number
of boarding and educational estab-
lishments, and publishes 2 weekly news-
papers. The old town hall has been
renovated, and contains curious relics.
The new town hall was erected in 1858-59,
and is well suited for public assemblies.
The Martyrs' Monument was erected in
1842, and is 45 feet high. Trinity Church,
erected in 12th century, was the scene of
some of John Knox's heaviest blows at
Romanism, and underwent repair in 1798.
St. Leonard's Church was originally St.
Salvator's Chapel, erected in 15th century,
and contains a magnificent monument of
its founder, Bishop Kennedy. Other
churches are Free, United Presbyterian,
Congregational, Baptist, and Episcopalian.
The University Library was erected in
1764, on the site of a parliament house.
St. Mary's College was founded in 1537,
forms two sides of a quadrangle, and is
used for only the divinity classes. The
United College comprises St. Salvator's,
founded in 1455, St. Leonard's, founded in
1512, united in 1747 ; forms also two sides
of a quadrangle, and is entered by an
archway through the basement of a lofty
steeple. The number of matriculated
students in 1880 was 187. The Madras
College, for secondary education, was
erected in 1832, comprises an open quad-
rangle, and has accommodation for more
than 1000 pupils. 4 other schools are
in the burgh, and the 5 have aggregately
accommodation for 2008 scholars. The
Castle was erected towards the end of
14th century, succeeded a previous strong
structure of about the beginning of the
13th century, served as both a fortress and
a palace, was destroyed in connection with
the events of the Reformation, and is now
represented chiefly by a tower and part of
a wall. The Cathedral was founded in
1162, completed in 1318, and destroyed in
1559, was a cruciform edifice of 370 feet
from east to west and 180 feet from
north to south, and is now represented
by only the east end, half of the west
end, and part of the south walls. St.
Rule's Chapel is one of the oldest
ecclesiastical structures in Scotland, and,
though long a ruin, still shows a well-
preserved portion of a very small church,
with a tower 108 feet high. The Augus-
tine Monastery, long one of the grandest in
Europe, is now almost entirely extinct. The
Dominican Monastery is still represented
by a fine fragment of arched roof. St.
Andrews unites with 6 other Fife burghs
in sending a member to Parliament. A
railway to Anstruther was begun to be
formed in 1881. Pop. of the parliamen-
tary burgh, 6452.

The parish excludes the St. Leonards
part of the town, but includes Strath-
kinness and Boarhills villages, and it
measures 9 miles in length and less than
3 miles in greatest breadth. Acres, 11,482.

AND

13

ANS

Real property of landward part in 1880-81,
£25,250. Pop., quoad civilia, 7829; quoad
sacra, 6709. The river and estuary of
Eden form the northern boundary ; the
coast thence to the city is firm sandy
beach, skirted by the famous links, and
the coast thence to the southern boundary
is mostly rugged and rocky. Much of the
interior is low flat land, and the rest is
mostly low hill or moor. The seats are
numerous. 3 schools, with accom-
modation for 395 scholars, serve for the
landward parts of both this parish and
St. Leonards.

ANDREWS (ST.), parish on east side of
Pomona, Orkney. It extends from the
eastern boundary of Kirkwall parish to
the sea, includes the islands of Copinshay
and Kirkholm, and has an area of about
13 square miles. Post town, Kirkwall.
Eeal property in 1880-81, £2063. Pop.
1695. The land is mostly flat, but has
diversities of surface, and rises nowhere
higher than about 350 feet. The coast
includes both sandy beach and precipitous
rock, and has a large sea cavern. The
churches are Established and Free. St.
Andrews and Deerness parishes are in
some respects united, and they have 3 new
public schools for 290 scholars.

ANDREWS-LHANBRYDE (ST.), village
and parish in Elginshire. The village
stands 4 miles south-east of Elgin, and has
a post office, of the name of Lhanbryde,
under Elgin. Pop. 294. The parish contains
also a small suburb of, Elgin. Acres, 9197.
Eeal property in 1880-81, £7894. Pop. 1396.
The land is a plain diversified with small
hills, and has mostly a sandy but fertile
soil. There are 3 schools for 258 scholars.

ANDUNTY, lake in Petty parish, Inver-
ness-shire.

ANGELS HILL, eminence, with small
cairn and small stone circle, in Iona Island,
Argyleshire.

ANGUS, Forfarshire.

ANKER VILLE, village in Nigg parish,
Ross-shire.

ANNAN, river, town, and parish in
Annandale, Dumfriesshire. The river
rises among the Hartfell Mountains, runs
about 30 miles southward to the upper
part of the Solway Firth ; receives Evan,
Moffat, Kinnel, Dryfe, Milk, and Mein
waters, and is notable for both the
kinds and the qualities of its fish. — The
town stands on the river about a mile
from the Solway, and on the Glasgow and
South-Western and the Solway Junction
Railways, 15J miles south-east of Dumfries;
ranks as a royal and parliamentary burgh,
covers ground which may have been
occupied by a Roman station, was an
important post of the Romanized Britons
and of their successors till the time of
William the Lion, made a great figure in
the wars of the Succession and in the
Border forays, had a grand strong castle
of Robert Bruce and military defences of
wall and fosse ; is now a well-built town

of modern aspect, has a head post office
with all departments, 2 railway stations,
3 banking offices, a chief hotel, a fine
town hall of 1878, a new water supply of
1881, a steepled Established church, Free
and United Presbyterian churches, Con-
gregational, Episcopalian, and Roman
Catholic chapels, 2 large public schools,
and a mechanics' institute ; and unites
with Dumfries, Lochmaben, Sanquhar,
and Kirkcudbright in sending a member
to Parliament. Real property in 1880-81,
exclusive of railways, £10,805. Pop.
of parliamentary burgh, 3368. — The parish
contains also the village of Annan- Water-
foot, and part of the village of Bridekirk,
and is 8 miles long. Acres, 10,915. Real
property of landward part in 1880-81,
£15,801. Pop., quoad civilia, 5516; quoad
sacra, 4936. The coast is flat and tame,
but the interior is diversified by swells,
3 low parallel ridges, and 3 small
hills. The seats are Mount Annan,
Warmanbie, and Northfield. The town
public schools are the quondam aca-
demy and 2 parochial, with about 140
and 29 scholars ; and the landward schools
are 2, with accommodation for 302 scholars.

ANNANDALE, basin of river Annan. . It
begins with a mountain glen about 5 miles
long, forms then the vast hollow of the
Deil's Beef-Tub, and is thence to the
firth a beautiful, fertile, hill-screened
valley, called the How of Annandale,
partly from 15 to 18 miles wide. It con-
tained strong posts of the Romans ; be-
came the property and lordship of the
royal Bruces, passed to the Earl of Moray,
the Earls of Dunbar, and the Earls of
Douglas, and gave the title of earl from
1643, and of marquis from 1701 till 1792,
to the Johnstones.

ANNAN-WATERFOOT, port of Annan
town, at mouth of Annan river.

ANNAT, place, with public school, in
Kilchrenan parish, Argyleshire.

ANNAT, small affluent of the Teith, near
Doune, Perthshire. It has numerous
cascades.

ANNBANK, town, 5 miles east-by-north
of Ayr. It has a post office, with money
order department, under Kilmarnock, a
railway station, and an Established
church. Pop. 1309.

ANNICK, river, running about 14 miles
south-westward to the Irvine, near Irvine
town, Ayrshire.

ANNICK LODGE, place, with public
school, in Irvine parish, Ayrshire.

ANNIESLAND, village in Renfrew parish,
Renfrewshire. Pop. 440.

ANNISTON, seat in Inverkeilor parish,
Forfarshire.

ANN'S BRIDGE (ST. ), picturesque locality
on Kinnel river, 13 miles north-north-east
of Dumfries.

ANOCH, place near head of Glenmoris-
ton, Inverness-shire.

ANSTRUTHER, seaport town and 2
parishes on south-east coast of Fife.

ANT

14

ARA

The town stands at terminus of the
East of Fife Kailway, 23f miles east-north-
east of Kirkcaldy ; comprises the royal
burgh of Anstruther-Wester, the royal
burgh of Anstruther - Easter, and the
suburb of Cellardyke, or main part of the
royal burgh of Kilrenny ; forms one con-
tinuous town, with slender breadth, along
the coast ; has a head post office with
money order and telegraph departments,
3 banking offices, a town hall of 1872,
elaborate harbour works begun in 1866,
and costing upwards of £60,000 till 1874,
a notable and very ancient Established
church, another Established church,
Free, United Presbyterian, Evangelical
Union, and Baptist churches, a public
school with about 340 scholars, and 3
other public schools; figures notably in
Dr. Tennant's Anster Fair, and was the
birth-place of Maggie Lauder and the
Rev. Dr. Chalmers. A railway to St.
Andrews was begun to be formed in 1881.
The burghs unite with 4 other Fife
burghs in sending a member to Parliament.
Pop. of Anstruther-Wester, 594 ; of An-
struther-Easter, 1349 ; of Kilrenny, 2769.
■ — The parishes are Anstruther-Wester and
Anstruther-Easter. Acres, 911 and 25.
Real property in 1880-81 of landward part
of Anstruther-Wester, £1664. Pop. of all
Anstruther-Wester, 683.

ANTERMONY, hamlet and seat in
Campsie parish, Stirlingshire.

ANTONINUS' WALL, quondam Roman
rampart, from Carriden on Firth of Forth
to a point near Old Kilpatrick on the
Clyde. It was nearly 36| miles long. It
comprised a wall 24 feet thick and 20 feet
high, and a north-side fosse 40 feet wide
and 20 feet deep. It had 3 forts at
each end, and 15 forts at regular in-
termediate distances, and it has yielded
many interesting relics, but has left very
few and slight vestiges in situ.

ANWOTH, village and parish on south-
west seaboard of Kirkcudbrightshire.
The village stands on the Fleet opposite
Gatehouse, and is suburban to that town.
Pop. 337. — The parish includes the pen-
insula between Fleet Bay and Wigton
Bay, and is about miles long. Acres,
11,774. Real property in 1880-81, £6797.
Pop. 728. The coast is mostly flat, but
partly rocky, and has 2 large caves.
The interior is tumulated in the south
and centre, and bold and barren in the
north. The seats are Cardoness, Ardwall,
Kirkclauch, and Rusco. The present
parochial church is modern, and contains
400 sittings. The previous church, a
barn-like building, was served by the
celebrated Samuel Rutherford, and is still
standing. A granite obelisk to Ruther-
ford's memory was erected in 1842,
destroyed by lightning in 1847, and rebuilt
in 1851, and makes a conspicuous figure on
a neighbouring hill. A United Presby-
terian church is in the village, but takes
designation from Gatehouse. There are

3 schools for 235 scholars, and one of
them, for 70, is new.

APP, stream of Glenapp, Ballantrae
parish, Ayrshire. It runs south-westward
to Loch Ryan.

APPIN, village and quoad sacra parish
in north of Argyleshire. The village
stands on a bay of its own name on south-
east side of Loch Linnhe, 12 miles north-
north-east of Oban, and has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, under Fort-William. — The parish
was constituted in 1868 ; is part of an old
parish of Appin, now united to Lismore ;
measures about 18 miles by 12, and ex-
hibits much diversity and picturesqueness
of landscape. Pop. 762. Appin House,
on the coast, is a fine mansion. ' A land
that was famous of yore, the land of
green Appin,' is sung in Hogg's ballad,
entitled, 'The Stuarts of Appin.' The
churches are Established and Free, and
the public school has about 87 scholars.

APPIN, vale on left side of the Tay,
near Aberfeldy, Perthshire.

APPIN, hill, with large cairn, in Tynron
parish, Dumfriesshire.

APPIN, estate in Dunfermline parish,Fif e.
APPLEBY, lake in Glasserton parish,
Wigtonshire.

APPLEGROSS, hamlet, vale, and parish
on south-west coast of Ross-shire. The
hamlet lies on a bay of its own name, 14
miles north-by-west of Kyleakin ; has a
post office under Dingwall, an Established
church, a Free church, and a public school
with about 83 scholars, and had anciently
a Culdee cell, followed by a famous
Romish church, now represented by a
curiously-sculptured small obelisk. The
vale lies around the hamlet, and is over-
hung by lofty sandstone mountains with
grand views. The parish includes Kis-
horn, Oroulin, and Ba islands, and
measures on the mainland about 20 miles
by 20. Real property in 1880-81, £4415.
Pop., quoad civilia, 2354; quoad, sacra,
949. The surface, with small exception,
is mountainous and bleak. There are 10
schools for 476 scholars, and 8 of them,
for 383, are new.

APPLEGARTH,parish, containing Nether-
cleugh and Dinwoodie railway stations,
in centre of Annandale, Dumfriesshire.
Post town, Lockerby. Length, about 6
miles ; greatest breadth, about 5 miles ;
area, 11,869 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £11,979. Pop. 969. The river
Annan traces all the western boundary,
and the Dryfe traverses the interior.
More than half of the land is low plain,
and the rest is hilly. Jardine Hall, the
seat of Sir Alexander Jardine, Bart., is a
chief feature ; and Balgray and Hook are
other mansions. There are 2 public
schools, with about 105 scholars.

APPLETREE HALL, village in Wilton
parish, Roxburghshire.

ARASAIG, village and district on south-
west coast of Inverness-shire. The village

ARA

15

ARB

stands on north side of Loch-na-Gaul,
near the sea, about 30 miles south of
Kyleakin ; is regularly called at by
steamers, and has a post office, with money
order department, under Fort-William, a
large inn, an Established mission church,
a Free church preaching-station, a Roman
Catholic church with 600 sittings, and a
Roman Catholic school. The district is
bounded on the north by Loch Morar, on
the south by Loch Aylort, and is mostly
mountainous and sterile.

ARAY, rivulet, running 9 miles south-
ward to Loch Fyne, in vicinity of Inverary,
Argyleshire. It traverses a romantic
glen, and makes 2 fine cascades.

ARBEADIE, village in Banchory-Ternan
parish, Kincardineshire. Pop. 302.

ARBIGLAND, seat in Kirkbean parish,
Kirkcu dbrightshire.

ARBIRLOT, village and parish on east
coast of Forfarshire. The village stands
on Elliot rivulet, 3 miles west-south-west
of Arbroath, and has a post office under
Arbroath. The parish contains also Bon-
nington village, and is about 4 miles long.
Acres, 6747. Real property in 1880-81,
£13,224. Pop. 822. The coast is flat
and sandy, and the interior undulates or
gradually rises,but is nowhere hilly. Kelly
Castle is a chief feature. The churches
are Established and Free, and the public
school is a new building, for 135 scholars.

ARBORY, conical hill, adjacent to the
Clyde, in Lamington parish, Lanarkshire.
It rises about 500 feet above the Clyde's
level, and has extensive rude antiquities,
apparently of the Caledonian times.

ARBROATH, town and parish on east
coast of Forfarshire. The town stands at
a junction of railways, opposite Bell Rock
lighthouse, 16-J miles east-north-east of
Dundee ; is a royal and parliamentary
burgh, a head port, and a seat of manu-
facture ; made a great figure throughout
the Middle Ages in connection with a
grand abbey, but has figured little in civil
history, and is the ' Fairport ' of Sir
Walter Scott's Antiquary. It has a head
post office with all departments, 5
banking offices, 3 hotels, a town hall,
public reading-rooms, a public library, a
museum, public baths, an infirmary, 5
Established churches, 5 Free churches,
3 United Presbyterian churches, and
Original Secession, Congregational, Evan-
gelical Union, Baptist, Wesleyan, and
Roman Catholic churches, and a number
of public schools and other institutions.
It contains some well-built streets and
handsome public buildings, and has under-
gone much recent improvement, yet shows
less attractiveness than many other British
towns of its size. Its abbey, though now
a fragmentary ruin, is still its most strik-
ing feature, was founded in 1178 by
William the Lion, stood within a wall-
engirt area of 1150 by 706 feet, had a
cruciform church measuring 270 feet from
east to west and 132 feet from north to

south, and now exhibits in its ruins
beautiful blendings of Norman and early
pointed architecture. The town hall is a
neat edifice of 1806. The market-place
was erected in 1856, at a cost of about
£5000. The public baths were projected
in September 1880. The burgh church in
the Romish times disappeared after the
Reformation, and remains of it were
found in the course of improving the har-
bour in 1877. The present burgh church
was erected in 1791, acquired an elegant
steeple in 1830, and contains 1690 sittings.
St. Margaret's Established Church was
erected in 1879, at a cost of about £6000,
and contains 1000 sittings. Several of
the other churches are recent and good.
15 schools, for 3421 scholars, are in the
burgh, and 3 of them, for 1660, are
new. A public park adjacent to the north-
eastern boundary was projected in 1876.
The harbour is artificial, and a dock on it
was completed in September 1877, cost
nearly £40,000, and has an area of
2| acres, a quayage of 1313 feet, and a
depth of 17|- feet at ordinary spring tides.
The shipping in 1879 comprised 281 British
vessels, of 27,409 tons, and 35 foreign
vessels, of 5404 tons, inwards ; and 274
British vessels, of 25,836 tons, and 32
foreign vessels, of 4928 tons, outwards.
The parliamentary burgh unites with
Montrose, Forfar, Brechin, and Bervie in
sending a member to Parliament. Real
property in 1880-81, exclusive of railways,
£79,185. Pop. of parliamentary burgh,
21,758. — The parish includes less than
half of the town, the rest of which is in
St. Vigeans. Acres, 943. Real property
of landward part in 1880-81, £1420. Pop. ,
quoad civilia, 9466; quoad sacra, 4706. The
parts of it and of St. Vigeans outside the
burgh are under one board, and have
school accommodation for 427 scholars.

ARBROATH AND DUNDEE RAILWAY.
See Dundee and Arbroath Railway.

ARBROATH AND FORFAR RAILWAY,
railway from Arbroath harbour north-
westward and west - north - westward to
Guthrie Junction, and westward thence to
Forfar. It is 15i miles long, and rises 220
feet ; it was completed in 1839, at a cost of
£131,644 ; it became amalgamated with the
Aberdeen Railway, and through that with
the Caledonian, and the dividend for it
was arranged in 1876 to stand at 6 per
cent, till 1879, and become permanently
5| in 1880.

ARBROATH AND MONTROSE RAIL-
WAY, railway from junction with the
North British system at Arbroath north-
ward along the coast to Montrose. It was
undertaken in 1871, was, with some local
exception, not commenced till early part
of 1879, was partially opened for goods
traffic in October 1880, and cost, till near
that time, £219,398. It goes almost due
north to Lunan Bay, proceeds thence on
the coast all the way to Ferryden, circles
thence across the South Esk to back of

AEB

16

ARD

Montrose High Street, sends off a branch,
about a mile long, into junction with
Montrose and Bervie Kail way, and proceeds
about 3 miles north-westward into junction
with the Caledonian. Three viaducts are
on it near Lunan Bay ; an elaborate cutting,
about a mile long, conveys it past Ferryden ;
two viaducts, costing about £8000 and
£18,000, take it across the two arms of the
South Esk; and a plot of 33 acres, re-
claimed from Montrose lagoon by means
of a lofty sea-wall, fully a mile long, is
partly occupied by its Montrose station.

ARBUTHNOT, parish midway between
Fordoun and Bervie, Kincardineshire. It
has a post office under Fordoun. Its length
is 5 miles ; its area 9585 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £9767. Pop. 809.
The surface is a very diversified assemblage
of vale and hill, and rises nowhere higher
than about 650 feet. The mansions are
Arbuthnot House and Kair, and the former
is the seat of Viscount Arbuthnot. The
public school has room for 109 scholars.

ARCHAIG, lake in Glenarchaig, Inver-
ness-shire. It measures about 10 miles in
length and about f mile in mean breadth,
and reaches to vicinity of Great Glen ; it
describes, from head to foot, the segment
of a circle, it is overhung by lofty peaked
mountains, and it has a wooded islet con-
taining the burial-place of the Lochiel
family.

ARCHERBECK, burn, running to the
Liddel, in Canonbie parish, Dumfriesshire.

ARCHERFIELD, seat in Dirleton parish,
Haddingtonshire .

ARCHIESTON, village in Knockando
parish, Elginshire. It has a post office
under Craigellachie. Pop. 375.

ARCLET, gloomy small lake on north-
west border of Stirlingshire, between
Inversnaid and Loch Katrine.

ARD, lake on south-west verge of Perth-
shire, skirted by road from Aberfoyle to
Inversnaid. It is divided by a gorge into
two lakes, larger and smaller ; it measures
about 4 miles in length, and from 3 to 9
furlongs in breadth; it shares much of
the grandest mountain scenery of Lochs
Katrine and Lomond; it presents views
ranging from the beautiful to the sublime ;
it contains an islet crowned with a ruined
castle of Murdoch, Duke of Albany ; and
it has on its shores a number of ornate
residences.

ARDALANISH, headland near south-
west extremity of Mull Island, Argyleshire.

ARDALLIE, quoad sacra parish in north-
east of Aberdeenshire. It comprises parts
of Cruden, Ellon, Longside, and Old Deer.
It has a public school with about 130
scholars, and its post town is Mintlaw.
Pop. 1258.

ARDARGIE, estate, with well-preserved
small Roman camp, in Forgandenny parish,
Perthshire.

ARDARUNAR, headland on west coast of
North Uist, Outer Hebrides.

ARDAVASAR. See Ardvarsae.

ARDBEG, headland, forming west horn
of Rothesay Bay, Bute Island.

ARDBLAIR, lake and old seat in Blair-
gowrie parish, Perthshire.

ARDCARNICH, place, 5| miles south-
south-east of Ullapool, Ross-shire.

ARDCHADUILL, promontory in Loch-
broom parish, Ross-shire.

ARDCHATTAN, parish in Lorn district,
Argyleshire. It is bisected by Loch Etive,
comprises Ardchattan proper on the north,
and Muckairn on the south, includes Eriska
and Duirnish Islands, is traversed by the
Callander and Oban Railway, and its post
town is Taynuilt, under Oban. It measures
more than 40 miles in length and about
10 miles in mean breadth. Real property
in 1880-81, £15,191. Pop., quoad civilia,
2001 ; quoad sacra, 1386. — Ardchattan
proper is remarkably mountainous, and
consists very largely of rugged alpine
masses, and great wastes of moor and
moss, yet includes charming varieties of
fertile plain, pleasant valley, and wooded
hill. Muckairn contains some lofty ground,
yet is comparatively low. Ardchattan
Priory, on Loch Etive, 4 miles north-west
of Taynuilt, was founded in 1231, is notable
for a national council held in it by Robert
Bruce, had a cruciform church with central
tower, and has left some interesting re-
mains. Ardchattan House, originally the
prior's residence, is now a modernized
massive mansion. Other seats are Loch-
nell, Barcaldine, Inverawe, and Drimvuick,
and a notable antiquity is the alleged vestige
of the Dalriadan city Berigonium. The
churches are 2 Established and 2 Free,
and the public schools are 4, with about
279 scholars

ARDCHULLARIE. See Ardhullary.

ARDCLACH, hamlet and parish in Nairn-
shire. The hamlet lies on Findhorn river,
9 miles south-south-east of Nairn, and has
a post office under Forres. The parish
measures about 11 miles by 1\. Real
property in 1880-81, £6812. Pop. 1117.
The surface is sub-alpine, but includes low
tracts on the Findhorn. Coulmony House
is the only mansion ; and a sculptured
obelisk, similar to the Forres pillar, is the
chief antiquity. The churches are Estab-
lished and Free. There are 4 schools for
233 scholars, and one of them, for 50, is
new.

ARDEER, town, with extensive iron-
works, suburban to Stevenston, Ayrshire.
Pop. included in Stevenston.

ARDELISTER, islets in Kildalton parish,
Islay, Argyleshire.

ARDELVE, hamlet in Lochbroom parish,
Ross-shire. It has a post office under
Lochalsh, and a public school.

ARDEN, suburb of Airdrie, Lanarkshire.
Pop. 294.

ARDEN, seat of Sir James Lumsden, on
Loch Lomond, 1\ miles north-north-west
of Dumbarton.

ARDENADAM, village on Holy Loch,
near Dunoon, Argyleshire.

ARD

17

ARD

ARDENCONNEL, seat in Eow parish,
Dumbartonshire.

ARDENTINNY, village on Loch Long, 5
miles north of Strone, Argyleshire. It has
a post office under Greenock, a hotel, and
a quoad sacra parish church for a pop. of
203 ; and it figures in a well-known song
of Tannahill.

ARDENTRIVE, bay in Kerrera Island,
opposite Oban, Argyleshire. Measures
were projected in 1880 for erecting on it
villas or a village, building a pier, and
instituting a steam ferry to Oban.

ARDEONAIG, village on Loch Tay, 8^
miles north-east of Killin, Perthshire. It
has an inn, a Free church, and a public
school.

ARDERSIER, parish on Moray Firth and
Highland Railway, in north-east corner
of Inverness - shire. It contains Fort-
George and most of Campbelton village,
and has a post office of its own name,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, under Fort-George Station. Acres,
3824. Real property in 1880-81, £4424.
Pop. 2086. The shore is flat and sandy,
and the interior rises, with various cha-
racter, to a border hill about 200 feet
high. The churches are Established, Free,
and United Presbyterian ; and there are
2 public schools with about 293 scholars.

ARDFERN, hamlet on upper part of
Loch Craignish, Argyleshire. It has a
post office under Lochgilphead.

ARDFINAIG, place at south-western ex-
tremity of Mull, opposite Iona, Argyleshire.

ARDGARTEN, small low peninsula, with
mansion, between Glencroe and Loch
Long, Argyleshire.

ARDGAY, village, adjacent to Highland
Railway, on northern verge of Ross-shire,
near Bonar Bridge. It has a head post
office with all departments, a commodious
inn, and a public school.

ARDGOUR, district in Argyleshire, and
quoad sacra parish, partly also in Inverness-
shire. The district is a peninsula between
Loch Eil and Loch Shiel, measures about
13 miles by 11, contains Ardgour House
near Corran Ferry, and has a post office of
its own name, with money order and tele-
graph departments, under Fort-William.
The parish is called Ballachulish and Ard-
gour. Pop. 749.

ARDGOWAN, seat of Sir Michael R. S.
Stewart, Bart., near Innerkip, Renfrew-
shire.

ARDGREENAN, seat in Tongland parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

ARDHULLARY, seat and two mountains
on east side of Loch Lubnaig, Perthshire.

ARDINCAPLE, a seat of Sir James
Colquhoun, Bart., formerly jointure-house
of the Dowager-Duchess of Argyle, adja-
cent to Gareloch, in vicinity of Helens-
burgh, Dumbartonshire.

ARDINCAPLE, seat on Seil Island,
Argyleshire.

ARDINNING, small lake in Strathblane
parish, Stirlingshire.

ARDKENNETH, place, with Roman
Catholic chapel, in northern part of South
Uist Island, Outer Hebrides.

ARDKINGLASS, seat and vestiges of
ancient castle on upper part of Loch
Fyne, near foot of Glenkinglass, Argyle-
shire.

ARDLAIR, place on north side, near foot
of Loch Maree, Ross-shire.

ARDLAMONT, headland, seat, and public
school between Kyles of Bute and mouth
of Loch Fyne, Argyleshire.

ARDLE, rivulet of Strathardle, running
13 miles south - south - eastward to the
Ericht, in Perthshire.

ARDLER, railway station, 18J miles
north-east of Perth.

ARDLISH, seat on east side of upper
part of Loch Lomond.

ARDLUI, steamboat station, seat, and
public school, at head of Loch Lomond.

ARDLUSSA, seat and streamlet in J ura
Island, Argyleshire.

ARDMADDY, a seat of the Earl of
Breadalbane on the coast, 10 miles south-
south-west of Oban, Argyleshire.

ARDMARNOCH, seat on Loch Fyne, in
Kilfinan parish, Argyleshire.

ARDMATTY, fort on east side, upper
part of Loch Etive, Argyleshire.

ARDMEANACH, large, broad - backed,
hilly peninsula between Cromarty Firth
and Moray Firth, Ross-shire.

ARDMELLIE, seat in Marnoch parish,
Banffshire.

ARDMICHAEL, headland on west coast
of South Uist Island, Outer Hebrides.

ARDMIDDLE, hill, and hamlet with
public school, in west of Turriff parish,
Aberdeenshire.

ARDMILE, headland on west coast of
South Uist Island, Outer Hebrides.

ARDMILLAN, seat, 1\ miles south-south-
west of Girvan, Ayrshire.

ARDMINISH, bay and headland on east
side of Gigha Island, Argyleshire.

ARDMORE, wooded peninsula, with seat,
on Firth of Clyde, between Dumbarton
and Helensburgh.

ARDMORE, bay, headland, and islets on
east side of Islay Island, Argyleshire.

ARDMORE, headland and bay at northern
extremity of Mull Island, Argyleshire.

ARDMORE, headland in Vaternish dis-
trict, Isle of Skye.

ARDMORE, harbour in Eddertoun
parish, Ross-shire.

ARDMUCKNISH, bay on north side of
Loch Etive, immediately within that loch's
mouth, Argyleshire.

ARDNAC ALLIO CH, promontory at east
end of Ulva, Argyleshire.

ARDNACROSS, bay and estate, 6 miles
north-east of Campbelton, Argyleshire.

ARDNAMURCHAN, hamlet, headland,
and district, Argyleshire, and parish,
partly also in Inverness-shire. The ham-
let lies on the coast, 7 miles by water
north-north-west of Tobermory, and has a
post office, with money order department,

ARD

18

ARD

under Fort-William, a parochial church
with 600 sittings, and a Free church. The
headland faces the Atlantic with salient
point, 4J miles north-west of the hamlet ;
exhibits a broad, bold, rugged appearance ;
forms the most westerly ground on main-
land of Scotland ; and is crowned with a
lighthouse showing a fixed light visible at
the distance of 18 nautical miles. The
district is a peninsula, extending eastward
from the headland; measures about 16
miles in length and about 4J miles in mean
breadth ; consists chiefly of very diversified
hills, rising nowhere higher than 1759 feet ;
and includes considerable skirts and inter-
spersions of good arable land. The parish
comprises also Sunart district in Argyle-
shire, and Moidart, Arasaig, and South
Morar districts, together with Shona
Island, in Inverness-shire. Its extreme
length, by any road, is about 70 miles, its
extreme breadth about 40 miles, Real
property in 1880-81 of the Argyleshire part,
£10,372; of the Inverness-shire part,£9512.
Pop. of the whole, quoad civilia, 4091 ;
quoad sacra, 2234. There are 9 schools
for 506 scholars, and 5 of them, for 249,
are new.

ARDNEIL, sea cliff at south-west ex-
tremity of West Kilbride parish, Ayr-
shire.

ARDNISH, headland at south-west end
of Coll Island, Argyleshire.

ARDNOE, headland at mouth of Loch
Crinan, Argyleshire.

ARDO, seat near the Dee in Banchory-
Devenick parish, Kincardineshire.

ARDOCH, parish, containing Braco and
Greenloaning villages, Perthshire. Acres,
22,127. Pop. 1102. The surface adjoins
the watershed between Strathallan and
Strathearn, and is drained by the Knaik
to Allan river. Ardoch House, and a
Roman camp within that mansion's
grounds, are chief features. The Roman
camp is the best preserved and most
notable in Great Britain ; has been the
subject of much controversy as to its
connection or non-connection with the
battle of 'Mons Grampus,' comprises 3
oblongs of 420 by 375, of 1060 by 900, and
of 2850 by 1590 feet ; underwent consider-
able damage by the formation of General
Wade's military roads, yet retains distinct
features of its original conformation, and
possesses additional interest in the exist-
ence, for miles around it, of remains or
traces of Caledonian forts or entrench-
ments. The churches are Established,
Free, and United Presbyterian ; and there
are 3 public schools for 215 scholars.

ARDQYNE, hill in Oyne parish, Aber-
deenshire.

ARDPATRICK, headland, seat, and
hamlet at south-western extremity of
Knapdale, Argyleshire. The hamlet has
a post office, with money order department,
under Greenock.

ARDRISHAIG, seaport town at entrance
of Crinan Canal, 2 miles south-south-west

of Lochgilphead, Argyleshire. It prospers
in connection with the canal traffic and
the herring fishery, and it has a post office,
with all departments, under Lochgilphead,
a hotel, a quoad sacra parish church, a Free
church, an Episcopalian church, and a
public school with about 160 scholars.
Pop. of quoad sacra parish, 1210.

ARDROSS, seat and post office, 4^ miles
north of Alness, Ross-shire. The seat is
modern and castellated, and the post
office is under Alness.

ARDROSS, ruined baronial fortalice on
the coast near Elie, Fife.
< ARDROSSAN, town and parish on north
side of Ayr Bay, Ayrshire. The town is a
police burgh, a head port, and a watering-
place ; stands on a branch of Glasgow and
South- Western Railway, 31J miles south-
west of Glasgow; includes a small low
promontory, long the site of ancient
hamlet, baronial castle, and parochial
church; was itself founded in 1806, with
design of being the chief out-port of
Glasgow; suffered such defeat of that
design as caused it to struggle slowly
toward importance ; consists of spacious,
well-built streets, a fine crescent, and
numerous villas ; contains the Earl of
Eglinton's seaside seat of the Pavilion ;
commands delightful views across the
waters of the Firth of Clyde ; is so near
Saltcoats as to render that town almost
conjoint with it; and has a head post
office with all departments, a railway
station, 3 banking offices, 3 hotels,
2 Established churches, Free, United
Presbyterian, Congregational, and Episco-
palian churches, and 2 public schools.
The harbour is artificial, was constructed
at enormous cost, and affords facile steam-
boat communication with Arran and
Ireland. The arrivals at the port in 1879
were 3748 British vessels, of 396,905 tons,
and 54 foreign vessels of 13,308 tons ; the
departures, 3630 British vessels, of 389,872
tons, and 56 foreign vessels, of 14,515 tons.
Pop. 3960. — The parish includes also the
larger part of Saltcoats, and measures
about 6 miles by 3f . Acres, 6668. Real
property in 1880-81, £39,905. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 7754 ; quoad sacra, 3656.
Most of the land is low, with generally
light, fertile soil, and that in the north-
west is hilly, culminating at 706 feet above
sea-level. There are 4 schools for 1245
scholars, and 2 of them, for 1000, are new.

ARDROSSAN (NEW), quoad sacra parish
in Ardrossan parish, Ayrshire. It was
constituted in 1851, and its church stands
in the town, and was built as a chapel-of-
ease in 1844. Pop. 4022.

ARDSHIEL, seat near junction of Loch
Leven and Loch Linnhe, north verge of
Argyleshire.

ARDSKINISH, headland at south-
western extremity of Colonsay Island,
Argyleshire.

ARDSTINCHAR, old castle near Ballan-
trae, Ayrshire.

AED

19

ARG

ARDTALNAIG, place, with public school,
in Kenmore parish, Perthshire.

ARDTEALLA, bay in Kildalton parish,
lsl ay Island, Argyleshire.

ARDTOE, headland and bay on north
coast of Ardnamurchan district, Argyle-
shire.

ARDTORNISH. See Artornish.

ARDTUN, basaltic headland at mouth
of Loch Scriden, Mull Island, Argyleshire.

ARDUTHIE, part of Stonehaven, Kin-
cardineshire.

ARDVAR, small harbour in Assynt
parish, Sutherland.

ARDVARSAR, bay, headland, and ham-
let on Sleat Sound, Isle of Skye. The
hamlet has a post office under Broadford.

ARDVERIKIE, ruined seat on west side
of Loch Laggan, Inverness-shire. It was
built as a hunting-lodge in 1840, by the
Marquis of Abercorn ; was occupied, along
with temporary erections, in the autumn
of 1847, by the royal family and their
household ; passed to Sir John Ramsden,
and was destroyed by fire in 1874.

ARDVOIRLICH, seat on south side of
Loch Earn, Perthshire. It is the Darlin-
varoch of Sir Walter Scott's Legend of
Montrose.

ARDVOIRLICH, small bay on west side,
near head of Loch Lomond.

ARDVRACK, ruined ancient castle on
Loch Assynt, Sutherland. It belonged to
the Macleods, and was the place of the
Marquis of Montrose's durance after his
capture in 1650.

ARDVRECKNISH, shooting - lodge of
Earl of Breadalbane, on Loch Tolla,
Glenorchy, Argyleshire.

ARDWAL, island in Borgue parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

ARDWALL, seat in Anwoth parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

ARDWELL, bay, headland, village, and
seat in Stoneykirk parish, Wigtonshire.
The village has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Stranraer.

AREEMING, estate in Kirkpatrick-
Durham parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

ARGYLE, district in mainland of Argyle-
shire. It is separated from Lorn by
Lochs Awe, Avich, and Melfort ; from
Cowal by Loch Fyne ; from Knapdale by
Loch Gilp and the Crinan Canal. Its
name signifies ' The Land of the Gael.'

ARGYLE'S BOWLING GREEN, group of
mountains overhanging Loch Long, from
Glencroe to Loch Goil, on east border of
Argyleshire. The mountains culminate
in a summit 2497 feet high ; they are all
lofty, precipitous, and rugged ; they ex-
hibit a wild, savage, impressive aspect ;
they are so fissured and curved over flank
and crown as to seem, in the distance, like
a mass of statuary, and they figure
superbly on the horizon of multitudes of
views on upper parts of the Firth of Clyde.

ARGYLESHIRE, maritime county in
south-west of Scotland. It extends about

115 miles southward from boundary with
Inverness-shire to the North Channel
opposite Ireland, and includes Tyree, Mull,
Jura, Islay, and 46 other inhabited islands.
Its greatest breadth on the mainland is 55
miles, but to the extremity of the islands
is 85 miles ; its coast line, both from in-
tersection of its mainland by sea-lochs
and from inclusion of the islands, is pro-
portionately enormous ; and its land area
is 3255 square miles. Part of its main-
land lies north of Loch Linnhe, and com-
prises the districts of Locheil. Ardgour, Sun-
art, Ardnamurchan, and Morvern ; and the
rest is divided into the districts of Lorn,
Argyle, Cowal, Knapdale, and Kintyre.
The islands comprehend all the Southern
Hebrides of modern times, but not all of
ancient times, and form the Mull group,
with Tyree and Coll in the north, and the
group of Jura and Islay, with Colonsay and
Gigha, in the south. Most of the mainland,
and most of Mull and Jura, are grandly
mountainous, and very much of the former
is intermixture of alpine heights, bleak
moors, deep glens, long sea-lochs, and ex-
tensive lakes. A large proportion of the
whole, both continental and insular,
displays much force and picturesqueness
of scenery. A number of the mountain
peaks rise to altitudes of more than 3000
feet, and many more are not much lower.
The chief sea-lochs are Eil, Leven, Linnhe,
Sunart, Etive, Craignish, Swein, Killis-
port, Tarbert, Fyne, Long, Striven,
Riddan, Tua, Na-Keal, Scriden, and
Indal. The principal lakes are Shiel on the
northern boundary, Awe between Lorn
and Argyle, and Eck in Cowal. The chief
streams are the Orchy entering Loch Awe,
and the Awe leaving that lake ; but lesser
streams are very numerous, and many of
them interesting. The rocks are prin-
cipally granite, quartz, mica slate, and
trap, but include, at Ballachulish and
Easdale, plentiful and famous roofing
slate. The ground capable of cultivation
lies chiefly along the coast, and amounts
to about one-eighth of the entire land
area. A large portion of the property
belongs to the Duke of Argyle and the
Earl of Breadalbane. The distillation of
whisky, carried on at Campbelton and in
Islay, is the chief manufacture. The
towns are Inverary, Campbelton, Dunoon,
Oban, Lochgilphead, Ardrishaig, Tarbert,
and Ballachulish ; and only 7 other
seats of population have each more than
300 inhabitants. The chief antiquities
are Caledonian stone circles, Scandinavian
duns, the castles of Dunstaffnage, Dunolly,
Mingarry, Artornish, Kilchurn, Skipnish,
Dunoon, and Carrick, and the ecclesias-
tical ruins of Iona, Oronsay, Ardchattan,
Kilmun, and Kintyre. Pop. in 1S71,
75,679 ; in 1881, 76,440. Real property in
1879-80, exclusive of canals, £499,736.

ARGYLE STONE, mountain, 2939 feet
high, 3 miles south-east of Alvie church,
Inverness-shire.

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20

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ARICHONAN, lofty hill in North Knap-
dale parish, Argyleshire.

ARICLINY, lake in Kildonan parish,
Sutherland.

ARIENAS, lake in Morvern parish,
Argyleshire.

ARINACRUMACHD, place, with public
school, in Applecross parish, Ross-shire.

ARINANGOUR, seaport village in Coll
Island, Argyleshire.

ARISAIG. See Akasaig.

ARITY, burn in Inverarity parish,
Forfarshire.

ARKAIG. See Archaig.

ARKENDEITH, ruined old fortalice in
Avoch parish, Ross-shire.

ARKLE, isolated tapering mountain,
2578 feet high, in Edderachyllis parish,
Sutherland.

ARKLET. See Arclet.

ARLERY, seat near Milnathort, Kinross-
shire.

ARMADALE, town, 2J miles west of
Bathgate, Linlithgowshire. It was scarcely
even a hamlet till within a recent period ;
it became a town and has prospered in
connection with mineral industries ; and it
has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, under Bathgate,
a railway station, Established and Free
churches, Wesley an and Episcopalian
chapels, and a public school with about
215 scholars. Pop. 2642.

ARMADALE, rivulet, bay, fishing village,
and headland in Farr parish, Sutherland.
The rivulet is short, but important. The
bay receives the rivulet, lies between
Strathy head and Armadale headland, and
is one of the safest landing-places on the
north coast. The village stands on the
bay, 20 miles west-south-west of Thurso,
and has a post office under Thurso, and a
small public school.

ARMADALE, seat of Lord Macdonald on
south-east coast of Skye Island, 7 miles
north-east of Sleat point. It is a castellated
edifice of 1815, and has well -wooded
grounds.

ARMANDAVE, acclivitous mountain, on
west side of Loch Lubnaig, Perthshire.

ARMIT, affluent of Gala water, at 5 miles
north- north - west of Stow, Edinburgh-
shire.

ARNAGE, railway station and seat, 3|-
miles north-north-west of Ellon, Aberdeen-
shire.

ARNAL, rivulet in Barvas parish, Lewis,
Outer Hebrides.

ARNATE, head -stream of the Ardle,
Perthshire.

ARNBARROW, hill in Fordoun parish,
Kincardineshire.

ARNCROACH, hamlet in Carnbee parish,
Fife. It has a post office under Pitten-
weem, a Free church, and a public school.

ARNDEAN, seat, 2 miles east-north-east
of Dollar, Clackmannanshire.

ARNDILLY, seat on the Spey, in Boharm
parish, Banffshire.

ARNGASK, parish in the counties of

Kinross, Fife, and Perth. It contains
Damhead village, with post office under
Kinross. Acres of the Kinross part, 1801 ;
of the Fife part, 1834 ; of the Perth part,
2815. Real property in 1880-81, £1897,
£2379, £2506. Pop. 129, 219, and 199. The
surface includes hills of the Ochils, and is
richly diversified. The church contains
380 sittings, and the public school has
accommodation for 150 scholars.

ARNGIBBON, seat and glen, about 2§
miles east of Bucklyvie, Stirlingshire.

ARNGOMERY, seat near Kippen,
Stirlingshire.

ARNHALL, hamlet in Fettercairn parish,
Kincardineshire.

ARNIFOUL, village in Glammis parish,
Forfarshire.

ARNISDALE, village in Glenelg parish,
Inverness-shire.

ARNISH, point in Loch Stornoway,
Lewis, Outer Hebrides. A lighthouse is
on it, with revolving light, visible at the
distance of 12 nautical miles.

ARNISH, bay on west side of Raasay
Island, Inverness-shire.

ARNISORT, sea -loch and hamlet in
north-west of Skye Island, Inverness-shire.
The sea-loch is a branch of Loch Snizort,
and the hamlet has a post office under
Portree.

ARNISTON, seat of the Dundas family
on the South Esk, 13 miles south-south-
east of Edinburgh.

ARNISTON COLLIERY, village in Cock-
pen parish, Edinburghshire.

ARNPRIOR, village in Perthshire section
of Kippen parish.

ARNSHEEN, quoad sacra parish in
Colmonell parish, Ayrshire. Its post town
is Girvan. Pop. 1059.

ARNTULLY, village and estate, 8 miles
north of Perth.

AROS, village, bay, and ruined old castle,
on east coast of Mull Island, Argyleshire.
The village stands on the bay 9 miles
south-south-east of Tobermory, and has a
post office, with telegraph, under Oban,
and an inn. The bay, though small, is
screened by lofty cliffs, streaked with
cascades. The old castle crowns one of
the cliffs, was a residence of the Lords of
the Isles, and is now a mere lofty fragment.

ARRADOUL, place, with Episcopalian
chapel, in Rathven parish, Banffshire.

ARRAN, island in south of Buteshire.
It lies in the Firth of Clyde, 6| miles
south-west of the nearest part of Bute,
4f miles east of the nearest part of Kin-
tyre, and 10|- west of the nearest part of
Ayrshire. Its length, from north-by-west
to south-by-east, is 20^ miles ; its mean
breadth is about 6|- miles ; and its area is
105,436 acres. Its northern half is chiefly
a mass of rugged mountains, with altitudes
up to 2874 feet, embosoming many deep
ravines and glens. Its southern half is
principally undulated, rolling, and hilly,
with many summits of greater altitude
than 500 feet, and with much diversity of

ARR

21

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intervening vale and plain. Its coast is
mostly a narrow strip of low ground, over-
hung by mountain or hill, and traversed
all round by a good public road. Its
aggregate character exhibits vast diversity,
force, and wealth of landscape, and
possesses more interest for geologists and
naturalists than any other tract of equal
extent in Great Britain. Most of it be-
longs to the Duke of Hamilton. Brodick
Castle, near the middle of the east coast,
is a seat of the duke ; and Lamlash Bay,
about 6 miles south of that seat, is a road-
stead famous for both capacity and safety.
Brodick and Lamlash villages are the
largest seats of population, and draw
many summer visitors. Pop. of the
island, 4745.

ARROCHAR, village and parish in north
of Dumbartonshire. The village stands
on east side, near head of Loch Long, 17£
miles north of Helensburgh ; is a terminus
of steam communication on the Upper
Clyde, and a resort of tourists and summer
visitors ; is engirt by very grand, striking
scenery ; and has a post office, with money
order department, under Dumbarton, an
excellent hotel, an Established church of
1847, a Free church, and a public school
with about 60 scholars. —The parish con-
tains also the village of Tarbet, and is
about 15 miles long. Acres, 25,858. Real
property in 1880-81, £5291. Pop. 517.
The surface extends about 3 miles along
Loch Long, and nearly 14 miles along
Loch Lomond ; is bordered along all the
west by Argyleshire, and all the north by
Perthshire; displays rich, diversified High-
land scenery, and is so full of mountain
and moor as to comprise only about 400
acres of arable land.

ARTARIG, fort on east side, near head
of Loch Striven, Argyleshire.

ARTHURLEE, several localities at and near
Barrhead, Renfrewshire. Cross- Arthurlee
is a suburb, and was the place of the
earliest bieachfield in Scotland. West
Arthurlee is a neighbouring village.
South Arthurlee is noted for the erec-
tion of an extensive printfield in 1835.
Arthurlee estate belonged anciently to a
branch of the noble family of Darnley,
but underwent division among several pro-
prietors, acquired several mansions, and
became a populous seat of manufacturing
industry. Arthurlee House, one of the
mansions, is a handsome modern edifice.
An ancient cross-shaft stands near that
mansion, and was reinstated on its original
site there in 1872.

ARTHUR'S OVEN, famous quondam
Roman antiquity, on a site near Carron
ironworks, Stirlingshire. It was an
edifice in form resembling a bee-hive, and
measured 88 feet in circumference, but
was destroyed in 1743.

ARTHUR'S SEAT, conspicuous hill in
Queen's Park, contiguous to Edinburgh.
It ascends from a base about f mile long ;
culminates in a conical summit 822 feet

above sea-level; presents to the west a
precipitous face, with shoulder and skirt
outlined like a lion couchant, and com-
mands from its summit an exquisite
panoramic view.

ARTHUR'S SEAT, rock on north side
of Dunbarrow Hill, in Dunnichen parish,
Forfarshire.

ARTHUR'S STONE, ancient standing
stone and modern seat in Coupar-Angus
parish, Perthshire.

ARTORNISH, ruined ancient castle on
coast of Morvern parish, Argyleshire. It
was a great stronghold of the Lords of the
Isles, and a meeting-place of their national
councils ; is graphically described as
restored by his imagination in Sir Walter
Scott's Lord of the Isles, and consists now
of little else than remains of a tower and
fragments of outworks.

ASCAI6, lake in Kildonan parish,
Sutherland.

ASCOG, bay, village, lake, and estate on
easb side of Bute Island, Buteshire. The
bay is about LJ miles south-east of Rothe-
say. The village is chiefly a long chain of
villas and ornate cottages, and has a post
office under Rothesay, and a Free church.
The lake lies adjacent, and has an area of
75£ acres. The estate, with mansion, was
sold in 1876 for £39,420.

ASCRIB, island in Duirnish parish,
Skye, Inverness-shire.

ASHARE, section of Edderachyllis par-
ish, Sutherland.

ASHBURN, seat in Innerkip parish,
Renfrewshire.

ASHDALE, rivulet with two cascades,
and glen with grand scenery, in southern
extremity of Arran Island, Buteshire.

ASHDOW, waterfall on west border of
Killearn parish, Stirlingshire.

ASHFIELD, place, with public school, in
North Knapdale parish, Argyleshire.

ASHGROVE. seat and small lake in
Kilwinning parish, Ayrshire.

ASHIESTIEL, seat on the Tweed, 71
miles north-west of Selkirk. It was Sir
Walter Scott's residence, the place where
he wrote a number of his works, during the
ten years prior to his removal to Abbots-
ford.

ASHINTULLY, seat in Kirkmichael
parish, Perthshire.

ASHKIRK, village in Roxburghshire,
and parish partly also in Selkirkshire.
The village stands on Ale river, 6 miles
north -north-west of Hawick, and has a
post office under Hawick, a parochial
church, a Free church, and a public school
with about 100 scholars. The parish
comprises 8339 acres in Roxburghshire,
and 3369 in Selkirkshire. Real property
in 1880-81, £5163 and £2738. Pop. 362
and 138. The surface includes pieces of
level land on the Ale, but is elsewhere all
hilly. There are 2 schools, with accommo-
dation for 174 scholars.

ASHLEY, seat in Batho parish, Edin-
burghshire.

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22

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ASHLEY, lake in Dores parish, Inver-
ness-shire.

ASHTON, southern part of Gourock,
Renfrewshire. It extends south-westward
along the coast, opposite Kirn and Dunoon,
and consists chiefly of villas and neat two-
storey houses, principally on a narrow
belt of low ground, but partly on steep,
overhanging braes.

ASKADIL, headland on north-west of
Ardnamurchan peninsula, Argyleshire.

ASKAIG (PORT). See Port-Askaig.

ASLEISK, ruined old baronial f ortalice, 5
miles east of Forres, Elginshire.

ASSEL, burn, entering Stinchar river,
Ayrshire.

ASSLEED, affluent of the Ythan, between
New Deer and Methlick parishes, Aberdeen-
shire.

ASSYNT, parish in extreme south-west
of Sutherland. It contains Lochinver
village, and has a post office of its own
name under Lairg. Its length is 20 miles, its
greatest breadth 11 miles. Eeal property in
1880-81, £6649. Pop. , quoad civilia, 2776 ;
quoad sacra, 1390. The coast includes all
the peninsula terminating in Store Point,
and goes thence to south side of head of
Kyle-Scow ; and the shore for the most
part is rocky, bold, and dangerous. Old-
ney Island, and numerous islets and in-
sulated rocks, lie adjacent. The interior
is one of the most rugged tracts in Scot-
land, and may be described as mainly an
assemblage of towering mountains, rocky
hills, wild crags, and deep ravines, with
interspersion of lakes and numerous
lakelets and tarns. Quinag, Suilven,
Canisp, and Benmore-Assynt are chief
mountains, and the last has an altitude of
3281 feet. Loch Assynt is the chief lake,
measures 6f miles in length, and about 1
mile in extreme breadth ; has intricate
shores and a winding contour, and is
flanked and overhung by diversified crags
and mountains. Several caves and some
natural arches are on the coast, and some
caves are in the interior. Clachtoll dun,
Ardyrack ruined castle, and Calda ruined
mansion are the chief antiquities. The
churches are 2 Established and 2 Free.
There are 8 schools for 539 scholars, and
4 of them, for 330, are new.

ASTOUNE, old f ortalice in Alford parish,
Aberdeenshire.

ATHELSTANEFORD, village and parish
in north-west of Haddingtonshire. The
village stands 3 miles north-north-east of
Haddington, adjoins the scene of an early
battle between the Scotch and the English,
and has a post office under Drem, a modern
church with about 500 sittings, remains of
a church of the 12th century, and a public
school for 161 scholars. — The parish con-
tains also Drem village, and comprises
5077 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£11,724. Pop. 762. The surface touches
the north base of the Garleton Hills, and
has considerable inequalities. Gilmerton,
the seat of Sir David Kinloch, Bart., is a

chief feature, and a ruined strong man-
sion of the Earls of Winton is a chief
antiquity.

ATHOLE, district in extreme north of
Perthshire. It comprises an area of about
450 square miles ; includes a prominent
portion of the Central Grampians, and an
extensive deer forest ; exhibits features of
alpine height, deep glen, rushing stream,
large lake, and massive wood, eminently
picturesque ; gives the titles of earl, mar-
quis, and duke to a branch of the family
of Murray, and contains the duke's chief
seat, Blair Castle.

AUCHABER, seat in Forgue parish,

AUCHANAULT, place, 22J miles west of
Dingwall, Ross-shire. It has a post office
designated of Ross-shire, and a railway
station.

AUCHANS, seat in Dundonald parish,
Ayrshire.

AUCHENAIRN, village, 3 miles north-by-
east of Glasgow. It has a public school
with about 170 scholars. Pop. 634.

AUCHENBATHIE, ruined ancient castle,
once the property of Sir William Wallace,
4^ miles east-south-east of Lochwinnoch,
Renfrewshire.

AUCHENBLAE, village, 5| miles north-
north-east of Laurencekirk, Kincardine-
shire. It has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Fordoun, a banking office, a hotel, a town
hall, and a public school.

AUCHENCAIRN, bay, village, and quoad
sacra parish in Kirkcudbrightshire. The
bay opens at 7 miles east of Kirkcudbright ;
is about 2| miles long and 1 mile wide ; has
Heston Isle across its mouth, causing it to
look like a lake ; and possesses both harbour
for small craft and shelter for vessels of bur-
den. — The village stands at the bay's head,
is a sea-bathing resort, and has beautiful
environs, a post office, with monej^ order
department, under Castle-Douglas, 2 inns,
Established and Free churches, and mixed
and infant public schools, with about 173
and 157 scholars. Pop. 441. — The quoad
sacra parish is part of Rerrick, and was
constituted prior to 1870. Pop. 1037.

AUCHENCRUIVE, seat and railway
station in St. Quivox parish, near
Ayr.

AUCHENDAVY, hamlet on site of a fort
of Antoninus' Wall, 2 miles east of Kirk-
intilloch, Dumbartonshire.

AUCHENDRANE, seat of Sir Peter Coats,
and quondam castle, the scene of Sir
Walter Scott's Ayrshire Tragedy, on left
bank of the Doon, near the Ayr and
Girvan Railway, Ayrshire.

AUCHENDRYNE, suburb of Castleton-
Braemar, Aberdeenshire. Pop. 269.

AUCHENGEAN, hamlet in Falkirk
parish, Stirlingshire. It has a public
school with about 84 scholars.

AUCHENGELLOCH, wild tract, notable
for conventicles of the Covenanters, in
Avondale parish, Lanarkshire.

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23

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AUCHENGOOL, estate inRerrick parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

AUCHENGRAY, place, 5f miles north of
Carstairs Junction, Lanarkshire. It has
a post office under Lanark, arid a railwaj'
station.

AUCHENHEATH, village, miles south
of Larkhall, Lanarkshire. It has a railway
station, and a public school with about
152 scholars. Pop. 612.

AUCHENLOCH, small village in Cadder
parish, Lanarkshire.

AUCHENREOCH, seat in Strickathrow
parish, Forfarshire.

AUCHENREOCH, lake in Urr parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

AUCHENROATH, seat near Rothes
village, Elginshire.

AUCHENSAUGH, hill, 2^ miles south of
Douglas, Lanarkshire. It was the scene
of a notable swearing of Solemn League
and Covenant by a body of Cameronians.

AUCHENTORLIE, seat, near Paisley,
Renfrewshire.

AUCHENTORLIE, seat and vestiges of
ancient hill-fort, in Old Kilpatrick parish,
Dumbartonshire.

AUCHERNACH, seat in Strathdon
parish, Aberdeenshire.

AUCHINBLAE. See Auchenblae.

AUCHINCASS, ruined ancient castle on
Evan river, near Beattock, Dumfries-
shire.

AUCHINCHEW, cliff-walled amphi-
theatre, vale, and cascades, on south coast
of Arran Island, Buteshire.

AUCHINCLOACH, burn, and lands with
traditions of the battle of 1645, in Kilsyth
parish, Stirlingshire.

AUCHINCLOICH, hamlet in Ochiltree
parish, Ayrshire. It has a post office
under Kilmarnock.

AUCHINCRAW, village, 3 miles north-
north-west of Chirnside, Berwickshire.
It has a post office under Ayton.

AUCHINDACHY, railway station, 3£
miles south-west of Keith, Banffshire.

AUCHINDINNY, village on the North
Esk, with railway station, 8 miles by road,
but 12 by railway, south of Edinburgh.
Pop. 405.

AUCHINDOIR, parish, averagely 7 miles
nurth-west of Alford, Aberdeenshire. It
contains Lumsden village, with post office
under Aberdeen, and it measures about 7
miles in both length and breadth. Acres,
15,310. Real property in 1880-81, £6405.
Pop. 1514. The surface includes part of
Buck of Cabrach Mountain ; comprises
hill-ridges of very various height, and
intervening vales of very various width ;
and is traversed by Bogie river. The seats
are Clova, Craig, and Druminnor; and
the chief antiquity is the ruin of an
ancient church with Saxon doorway. The
churches are Established, 2 Free, United
Presbyterian, and Episcopalian, and there
are 2 public schools for 200 scholars.

AUCHINDUNE, ruined old castle in
Mortlach parish, Banffshire.

AUCHINFLOWER, place, with public
school, in Ballantrae parish, Ayrshire.

AU CHINGR AMONT, suburb of Hamil-
ton, Lanarkshire. It has a United Presby-
terian church.

AU CHINH ALRIG, village in Bellie parish,
Banffshire.

AUCHINLECK,— vulgarly AFFLECK,—
town and parish in east of Kyle district,
Ayrshire. The town stands on Lugar
water, 13f miles south-south-east of Kil-
marnock, and has a post office, with money
order department, under Cumnock ; a rail-
way station, a parochial church, a United
Original Secession church, and a public
school with about 303 scholars. Pop. 1528.
— The parish contains also the villages of
Common - Dyke, Cronberry, and Dern-
conner, most of the town of Lugar, and
small part of the town of Cumnock. Its
length is 16 miles, its mean breadth not
more than 2. Acres, 24,129. Real
property in 1880-81, £31,330. Pop. 6681.
The eastern section is hilly and wild, and
includes some lofty summits ; the western
section, low, fertile, and embellished ; and
the middle section is of medium character.
About one-third of the entire area is in
tillage. Auchinleck House, 3 miles west
of the town, was erected by the judge
Lord Auchinleck, father of the biographer
of Dr. Johnson. A ruined baronial
fortalice, the residence of the early Bos-
wells from the time of James IV., stands
in that mansion's neighbourhood, and
remains of another old fortalice are in the
eastern district. There are 6 schools for
1248 scholars, and 1 of them and an
enlargement for 250 are new.

AUCHINLECK, lofty hill, 4 miles west of
Queensberry, Dumfriesshire.

AUCHINLILLY, cascade on the Carron,
west of Denny, Stirlingshire.

AUCHINLOCHAN, village in Kilfinan
parish, Argyleshire. Pop. 340.

AUCHINMULLY, village in east side of
Kilsyth parish, Stirlingshire.

AU CHINR AITH, village in Blantyre
parish, Lanarkshire. Pop. 687.

AUCHINSTARRY, seat in Kilsyth
parish, Stirlingshire.

AUCHINSTARRY, village in Cumber-
nauld parish, Dumbartonshire. Pop. 626.

AU CHINTIBBER, village in Blantyre
parish, Lanarkshire. Pop. 435.

AUCHINTOUL, seat in Marnock parish,
Banffshire.

AUCHIRIES, hamlet in Cruden parish,
Aberdeenshire. It has a public school
with about 167 scholars.

AUCHLEE, estate, with two well-pre-
served ancient Caledonian stone circles, in
Banchoi-y-Devenick parish, Kincardine-
shire.

AUCHLEEKS, hamlet and seat in Blair -
Athole parish, Perthshire. The hamlet
has a post office under Blair- Athole.

AUCHLEVEN, village in Premnay
parish, Aberdeenshire. It has a post
office under Insch.

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24

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AUCHLOCHAN, seat near Lesmahagow,
Lanarkshire.

AUCHLOSSEN, lake in Lumphanan and
Aboyne parishes, Aberdeenshire.

AUCHLUNIES, seat in Maryculter parish,
Kincardineshire.

AUCHLUNKART, seat in Boharm parish,
Banffshire.

AUCHMEDDEN, estate, with public
school, and with reach of bold coast, in
Aberdour parish, Aberdeenshire.

AUCHMILL, town, with large quarries
of fine granite, 3 miles north-west of
Aberdeen. It has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Aberdeen. Pop. 1319.

AUCHMILLAN, village, 2 miles north of
Mauchline, Ayrshire.

AUCHMITHIE, fishing village, Z\ miles
north-east of Arbroath, Forfarshire. It has
a post office under Arbroath, a chapel-of-
ease, and an ingenious water supply pro-
vided in 1880. A range of bold cliffs pierced
with caves is contiguous, and figures as
the scene of the escape of Sir Arthur and
Miss "Wardour in Sir Walter Scott's
Antiquary. A large quantity of old coins
and metal tokens was discovered in the
neighbouring beach in 1877. Pop. of the
village, 359.

AUCHMORE, a seat of the Earl of
Breadalbane, at the head of Loch Tay,
Perthshire.

AUCHMORE, place, with public school,
in Lochalsh parish, Ross-shire.

AUCHMUTY, hamlet in Markinch parish,
Fife.

AUCHNACARRY. See Achnacaeey.

AUCHNACRAIG. See Achnaceaig.

AUCHNAGATT, place, 7J miles north
of Ellon, Aberdeenshire. It has a post
office under Ellon, and a railway station.

AUCHNASHEEN, place, 28f miles west
of Dingwall, Ross-shire. It has a post
office, designated Auchnasheen, Ross-shire ;
a railway station, and a hotel.

AUCHNASHELLACH, place, 1SJ miles
south-west of Auchnasheen, Ross-shire.
It has a post office under Lochcarron, and
a railway station.

AUCHRY, seat in Monquhitter parish,
Aberdeenshire.

AUCHTERARDER, town and parish in
south-east of Perthshire. The town stands
about a mile from a railway station of its
own name, 14 miles south-west of Perth ;
dates from ancient times, and was once a
royal burgh ; passed through long declension
and much disaster, but eventually became
a prosperous seat of manufacture ; figured
in the first and not the least of the church
conflicts which led to the Disruption of
1843 ; comprises a main street upwards of
a mile long, and has a head post office
with all departments, 2 banking offices,
2 hotels, a towered town-hall of 1872,
Established, Free, United Presbyterian,
and Evangelical Union churches, and 2
public schools. Pop. 2666. — The parish
contains also Aberuthven, Smith yhaugh,

and Borland-Park villages, and mea-
sures nearly 8 miles in length and about 3
miles in breadth. Acres, 11,181. Real
property in 1880-81, £19,452. Pop. 3648.
The northern section undulates or de-
clines to the river Earn, and is nearly all
arable ; and the southern section rises
toward the summit line of the Ochil Hills.
Chief seats are Auchterarder Castle and
Auchterarder House ; and a chief antiquity
is the fragment of a strong castle of
Malcolm Canmore. There are 5 schools for
671 scholars, and2of them,for 360,are new.

AUCHTERDERRAN, parish, containing
most of Lochgelly town, and part of
Cardenden village, in south-west of Fife.
It measures about 5 miles by 3, and com-
prises 7818 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £19,295. Pop., quoad civilia,
4332; quoad sacra, 1747. The surface is
beautified by Lochgelly Lake, and about
500 acres of wood, and includes variously
flat ground, valley, and hill. The churches
are Established, Free, and United Presby-
terian. There are 3 public schools for
1067 scholars, and 1 of them and an
enlargement for 510 are new.

AUCHTERGAVEN,— vulgarly OCHTER-
GAEN, — village and parish in Strathtay
district, Perthshire. The village stands
about 3 miles north-west of Stanley rail-
way station, and 9 north-north-west of
Perth, and is a straggling place. The
parish contains also the post office village
of Bankfoot, the villages of Cairniehill
and Waterloo, and most of the post office
village of Stanley. Its length is 10 miles ;
its mean breadth is about 3 miles; and
its area is 12,941 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £15,048. Pop. 2195. The surface
rises from the Tay, up Strathardie, to the
summit of a low range of the Grampians,
and consists chiefly of swelling knolls and
sloping ridges. The seats are Stanley
House, Airleywight, and Tullybelton. The
poet Nicol was a native, and sang the
beauties of the landscape in his ' Bonnie
Ordie Braes.' The churches are the
parochial, with nearly 1200 sittings, 2
Free, and a United Presbyterian. There are
2 public schools for 550 scholars, and 1 of
them and an enlargement for 450 are new.

AUCHTERHOUSE, village and parish on
south-west border of Forfarshire. The
village stands 7 miles by road, but much
farther by railway, north-west of Dundee,
and has a post office, with telegraph, under
Dundee, and a railway station. The parish
measures about 4£ by 3| miles, and com-
prises 5708 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £10,366. Pop. 661. The sur-
face rises from the narrow vale of Dighty
water, northward to summits of the Sidlaw
Hills, is diversified by undulating heights,
and becomes steep and precipitous in the
north. The chief residences are Auchter-
house and Balbouchly, the former an old
seat of the Earl of Airlie ; and the chief
antiquity is the fragment of a strong
baronial fortalice, said to have been visited

AUC

25

AUL

by Sir William Wallace. There are 2
public schools, male and female, with
about 77 and 53 scholars.

AUCHTERLESS, hamlet and parish on
north-west border of Aberdeenshire. The
hamlet lies 6 miles south-by-west of Turriff,
and has a post office, with telegraph, under
Turriff, and a railway station. The parish
contains also the village of Gordonstown,
and is about 8 miles long. Acres, 16,826.
Keal property in 1879-80, £14,772. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 2144; quoad sacra, 1948.
The surface comprises the upper part of
the Ythan's basin, all north-eastward from
a line within about a mile from that
river's source. Chief antiquities are traces
of a Eoman camp, and remains of numerous
ancient Caledonian stone circles. The
churches are Established and Free. There
are 4 schools, with accommodation for 365

SC A°UCHTERMAIRNIE, seat in Kennoway
parish, Fife.

AUCHTERMUCHTY, town and parish
on north-west border of Fife. The town
stands adjacent to the Kinross and Perth
Railway, 4f miles west of Ladybank
Junction ; dates from ancient times, and
was once a royal burgh ; figures in the
humorous poem ascribed to James v., and
entitled, ' The Wife of Auchtermuchty ; '
comprises streets and lanes of irregular
construction ; has a head post office with
all departments, a railway station, 2 bank-
ing offices, 2 chief inns, a public hall, an
Established church,, a Free church, 2
United Presbyterian churches, and 2
public schools. Pop. 1673. — The parish
contains also most of Dunshelt village.
Acres, 3530. Real property in 1880-81,
£8498. Pop. 4332. The limits include a
portion of the rich strath of the Eden, and
a portion of the Ochil Hills. The seats
areMyres Castle, Bellevue, and Southfield.
There are 5 schools for 498 scholars, and
1 of them, for 70, is new.

AUCHTERNEED, small village at head
of Strathpeffer, and skirt of Benwyvis,
Ross-shire.

AUCHTERTOOL, village and parish in
south-west of Fife. The village stands 2f
miles east of Cowdenbeath railway station,
and 4| west of Kirkcaldy, and has a post
office under Kirkcaldy. Pop., with New-
bigging, about 240. — The parish comprises
2738 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£7789. Pop. 706. The Cullalo Hills,
with very steep acclivity, are in the west ;
and a deep, narrow ravine, with cascade,
is in the east. Other chief features are
Camilla Loch, and ruined Hallyards House.
There are 2 schools for 169 scholars.

AUCHTERTYRE, village in Newtyle
parish, Forfarshire.

AUCHTON, hamlet in Balquhidder
parish, Perthshire.

AUCHTYFARDLE, seat near Lesmaha-
gow, Lanarkshire.

AUCHVISH, place, with public school,
in South Knapdale parish, Argyleshire.

AUGMUND'S HOW, ruined ancient fort
on Elsness promontory, Sanday Island,
Orkney.

AUGUSTUS(FORT). See Fort-Augustus.

AULDBAR, railway station, and modern-
ized ancient castle, 5 miles east-north-east
of Forfar.

AULD DAVIE, head-stream of the Ythan,
Aberdeenshire.

AULDEARN, village and parish in north-
east of Nairnshire. The village stands
2£ miles south-east of Nairn, dates from
remote times, and has a post office under
Nairn. Pop. 363. — The parish measures
about 7 miles by 5, and comprises 14,035
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £10,082.
Pop. 1292. The surface skirts the Moray
Firth, is low, yet diversified for 3 miles
thence, and rises afterwards into con-
siderable hills. The battle of 1645,
between the Marquis of Montrose and
General Hurry, was fought in the vicinity
of the village. The seats are Boath and
Lethen ; and the chief antiquities are the
old fortalice of Inshoch Castle, vestiges of
Moyness Castle, and remains of 2 ancient
Caledonian stone circles. The churches
are Established, Free, and United Presby-
terian ; and the public schools are 2, with
about 123 scholars.

AULDFIELD. See POLLOCKSHAWS.

AULDGIRTH, place on the Nith, near
Glasgow and South-Western Railway, 8
miles north-north-west of Dumfries. It
has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, under Dumfries,
a railway station, an inn, and a
bridge.

AULDHOUSE, burn, entering the White
Cart at Pollockshaws, Renfrewshire.

AULDNACHUIRN, burn, entering the
Lossie in Dallas parish, Elginshire.

AULDWICK, dismantled ancient baro-
nial stronghold, on coast of Wick parish,
Caithness.

AULD WIFE'S LIFT, cromlech, 18 feet
long and 11 feet broad, in Baldernock
parish, Stirlingshire.

AULTDINNY, burn in Aboyne parish,
Aberdeenshire.

AULTGRANDE, small river, entering
Cromarty Firth about 10 miles north-east
of Dingwall, Ross-shire. It issues from
Loch Glass, runs about 7 miles north-east-
ward, traverses a profound long chasm,
and makes a series of cascades.

AULTGUISH, rivulet, traversing moun-
tain forest of Rinsky, to north-west side
of Loch Ness, nearly opposite the Falls
of Foyers, Inverness-shire. It makes one
leap of at least 100 feet, and is elsewhere
a continuous cataract.

AULTKOLLIE, deep tortuous ravine in
Loth parish, Sutherland.

AULTNACAILLICH, birth-place of the
famous Gaelic poet Donn, in Durness
parish, Sutherland.

AULTNAHARRA. See Altnaharea.

AULTNANCOORACH, affluent of the
Aultgrande, Ross-shire.

AUL

26

AWE

AULTROY, burn in Aboyne parish,
Aberdeenshire.

AULTSIGH, rivulet, issuing from tarn
on a shoulder of Mealfourvounie Mountain,
and descending in cataracts and leaps to
north-west side of Loch Ness, Inverness-
shire.

AUQUHIRIE, seat in Dunnottar parish,
Kincardineshire.

AUSDALE, hamlet, 4 miles south-west
of Berriedale, Caithness ; and rivulet
passing that hamlet and leaping into the
sea over a lofty cliff.

AUSKERRY, small island, 2| miles south
of Stronsay, Orkney. A lighthouse is on
it, with fixed light visible at the distance
of 16 nautical miles. Pop. 8.

AVEN, lake and river in south-west
extremity of Banffshire. The lake has an
elevation of about 1800 feet above sea-level,
and is immediately overhung by Cairngorm
Mountains. The river issues from the
lake, traverses for some distance an alpine
glen, and runs altogether about 30 miles,
chiefly northward, to the Spey at Ballin-
dalloch.

AVICH, lake and stream in Dalavich
old parish, Argyleshire. The lake com-
mences 4 miles east of head of Loch
Melfort ; measures about 3| miles in
length and 7 furlongs in width; has fine
ornature of outline, banks, and islets ; and
is associated with 2 notable old Celtic
poems. The stream issues from the lake,
and runs about 2 miles to Loch Awe.

AVIEMORE, place, adjacent to Highland
Railway, llf miles north-east of Kingussie,
Inverness-shire. It has a station on the
railway, and a post office designated of
Inverness-shire, with money order and
telegraph departments.

AVOCH, fishing town and parish in
Ardmeanach district, Ross-shire. The
town stands on a small bay of its own
name, If mile south-west of Fortrose,
and has pleasant environs, a post office,
with money order department, under
Inverness, an inn, a good pier, Established,
Free, and Congregational churches, and
a public school with about 105 scholars.
Pop. 905.— The parish is about 4 miles
long and 2| miles broad. Real property
in 1880-81, £7395. Pop. 1691. The
surface is partly a gentle slope, partly a
diversity of hill and dale, partly a portion of
the Mullbuy. The seats are Avoch House
and Rosehaugh ; and the antiquities are
the ruined fortalice of Arkendeith, and
the site of Avoch Castle, which belonged
to successively the Earls of Ross and
the Crown. There are 3 schools for 382
scholars, and 1 of them, for 160, is new.

AVOCHY, seat near Huntly, Aberdeen-
shire.

AVON, river, running about 18 miles
eastward and north-eastward, partly be-
tween Stirlingshire and Linlithgowshire,
to Firth of Forth, at 2^ miles west of
Borrowstounness.

AVON, river, running about 16 miles

north-eastward and 5^ north-westward to
the Clyde, in vicinity of Hamilton, Lanark-
shire. It traverses first a moorish tract,
next a beautiful diversified lowland tract,
next a richly romantic dell.
AVONBANK, seat near Larkhall, Lan-

AVONBRIDGE, village on the Avon, 3£
miles west - south - west of Slamannan,
Stirlingshire. It has a railway station
and a United Presbyterian church.

AVONDALE, parish, containing Strath-
aven town, on west border of Lanarkshire.
Its length is about 14 miles, its breadth
about 8 miles, its area 37,533 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £39,948. Pop., quoad
civilia, 5466 ; quoad sacra, 3216. The
area is pretty equally bisected by the
Avon, and the lands comprise flat tracts
on that river, rising grounds from both
sides of these flats, and moorish eminences
and mosses in the west. Several mansions
are near Strathavon, and the ruined famous
castle of Avondale is in it. There are

2 Established churches, a Free church,

3 United Presbyterian churches, and 6
schools for 855 scholars.

AVONDHU, head- stream of the river
Forth.

AVONHEAD, village in New Monkland
parish, Lanarkshire. It has a public
school, with about 130 scholars. Pop. 435.

AVONHOLM, seat in Glassforcl parish,
Lanarkshire.

AVONSUIDH, a seat of the Earl of Dun-
more, in Harris, Outer Hebrides.

AVONTON, seat near Linlithgow.

AWE, small lake, 3 miles south of head
of Loch Assynt, Sutherland. It lies
among massive mountains, and contains
wooded islets.

AWE, lake, river, and pass in central
part of mainland of Argyleshire. The
lake extends 24 miles north-north-east-
ward to base of Bencruachan, has a mean
breadth of not more than a mile, but ex-
pands towards the foot to a mean breadth
of about 2 miles ; forms there 2 off-
sets or horns, the one receiving the river
Orchy, the other discharging the river
Awe ; exhibits great variety of scenery,
passing from plainness at the head to gor-
geous grandeur at the foot ; looks, in its
broadest parts, to be remarkably small, as
compared with the magnitude and loftiness
of the mountains overhanging it ; has
everywhere, but especially toward the
foot, much intricacy and ornature of shore
line ; possesses much diversity and wealth
of trout-fishing, all open to the public ;
began, in the summer of 1876, to be tra-
versed by a screw-steamer, in communica-
tion with public conveyances to its shores ;
is now crossed near its foot by the Callan-
der and Oban Railway, sweeping round to
the gorge of Awe river; and has at its
foot a railway station, a steamboat pier,
and a new hotel. — The river leaves the
lake in calm current, enters a narrow,
deep, stupendous gorge, traverses there a

AYL

27

AYR

wildly broken, rocky bottom, and goes 4
miles north-westward, mostly in tumultu-
ous rush, to Loch Etive at Buna we. — The
pass occurs in the river's gorge ; is flanked
at one part by a precipice 1308 feet high ;
was formerly traversable there only by an
almost mural ascent, commanded at the
top by a fortalice, but is now facilitated
by a bridge ; and was the scene of an
exploit by Sir William "Wallace, and a
skirmish between King Eobert Bruce and
Macdougal of Lorn.

AYLORT, sea-loch, between Moydart
and Arasaig districts, Inverness-shire. _ It
is 4 miles wide at the mouth, divides
into 2 parts, Loch Aylort proper on the
south, Loch-na-Nua on the north, and has
a total length from west to east of 9
miles.

AYR, river, bay, and headlands in Ayr-
shire. The river rises on the eastern
border of the widest part of the county ;
traverses, first, bleak moors and hill pas-
tures, next, an ornate plain, next, a low
narrow dell ; is subject to such freshets as
make it, in Burns' phrase, 'just one long
lengthened tumbling sea ; ' and runs alto-
gether about 33 miles westward to Ayr
bay at Ayr town. — The bay is a lateral
expansion of the Firth of Clyde ; has a
land-line in nearly the form of a segment
of a circle, with prevailingly low shores ;
and measures 20 miles oouth-south-east-
ward from Fairlie Head to Ayr Heads,
and nearly 7 miles in mean breadth. — The
headland, or Ayr Heads, are rocky, pre-
cipitous projections from the skirt of
Brown Carrick Hill, and have a height of
about 200 feet.

AYR, town and parish on coast of Ayr-
shire. The town stands at mouth of Ayr
river, and is bisected by it into nearly
equal parts; comprises, on the left side,
Ayr proper, on the right side, Newton-
upon-Ayr, Wallacetown, and Content ;
forms, nevertheless, one strictly compact
town ; commands charming views around
the bay and across to Arran ; ranks as a
royal and parliamentary burgh, a seat of
county and judiciary courts, and a head
port ; consists partly of handsome square
and streets, partly of neat but plain
thoroughfares, partly of poor or antiquated
quarters ; includes a new suburb, com-
pleted to the extent of about 60 cottages
in May 1880 ; carries on a variety and
large aggregate of manufacture and com-
merce ; publishes 3 newspapers ; and has
a head post office with all departments,
2 railway stations, 7 banking offices, 5
hotels, several ornamental public build-
ings, 3 Established churches, 4 Free
churches, 2 United Presbyterian churches,
Original Secession, Congregational, Evan-
gelical Union, Episcopalian, Methodist,
Moravian, and Roman Catholic churches,
and a number of educational and miscel-
laneous institutions. The Town Buildings
and Assembly Booms, at corner of High
Street and Sandgate, are an elegant edifice,

with tower and spire 226 feet high. The
Municipal Court-rooms and Public Hall,
contiguous to those buildings, were com-
pleted in September 1881, at a cost of
about £30,000 ; and the hall in them has
accommodation for about 1500 persons.
The County Buildings, in Wellington
Square, are on the model of an ancient
temple in Rome, and cost upwards of
£30,000. Wallace Tower, in High Street,
is a Gothic structure of 1830, with a statue
of Wallace in its front, and with the

1 dungeon clock ' removed to it from an
old demolished steeple. The ' Twa Brigs '
of Burns' dialogue stand within 500 yards
of each other ; and the new one showed
signs of giving way in January 1877, and
was replaced by a five-arched structure, at
a cost of £16,300. One of the Established
churches is a cruciform edifice of the 17th
century, and was erected in lieu of a very
ancient one which Cromwell environed
with a large fort, and converted into an
armoury. The new Academy was opened
in September 1880, cost about £8000, and
has accommodation for about 550 scholars.

2 new public schools were erected in
1875, at a cost of £8672, and have accom-
modation for 1000 scholars ; and a new
industrial school was erected in 1876, at a
cost of £5500. A new hospital, measuring
240 by 120 feet, was founded in 1881.
The harbour was formerly shallow and
inconvenient, but underwent great im-
provement and extension in 1874-78, at a
cost of about £200,000. A new dock was
then formed, measuring 650 feet by 400,
comprising 7i acres of water area, rising
in its quay walls 33 feet from foundation
to coping, and having a water depth on
the sill of 22 feet at high water of spring-
tides. Three hydraulic hoists also were
then erected, at a further cost of £9700.
A new slip dock and a fine esplanade were
contracted for in May 1880, to cost £13,036.
The shipping in the year 1879 comprised
2392 British vessels, of 251,303 tons, and
16 foreign vessels, of 4665 tons, inward ;
and 2367 British vessels, of 236,858 tons,
and 15 foreign vessels, of 4480 tons, out-
ward. The parliamentary burgh unites
with Irvine, Campbelton, Inverary, and
Oban in sending a member to Parliament.
Real property in 1880-81, £94,078. Pop.
20,987.

The parish includes the royal burgh,
extends from the xiver Ayr to the river
Doon, and measures about 5| miles by 4.
Acres, 6935. Real property of landward
part in 1880-81, £17,204. Pop. of the
whole, quoad civilia, 10,086 ; quoad sacra,
9582. The western section is low, flat, and
fertile ; but the eastern section rises
gradually to the boundary, and is com-
paratively unproductive. The chief seats
are Castlehill, Rozelle, Newark, Cambus-
doon, Doonholm, Bellisle, and Mount
Charles. The parochial charge is double ;
and there is a church at Alloway. The
burgh has 17 schools, with accom-

AYE

28

BAC

modation for about 4226 scholars, and
Alloway has 1 with accommodation for
148.

AYR ROAD, railway station, 1^ miles
south-east of Larkhall, Lanarkshire.

AYRSHIRE, maritime county on east
side of Firth of Clyde, bounded inland by
Renfrewshire, Lanarkshire, Dumfriesshire,
Kirkcudbrightshire, and Wigtonshire. Its
length, from north to south, is 60 miles ;
its breadth varies from a few miles to 30 ;
and its area is 1149 square miles. Its form
is proximately that of a half-moon, with
the concavity to the west, but curved much
more in the north than in the south. Its
natural features and popular nomenclature
divide it into Cunningham, north of the
river Irvine ; Kyle, between the river Irvine
and the river Doon ; and Carrick, south of
the river Doon. Custom also sub-divides
Kyle, by the river Ayr, into Kyle Stewart
and King's Kyle. Cunningham and Kyle
are mostly low country, with low coast,
but have interior diversities and a hilly
border ; and Carrick, though containing
considerable aggregate of arable land, is
largely occupied by the western end of the
Southern Highlands, and consists mostly
of a broken assemblage of hill, moor, and
mountain. A large proportion of the
entire county, together with the flanking
reaches of Firth of Clyde and the mountains
on the western horizon, forms one con-
tinuous landscape, as seen from thousands
of vantage-grounds within its own limits.
The chief rivers, besides the Irvine, the
Ayr, and the Doon, are the Garnock, the
Girvan, and the Stinchar; and the chief
lake is Doon. Sandstone, limestone, coal,
and ironstone abound, and are extensively
worked. The soils range from rich loam
to barren moor, or from best to worst, but
may be characterized as sandy on the coast,
clayey in the interior low tracts, and
heathy or mossy on the uplands. Agri-
culture in all departments, but specially
in the dairy husbandry, is skilful and
flourishing. Principal industries are iron-
working, engine - making, coal - mining,
woollen manufacture, cotton manufacture,
and pottery work. The chief towns are Ayr
and Kilmarnock ; the other towns, with each
more than 3000 inhabitants, are Ardrossan,
Beith, Dairy, Galston, Girvan, Hurl-
ford, Irvine, Kilbirnie, Kilwinning, May-
bole, Saltcoats, Stevenston, and Stewar-
ton ; the others, with each more than 2000
inhabitants, are Catrine, Cumnock, Largs,
Muirkirk, Newmilns, and Troon ; the
others, with each more than 1000 inhabi-
tants, are Annbank, Auchinleck, Bank-
head, Burnfoothill, Dalmellington, Darvel,
Eglinton, Kilmaurs, Lugar, Mauchline,
"Waterside, and West Kilbride ; and the
villages, with each more than 300 in-
habitants, amount to 48. Ayrshire
belonged anciently to the Damnii and the
Novantes ; passed to successively the
Romans, the Cambrians, and the North-
umbrians ; was the scene of many of

"Wallace's and Bruce's conflicts with the
English ; and figured prominently in the
sufferings and struggles of the Covenanters.
It contains many monuments of all times,
from the Caledonian downward, and is
noted for the abbey ruins of Kilwinning
and Crossraguel. It is now divided ad-
ministratively into the districts of Ayr
and Kilmarnock, and representatively into
the divisions of north and south, each
division sending a member to Parliament.
Real property in 1880-81, £1,085,710. Pop.
in 1871, 200,809 ; in 1881, 217,504.

AYTON, village and parish on coast of
Berwickshire. The village stands on Eye
water, 21 miles south-east of Dunbar, and
has a head post office with all departments,
a railway station, 2 banking offices,
3 inns, a fine parochial church of
1865, 2 United Presbyterian churches,
and 2 public schools with about 233
scholars. Pop. 771. — The parish con-
tains also part of Burnmouth vil-
lage, and small part of Eyemouth town,
and measures about 4^ miles by 3^.
Acres, 6699. Real property in 1880-81,
£15,897. _ Pop. 2040. The coast is rocky
and precipitous ; the southern part of the
interior is hilly, and the northern part is
undulating. The seats are Ayton Castle,
Gunsgreen, Netherbyres, Prenderguest,
Peelwalls, and Whiterig ; and the first of
them stands near the village, was rebuilt
in 1851, and occupies the site of an ancient
fortalice which figured in the Border war-
fare. A public school is at Burnmouth.

BA, island in Applecross parish, Ross-
shire.

BA, lake and rivulet in Torosay parish,
Mull Island, Argyleshire.

BA, hill in Drumblade parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

BAADS, estate in West Calder parish,
Edinburghshire.

BAADS, battlefield in 960, between the
Scots and the Danes, near Cullen, Banff-
shire.

BABERTNESS, headland, 6 miles east-
by-south of St. Andrews, Fife.

BABERTON, seat in Currie parish, Edin-
burghshire. It is said to have belonged to
James VI., and it was occupied for some
time by Charles x. of France.

BABYLON, quondam Owenite establish-
ment, near Bellshill, Lanarkshire. It cost
about £48,000, and went to utter ruin.

BACHBEG and BACHMORE, two of the
Treshinish isles, near north-west coast of
Mull, Argyleshire.

BACK, village in Stornoway parish, Lewis,
Outer Hebrides. It has a post office under
Stornoway, and a Free church. Pop. 582.

BACKBURN, place, with public school, in
Beith parish, Ayrshire.

BACKIES, village and ruined Pictish
tower in Golspie parish, Sutherland. The
village has a public school, with about 64
scholars.

BAC

2'

"J

BAL

BACKIES, hunting-lodge in Glenbucket
parish, Aberdeenshire.

BACKLESS, hill in Watten parish, Caith-
ness.

BACKMUIR, village in Liff parish, south-
west border of Forfarshire.

BACKMUIR, village in Largo parish,
Fife.

BACKWATER, hamlet, and affluent of
the Isla, in Lintrathen parish, Forfarshire.
The hamlet has a public school.

BADCALL, rivulet, bay, and hamlet,
in Edderachyllis parish, Sutherland. The
rivulet receives the outflow of a chain of
small trouting lakes, and runs 6 miles
westward to the bay ; the bay extends
about 1^ mile to the sea, and is sheltered
at its mouth by a group of islets ; and the
hamlet lies at the bay's head, and has the
parochial church, and a public school with
about 69 scholars.

BADDAGYIE, lake in Coigach district,
Cromartyshire.

BADEN, lake in upper part of Kildonan
parish, Sutherland.

BADENOCH, district in south-east of
Inverness-shire. It comprises the basin of
the Spey, from the sources of that river to
vicinity of Upper Craigellachie ; measures
about 35 miles in length and 28 miles in
breadth ; is bounded on one side by sum-
mits of the Central Gi-ampians, on the other
side by the summits of the Monadhleadh
Mountains ; and, excepting tracts adjacent
to the river, exhibits everywhere a wildly
Highland character. It belonged anciently
to the Comyns, and passed, in the time of
Robert n., to the ' Wolf of Badenoch,' the
Earl of Buchan.

BADENSCOTH, village in Auchterless
parish, Aberdeenshire. It has a post office
under Aberdeen, a banking office, and 2
public schools, male and female, with
about 79 and 76 scholars.

BADENTOY, place, with public school, in
Banchory-Devenick parish, Kincardine-
shire.

BADENYON, quondam old castle, cele-
brated in the song of ' John o' Badeny on, '
in Glenbucket parish, Aberdeenshire.

BAH. See Ba.

BAHIA, sea-loch in north-east of Barra
Island, Outer Hebrides.

BAIDLAND, hill in Dairy parish, Ayr-
shire.

BAIKIE, quondam noble castle in Airlie
parish, Forfarshire.

BAILEUR, place on south-east side, near
mouth of Loch Killisport, Argyleshire.

BAILLIESTON, town and quoad sacra
parish in the north of Lanarkshire. The
town stands 6f miles east of Glasgow, and
has a post office under Glasgow, a railway
station, and Established, Free, United
Presbyterian, and Episcopalian churches.
Pop. 2927. The quoad sacra parish bears
the alternative name of Crosshill. Pop.
3477.

BAINSFORD, suburb of Falkirk, Stirling-
shire. It stands on the Forth and Clyde

canal, about a mile north of Falkirk
proper ; connects, in street continuity,
with Grahamstown ; and has a Free
church of 1880, and industrial connection
with Carron ironworks.

BALADO, railway station, 3 miles east of
Crook of Devon, Kinross-shire.

BALAKLAVA, village a little west of
Johnstone, Renfrewshire. It was founded
in 1856 in connection with ironstone mines.

BALALLAN, village in Lochs parish,
Lewis, Outer Hebrides. Pop. 535.

BALAS, seat in Cupar parish, Fife.

BALBARDIE, seat and lake near Bath-
gate, Linlithgowshire.

BALBEGGIE, village, miles north-east
of Perth. It has a post office under Perth,
a United Presbyterian church, and a public
school with about 51 scholars.

BALBEGNO, castle of 1509, near Fetter-
cairn, Kincardineshire.

BALBEUCHLY, estate in Auchterhouse
parish, Forfarshire.

BALBIRNIE, village and seat near Mark-
inch, Fife. The village is called Balbirnie
Mills.

BALBIRNIE, village in Ruthven parish,
Forfarshire.

BALBITHAN, old seat inKeithhall parish,
Aberdeenshire. It figures in the history
of the Marquis of Montrose, and in that of
the fugitives from Culloden field.

BALBLAIR, place in Kilmorack parish,
Inverness-shire. It has a public school with
about 105 scholars.

BALBLAIR, place in Fodderty parish,
Ross-shire.

BALBLAIR, lofty terrace, about a mile
west of Nairn. It was the camping-place
of the royal army on the eve of the battle
of Culloden.

BALBROGIE, village in Coupar-Angus
parish, Perthshire.

BALBUNNOCK, village in Longf organ
parish, Perthshire.

BALCARRES, seat of Sir Coutts T.
Lindsay, Bart., in Kilconquhar parish,
Fife. It is a renovated Tudor edifice, and
it belonged to the ancestors of the Earl of
Crawford, and gives him the titles of
baron and earl.

BALCARRY, seat and headland in
Rerrick parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

BALCASKIE, seat of Sir Robert An-
struther, Bart., 2 miles north-west of
Pittenweem, Fife.

BALCASTLE, hamlet in Slamannan
parish, Stirlingshire.

BALCASTLE, ancient Caledonian fort,
near Kilsyth, Stirlingshire.

BALCHRISTIE, seat on site of ancient
Culdee cell, near Colinsburgh, Fife.

BALCLADDICH, bay, 6£ miles north-
west of Lochinver, Sutherland.

BALCLUTHA,place mentioned in Ossian,
supposed to be Dumbarton rock or castle.

BALCOMIE, quondam seat of the Earls
of Kellie, near Crail, Fife. It was once-
very large, but became curtailed into a
j farmhouse.

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BALCONY, castellated mansion, formerly
a seat of the Earls of Ross, near Evanton,
Ross-shire.

BALCRUVIE, ruined ancient castle in
Largo parish, Fife.

BALCURVIE, village in Markinch parish,
Fife. It has a public school with about
83 scholars.

BALDERNOCK, parish on south border
of Stirlingshire, averagely 1\ miles north
of Glasgow. Post town, Glasgow. Acres,
4322. Real property in 1880-81, £3868.
Pop. 569. The surface rises from the
river Kelvin to the skirt of Campsie Fells,
and comprises successively alluvial flat,
swelling knolls, and moorish hill. The
minerals include coal, lime, ironstone, fire-
clay, pyrites, and alum-ore ; and an in-
teresting antiquity is the large cromlech,
called Auld Wife's Lift. The churches
are Established and Free. The public
school has accommodation for 105 scholars.

BALDOON, estate, with ruined castle, \\
miles south- south-west of "Wigton. The
castle was the scene of the incident which
suggested to Sir Walter Scott the tragic
end of his Bride of Lammermoor .

BALDOVAN, village, with railway sta-
tion, 7f miles north-north- west of Dundee.
Baldovan House is the seat of Sir John
Ogilvie, Bart.

BALDOVIE, hamlet and seat near Kirrie-
muir, Forfarshire. The hamlet has a post
office under Dundee.

BALDOWRIE, seat on south-west border
of Forfarshire, near Coupar- Angus.

BALDRAGON, railway station, 8f miles
north-north-west of Dundee.

BALDRIDGE, estate and suburb on north-
west side of Dunfermline, Fife. The
suburb has a public school with about 240
scliolctrs

BALERNO, village on Water of Leith, 7
miles south-west of Edinburgh. It has a
post office, with money order department,
under Currie, a railway station, a United
Presbyterian church, and a public school
with about 112 scholars. Pop. 474.

BALFIELD, hamlet in Lethnot parish,
Forfarshire.

BALFOUR, remnant of castle built by
Cardinal Beaton, in Kingoldrum parish,
Forfarshire.

BALFOUR, seat on the Leven, in Mark-
inch parish, Fife.

BALFOUR, seat near Kincardine O'Neil,
Aberdeenshire.

BALFOUR, hamlet and splendid modern
mansion in Shapinshay Island, Orkney.
The hamlet has a post office under Kirk-
wall.

BALFRISHEL, village in Boleskine
parish, Inverness-shire.

BALFRON, town and parish in Strath-
endrick district, Stirlingshire. The town
stands on Endrick river, 1\ mile east of a
railway station of its own name, 19f miles
west-south-west of Stirling ; is a neat
modern seat of manufacture, and has a
post office, with money order and telegraph

departments, under Glasgow, a banking
office, a parochial church, a United Pres-
byterian church, and a public school with
about 147 scholars. Pop. 970. — The parish
contains also Holm of Balfron hamlet, and
is about 11 miles long and 3 miles broad.
Acres, 7820. Real property in 1880-81,
£7767. Pop. 1327. The surface includes
a fine tract of 6 miles along the Endrick,
and rises thence northward to Balgair
Moor. There are a Free church for Kill-
earn and Balfron, a United Presbyterian
church at Holm of Balfron, and 2 public
schools for 288 scholars.

BALGAIR, estate in Balfron parish,
Stirlingshire.

BALGARVIE, seat in Monimail parish,
Fife.

B ALGA VIES, seat and lake near Auld-
bar railway station, Forfarshire.

BALGAY, wooded hill, with public park,
in north-western outskirts of Dundee.

BALGEDDIE, hamlet in Portmoak parish,
Kinross-shire. It has a United Presby-
terian church.

BALGIE, rivulet in Applecross parish,
Ross-shire.

BALGLASS, estate in Killearn parisb,
Stirlingshire. An ancient fortalice on it
is believed to have been a retreat of Sir
William Wallace.

BALGONAR, seat in Saline parish, Fife.

BALGONE, seat of Sir George Suttie,
Bart., in North Berwick parish, Hadding-
tonshire.

BALGONIE, or MILTON OF BALGONIE,

quoad sacra parish with village on river
Leven, 2 miles south-east of Markinch,
Fife. It has a post office under Markinch,
an Established church with 650 sittings,
and a public school with about 80 scholars.
Pop. 1394. Coalton, or Coalton of Bal-
gonie, village is in the vicinity. Pop. 419.
Balgonie House and Balgonie Castle are
also in the vicinity, and the latter is a large
ancient baronial fortalice, and was once a
seat of the Earls of Leven.

BALGOWAN, railway station, estate,
and public school, 9 miles west of Perth.
The school has about 87 scholars.

BALGOWN, bay in Kirkmaiden parish,
Wigtonshire.

BALGOWNIE, seat and bridge in Old
Machar parish, Aberdeenshire.

BALGRAY, hamlet on the Kelvin, about
3 miles north -north-west of Glasgow.
Nearly 30 fossil trees were discovered
in a quarry here, about 1828, all exogenous,
standing close to one another in their
natural position.

BALGRAY, hamlet in Tealing parish,
Forfarshire.

BALGREGGAN, seat in Stoneykirk
parish, Wigtonshire.

BALHADDIE, hamlet in Ardoch parish,
Perthshire.

BALHARY, seat in Alyth parish, Perth-
shire.

BALIGARVE, place, with public school,
in Lismore parish, Argyleshire.

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BALIGIL, burn on east boundary of
Farr parish, Sutherland.

BALIGRUNDLE, place, with public
school, in Lismore parish, Argyleshire.

BALINTORE. See Ballintoke.

BALINTRAID, harbour with pier in
Kilmuir-Easter parish, Eoss-shire.

BALISHEAR, island, about 3^ miles long,
near south-west coast of North XJist, Outer
Hebrides. Pop. 197.

BALKAIL, seat adjacent to Glenluce,
Wigtonshire.

BALKELLO, hamlet in Tealing parish,
Forfarshire.

BALLACHULISH, town on northern
verge of Argyleshire, and quoad sacra
parish, partly also in Inverness-shire.
The town comprises Ballachulish Ferry on
Loch Leven, 11J miles south-south-west
of Fort-William, and Ballachulish quarries,
in mouth of Glencoe, a short distance to
the east ; is a centre of business, and of
tourist routes for an extensive surround-
ing country ; and has a post office, with
telegraph, under Fort-William, a banking
office, a hotel, an Established church,
enlarged in 1880, a Free church, and
a notable Episcopalian church. Slate
quarries here began to be worked in 1697,
underwent great stimulation in 1863,
and yield about 15,000,000 of slates a
year. Pop. of the town, 1075. — The quoad
sacra parish excludes the town, and is
called either North Ballachulish or Balla-
chulish and Ardgour, and has Established,
Free, and Episcopalian churches. Pop. 749.

BALLAGAN, cascade of 70 feet on
Blane river, at its emergence from Lennox
Hills, in Strathblane, Stirlingshire.

BALLANBREICH (popularly BAM-
BREICH), barony on the Tay, in Flisk
parish, Fife. It gives the- title of baroness
to the Countess of Rothes, and it retains
ruins of a magnificent ancient castle.

BALLANDARG, seat in Kirriemuir
parish, Forfarshire.

BALLANGEICH, ancient footway from
north side of Stirling Castle, Stirling. It
was James v.'s line of exit on his eccentric
incognito expeditions, and gave him the
popular soubriquet of 'Gudeman o' Ballan-
geich.'

BALLANREE, cliff at Berigonium on
Ardchattan coast, Argyleshire. Its name
signifies 'King's town,' and aids the
traditional fancy that Berigonium was a
capital or royal city of Dalriada.

BALLANTRAE, village and parish in
south-western extremity of Ayrshire.
The village stands on Stinchar river, near
the' sea, 12^ miles south-south-west of
Gii -van, and has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Girvan, a banking office, an inn, an
artificial tidal harbour, Established and
Free churches, and a public school with
about 201 scholars. Pop. 424. —The
parish contains also Glenapp hamlet, and
is about 10 miles long and nearly 10 miles
broad. Acres, 33,561. Real property in

1880-81, £15,214. Pop. 1442. The land
is much diversified, and rises from low
ground on the shore to mountains on
the flank of the Southern Highlands.
There are 4 schools for 366 scholars, and 2
of them and a class-room for 170 are new.

BALLAT, bog in Drymen parish, Stir-
lingshire. It lies at the watershed between
the Clyde and the Forth, yet is only 222
feet above sea-level.

BALLATER, village on the Dee, 43£
miles west-by-south of Aberdeen. It
presents a pleasant appearance, amid
charming environs ; is a favourite summer
resort, both for its own sake and for the
sake of its vicinity to Pannanich wells ;
and has a post office, with money order
and telegraph departments, under Aber-
deen, a railway station, 2 banking offices,
a hotel, an Albert Memorial Hall of 1875,
barracks for soldiers in summer attendance
on the Queen, a fine bridge in lieu of 2
previous bridges swept away by floods, a
water supply of 1873, Established and
Free churches, and a public school with
about 87 scholars. Pop. 759. — Ballater
Pass, beyond a hill in the north-western
vicinity, is a precipitous wooded gorge ;
and Ballater or Monaltrie House stands
near the pass's south-east end.

BALLATRICH, farmhouse, where Lord
Byron lived when a boy, near Ballater,
Aberdeenshire.

BALLECHIN, seat in Logierait parish,
Perthshire.

BALLEDGARNO, or BALLERNO, village
and seat in Inchture parish, Perthshire.

BALLENACH, place near west end of
Crinan Canal, Argyleshire.

BALLENCRIEFF, a seat of Lord Elibank,
in Aberlady parish, Haddingtonshire.

BALLENCRIEFF, stream, running north-
westward to the Avon, in Torphichen
parish, Linlithgowshire.

BALLENDRICK, seat in Dunbarny par-
ish, Pertb shire.

BALLENDRUM, place in Glenmoriston,
Inverness-shire.

BALLESHARE. See Balisheak.

BALLEYAIRD, place, 3 miles north of
Grantown, Elginshire.

BALLIANLAY, place in North Bute
parish, Buteshire. It has a public school
with about 46 scholars.

BALLIGRO GAN, place, 6J miles west-
south-west of Campbelton, Argyleshire.

BALLIKINRAIN, seat near Killearn,
Stirlingshire.

BALLIMORE, seat in Kilfinan parish,
Argyleshire.

BALLINDALLOCH, hamlet and mansion
on the Spey, 9f miles south-west of Aber-
lour, Banffshire. The hamlet has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Craigellachie, and a
railway station. The mansion is a
seat of Sir George Macpherson - Grant,
Bart.

BALLINDALLOCH, estate and factory in
I Balfron parish, Stirlingshire.

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BALLINDEAN, hamlet, mansion, and
hill, in Inchture parish, Perthshire.

BALLINGRY (popularly BINGRY), parish,
containing small part of Lochgelly post
town, Fife. Acres, 4621. Eeal property
in 1880-81, £8036. Pop., quoad civilia,
1065 ; quoad sacra, 460. About one-
third is under the plough. Binarty Hill,
screening south end of Loch Leven, is
partly within the northern border. The
drained bed of Loch Ore, once a consider-
able lake, lies in the northern section.
Lochore House, between that and Binarty,
is a prominent feature. The site of a
Roman camp, thought to have been the
scene of a victory over the ninth Roman
Legion by the Caledonians, lies to the
west of that mansion. The church was
renovated in 1876, and the public school is
new, and has capacity for 250 scholars.

BALLINLUIG, village, 8J miles north-
north-west of Dunkeld, Perthshire. It
stands adjacent to deflection of branch
railway to Aberfeldy, and has a station
there and a head post office.

BALLINTORE, fishing village, about 7
miles south - east of Tairi, Ross-shire.
Pop. 435.

BALLINTUIM, hamlet in Kirkmichael
parish, Perthshire. It has a post office
under Blairgowrie, and a public school
with about 63 scholars.

BALLO, one of the Sidlaw Hills, in Long-
forgan parish, Perthshire.

BALLOCH, village on Leven river, near
foot of Loch Lomond, 4^ miles north of
Dumbarton. It adjoins the junction of
Vale of Leven and Forth and Clyde Rail-
ways ; communicates by a railway of about
7 furlongs with a steamboat pier on Loch
Lomond ; and has a railway station, an
excellent hotel, and a fine suspension
bridge. Pop. 159. Balloch Castle, in
its vicinity, is a modern seat ; and a pre-
vious Balloch Castle, now extinct, was a
fortified seat of the Earls of Lennox.

BALLOCH, village in Inverness parish,
Inverness-shire

BALLOCH, small lake at foot of Torlum,
Muthil parish, Perthshire.

BALLOCH, original pile of Taymouth
Castle, Perthshire.

BALLOCH, hill, 1199 feet high, near
Keith, Banffshire.

BALLOCH, hill on north-west boundary
of Kildonan parish, Sutherland.

BALLOCHLEAM, battle-field between
the Grahams and the Leckies, near
boundary between Gargunnock and Kip-
pen parishes, Stirlingshire.

BALLOCHMORIE, seat in Colmonell
parish, Ayrshire.

BALLOCHMYLE, seat and grounds, sung
by the poet Burns, on the river Ayr, 1^
miles south - east of Mauchline, Ayr-
shire.

BALLOCHNEY, suburb of Airdrie, and
part of Monkland railway system, Lanark-
shire.

BALLOCHVOY, village, about 4 miles

west - south - west of Tobermory, Mull
Island, Argyleshire.

BALLOGIE, seat, small Roman Catholic
chapel, and public school with about 73
scholars, in Birse parish, Aberdeenshire.

BALLONE, dilapidated, large, ancient
castle of the Earls of Ross, in Tarbat
parish, Ross-shire.

BALLUMBIE, seat and remains of old
castle in Murroes parish, Forfarshire.

BALLYGRANT, place in south-east of
Islay Island, Argyleshire. It has a post
office under Greenock.

BALLYOUKIN, seat near Pitlochrie,
Perthshire.

BALLYPHUILL, hamlet in Kincardine
parish, Ross-shire.

BALLYSHEAR, seat in Southend parish,
Argyleshire.

BALMACAAN, seat of the Earl of Sea-
field, in lower valley of Urquhart, near
Loch Ness, Inverness-shire.

BALMACARRA, seat and hotel on north
side of Loch Alsh, Ross-shire.

BALMACLELLAN, village and parish in
north of Kirkcudbrightshire. The village
stands on Ken river, 1^ mile north of
New Galloway, and has a post office under
New Galloway. The parish extends from
the Ken to the boundary with Dumfries-
shire at Loch Urr, and is about 14 miles
long and 10 miles broad. Acres, 23,019.
Real property in 1880-81, £11,565. Pop. ,
quoad civilia, 937; quoad sacra, 787.
The tract, for 2 or 3 miles from the
Ken, is low ground, diversified by ' drums,'
and the rest of the surface is chiefly an
assemblage of moors, mosses, and rugged
hills. There are 3 public schools, with
about 168 scholars.

BALMADIES, estate, with Ochterlony
mansion, in Rescobie parish, Forfarshire.

BALMAE, seat near Kirkcudbright,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

BALMAGHIE, parish on right side of
the Dee, near Castle-Douglas, Kirkcud-
brightshire. It is about 9 miles long and
7 miles broad, and comprises 21,069 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £11,920. Pop.
924. Much of the land adjacent to the
Dee is meadow, most in the south-east is
level, and the rest is a mixture of hills,
hollows, lakes, and morasses. 3 of the
lakes have much attraction for anglers,
and one of them adjoins a hotel and a spa.
The chief seats are Balmaghie House
and Duchrae ; the chief antiquity is
Thrieve Castle, and a chief association is
with the history of the Covenanters. The
churches are Established and Free ; and
there are 3 public schools, with about 180
scholars.

BALMAHA, village on east shore of
Loch Lomond, about 11 miles north-by-
east of Dumbarton. It has a pier and a
large chemical work, and it adjoins a
mountain pass by which the Highland
caterans made descents into the Lowlands.

BALMAKEWAN, seat in Mary kirk parish „
Kincardineshire.

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BALMALCOLM, village in Kettle parish,
Fife.

BALMANGAN, small harbour, and ruined
ancient tower, at mouth of the Dee's
estuary, Kirkcudbrightshire.

BALMANNO, fine old baronial fortalice,
converted into farmhouse, 2| miles west of
Abernethy, Perthshire.

BALMANNO, seat in Marykirk parish,
Kincardineshire.

BALMAODAN, old parish, now called
Ardchattan, Argyleshire. Remains of old
church, bearing the old name, still exist.

BALMASHANNAR, hill, with quarry,
near Forfar.

BALMBRAE, village in Falkland parish,
Fife.

BALMEDIE, hamlet in Belhelvie parish,
Aberdeenshire. It has a public school
with about 141 scholars.

BALMEECHY, place in Fearn parish,
Ross-shire. It has a public school with
about 57 scholars.

BALMERINO (popularly BALMIRNIE),
village and parish on Firth of Tay, Fife.
The village stands 4j miles west-south-west
of Newport, is near remains of an abbey
founded in 1229, and gave the peerage title
of baron to the family of Elphinstone,
attainted in 1746. — The parish contains
also the villages of Galdry and Coultry ;
and its post town is Newport. Acres,
3431. Real property in 1880-81, £6926.
Pop. 664. The shore is bold and rocky,
and the interior includes a fertile valley be-
tween two hill-ridges. Birkhill, Naughton
House, and Naughton Castle are chief
objects ; and the last is a vestige of a struc-
ture said to have been built by a natural son
of William the Lion. The public school
has about 97 scholars.

BALMORAL, royal castle on the Dee, 7
miles west-south-west of Ballater, Aber-
deenshire. It occupies a charming site,
with splendid views ; it has grounds ex-
tending, jointly with those of Abergeldie
and Birkhall, about 11 miles along the
Dee ; it superseded a previous edifice,
which belonged to the Earl of Fife, and
was purchased and occupied by the royal
family ; it was erected in 1853, after designs
by Smith of Aberdeen, under direction of
the Prince Consort ; it is in modified form
of the old Scottish baronial style, and it
comprises 2 blocks, connecting wings, and a
projecting tower 35 feet square and 80 feet
high.

BALMORE, village and haughsin Balder-
nock parish, Stirlingshire.

BALMULE, seat in Dunfermline parish,
Fife.

BALMULLO, village, 3 miles south-south-
east of Newport, Fife. It has a post office
under Leuchars, a United Original Seces-
sion church, and a public school with
about 95 scholars. Pop. 258.

BALMUNGO, seat, if mile south of St.
Andrews, Fife.

BALMURE, seat in Mains parish, Forfar-
shire.

BALMUTO, seat, with ancient tower, in
Kinghorn parish, Fife.

BALNABOTH, seat near Kirriemuir,
Forfarshire.

BALNABRUACH, fishing village in Nigg
parish, Ross-shire.

BALNACRAIG, estate, with old mansion
and Carlogie House, in Aboyne parish,
Aberdeenshire.

BALNAGOWAN, seat in Kilmuir-Easter
parish, Ross-shire. It belonged once to
the Earls of Ross, and belongs now to Sir
Charles W. F. A. Ross, Bart.

BALNAGUARD, village in Little Dun-
keld parish, Perthshire.

BALNAHUA, island midway between
Lunga and Easdale, Argyleshire. It mea-
sures only about a mile in circuit, but is
all one slate quarry. Pop. 108.

BALNAKIEL, old seat, first of the
Bishops of Sutherland, next of Lords
Reay, in Durness parish, Sutherland.

BALNAMOON, seat in Menmuir parish,
Forfarshire.

BALNAPALING, fishing village in Nigg
parish, Ross-shire.

BALNASUIN, hamlet in Weem parish,
Perthshire.

BALQUHAIN, seat and ruined ancient
castle in Chapel of Garioch parish, Aber-
deenshire. The castle was occupied by
Queen Mary on the eve of the battle of
Corrachie, and was burnt by the Duke of
Cumberland in 1746.

BALQUHAPPLE, old chapelry, now part
of Kincardine parish, Perthshire.

BALQUHATSON, estate, with rich coal
mines, in Slamannan parish, Stirling-
shire.

BALQUHIDDER, village and parish in
south-west of Perthshire. The village
stands near foot of Loch Voil, If mile
west of King's House railway station, and
12^ north-west of Callander, and has a
post office under Crieff, a handsome
parochial church of 1855, a Free church, a
public school with about 61 scholars, and
a churchyard, containing the grave and
rude monument of Rob Roy. — The parish
contains also the villages of Lochearn-
head and Strath yre, and is about 18 miles
long and 6^ miles broad. Acres, 54,675.
Real property in 1880-81, £8832. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 759 ; quoad sacra, 627.
The outline is somewhat triangular, and
projects a long acute angle to the west.
The borders, except at head of Loch Earn
and at upper part of Loch Lubnaig, consist
of portions of the Grampians, the song-
celebrated 'Braes o' Balquhidder.' The
chief part of the interior is a strath,
watered by Loch Doine, Loch Voil, and the
stream running thence to Loch Lubnaig.
The seats are Stronvar, Edinchip, and
Edinample.

BALQUHOLLY, ancient castle, mostly
superseded by Hatton Castle, in Turriff
parish, Aberdeenshire.

BALRUDDERY, seat in Liff parish, For-
farshire.

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BALRYMONTH (East and West), two
liills in St. Andrews parish, Fife.

BALSHANDIE, lake in Lundie parish,
Forfarshire.

BALTA, islet near east side of Unst
Island, Shetland.

BALTA SOUND, land-locked bay and
hamlet on east side of Unst Island, Shet-
land. The bay is 2 miles long, and
looks like a lake ; and the hamlet has a
post office, with money order and telegi-aph
departments, under Lerwick, and a public
school with about 57 scholars.

BALTHAYOCK, section of Kinnoul
parish, with modern mansion, and ruined
ancient strong fortalice, in eastern vicinity
of Perth.

BALVAIG, stream, traversing Lochs
Doine and "Voil, and entering Loch Lub-
naig, Perthshire.

BALVAIRD, a seat of the Earl of Mans-
field, in Fife section of Abernethy parish.

BALVAIRD, seat near Eutherglen,
Lanarkshire.

BALVENNY, dilapidated seat of the Earl
of Fife, in Mortlach parish, Banffshire.

BALVICAR, village on Seil Island,
Argyle shire.

BAL VRAID, place, with public school, in
Dornoch parish, Sutherland.

BALWAHANAID, hamlet in Weem par-
ish, Perthshire.

BALWEARIE, remains of strong ancient
baronial fortalice, in Abbotshall parish,
Fife. The fortalice belonged to a branch
of the family of Scott ; was the residence,
in the 13th century, of the famous reputed
wizard, Sir Michael Scott ; passed to the
Melvilles ; and gives the title of baron to
the Earl of Leven.

BALWHERNE, village in Methven
parish, Perthshire.

BAMBREICH. See Ballanbreich.

BAMFF, seat of Sir James H. Ramsay,
Bart., in Alyth parish, Perthshire.

BAMIRNIE. See Balmerino.

BANAVTE, place on Caledonian Canal,
mile from the canal's end near Fort-
William, Inverness-shire. It occurs im-
mediately above the grand ascending series
of 8 locks, and has a post office, with tele-
graph, under Fort- William, and a hotel.

BANCHORY, village on the Dee, 17 miles
west-south-west of Aberdeen. It is modern
and neatly built, attracts many summer
visitors, and has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Aberdeen, a railway station, 3 bank-
ing offices, a hotel, a town hall of 1873, an
Established church with nearly 1200
sittings, a Free church of 1880, an
Episcopalian church, and a public school
with about 123 scholars. Pop. 681.

BANCHORY-DEVENICK, parish on lower
reach of the Dee, in Aberdeenshire and
Kincardineshire. It has a post office under
Aberdeen. The Aberdeenshire section
comprises only 33 acres, and is within
Aberdeen parliamentary burgh ; but it
formerly comprised also other 2268 acres,

transferred in 1867 to Peterculter. Pop.
1216. The Kincardineshire section con-
tains Findon and Portlethen villages,
includes 3 miles of coast, and is 5 miles
long and 2|- miles broad. Acres, 7739.
Real property in 1880-81, £14,412. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 8101 ; quoad sacra, 1707. The
coast is bold and rocky, and the interior is
mostly rugged and stony. Chief things
of interest are the reach of the Dee, and
2 ancient Caledonian stone circles.
The churches are Established and Free.
There are 2 public schools for 590
scholars, and 1 of them and class-rooms
for 240 are new.

BANCHORY-TERNAN, parish on the
Dee, in Aberdeenshire and Kincardine-
shire. It contains Banchory village, and
is 8^ miles long and 1\' miles broad.
Acres of the Aberdeenshire part, 1058.
Real property in 1880-81 not reported.
Acres of the Kincardineshire part, 19,021.
Real property in 1880-81, £19,659. Pop.
3066. The northern section begins with
the lofty isolated hill of Fare, but is
elsewhere comparatively low ; the middle
section is part of the valley of the
Dee ; and the southern section includes a
lofty hill-ridge, and terminates in one of
the Grampians. Chief features are the
mansions of Crathes Castle and Tilwhilly
Castle, and the bed of the large drained
lake of Leys. The churches and a central
school are in Banchory village ; and there
are altogether 5 public schools, with about
scholars

BANCLEROCHE, seat at mouth of Kirk-
ton Glen, Campsie parish, Stirlingshire.

BANDIRRAN, seat in Kettins parish,
Forfarshire.

BANDIRRAN (SOUTH), detached section
of Caputh parish, surrounded by Collace,
Perthshire.

BANDRUM, seat in Saline parish, Fife.

BANETON, village in Kennoway parish,
Fife.

BANFF, town and parish on coast of
Banffshire. The town stands at mouth of
river Deveron, 50 miles north of Aberdeen,
and is a parliamentary burgh and a head
port ; but as such comprises 2 towns,
Banff proper and Macduff, about \ mile
distant from each other, on opposite sides
of the river, there spanned by an elegant
seven-arched bridge. Banff proper is on
the left bank, occupies a diversified hill
slope, presents exteriorly a picturesque
j appearance, commands fine views, and
has charming environs, including the
noble park of Duff House. It sprang
from a sti'ong royal castle, as early as at
least the time of Malcolm IV. ; it very
soon became a royal burgh ; it now com-
prises several well-built streets ; it was
destined in 1877 to undergo handsome
extension ; and it has a head post office
with all departments, a railway station,
5 banking offices, 5 hotels, a steepled
town hall, a recently erected court-house,
an interesting museum, a large library, a

BAN

35

BAN

fine recent bath-house, Established, Free,
United Presbyterian, and Episcopalian
churches ; Congregational, Wesleyan,
United Brethren, and Roman Catholic
chapels ; a burgh public school and a
number of other public schools ; publishes
a weekly newspaper; and carries on
woollen manufacture, iron-founding, and
other industries. The ancient castle
figured much in history, and is now repre-
sented, by a plain modern structure. The
Established church is conspicuous, and
contains 1500 sittings. The United Pres-
byterian church was erected in 1880, and
superseded an old one. The Episcopalian
church is small but elegant. The commerce
of the port in 1879 comprised 459 British
vessels, of 34,379 tons, and 34 foreign
vessels, of 2788 tons, inward ; and 441
British vessels, of 33,196 tons, and 26
foreign vessels, of 2029 tons, outward.
Real property of the parliamentary burgh
inl880-81, £12,192. Pop. of the royal burgh,
4185 ; of the parliamentary burgh, 7871.

The paiish is about 6^ miles long south-
westward, but not more than about 2
miles broad. Acres, 6073. Real property
of landward part in 1880-81, £6351. Pop. ,
quoad civilia, 5200 ; quoad sacra, 4810.
The northern section rises nowhere higher
than about 250 feet above sea-level, yet is
picturesquely diversified; and the southern
section contains considerably higher ground,
yet presents a very tame appearance. A
prominent feature is the Earl of Fife's
seat of Duff House, and a chief antiquity
is Inchdrewer Castle. There are, for the
burgh, the landward districts, and the
quoad sacra parish of Ord, 13 schools,
with accommodation for 1698 scholars.

BANFFSHIRE, seaboard county in north-
east of Scotland. It includes St. Fergus
parish and Straloch estate, surrounded by
distant parts of Aberdeenshire, but consists
chiefly of continuous country, extending
from Moray Firth south-south-westward to
Cairngorm Mountains. This main body
measures 32 miles along the coast and 50
miles inward, but is averagely not more
than about 12 miles broad, and the entire
county has an area of 686 square miles.
The southern section, to the extent of not
more than one-half of the entire length,
but with an average breadth of only about
8 miles, is wildly mountainous, partly
alpine, with intersections of glen and vale ;
and the northern section is a diversity of
pastoral hills, many-shaped eminences,
and rich tracts of small plain and long
valley. The principal rivers are the Spey,
on reaches of the western boundary ; the
Deveron, mostly near or on the eastern
boundary ; the Aven and the Fiddich, run-
ning to the Spey ; the Isla, running to the
Deveron ; and the Boyne, entering the sea
between Banff and Portsoy. Serpentine
and marble are near Portsoy ; good slate
is near Banff and Keith; and limestone
abounds throughout extensive tracts. The
arable land forms a comparatively small

portion of the entire area ; and its soil for
the most part is either a stiff deep clay,
a deep black loam, or a mixture of moss
or gravel. The fisheries are extensive,
but the manufactures are of small value.
The towns with each more than 3000
inhabitants are Banff, Macduff, Buckie,
and Keith ; the towns with each more
than 1000 inhabitants are Cullen, Portsoy,
Aberchirder, Dufftown, and Portnockie;
the villages with each more than 600
inhabitants are Port Gordon, Porteasy,
Whitehills, Gardenstown, Findochty, and
Newmills ; and the villages with each
more than 300 inhabitants are Charles-
town, Tomintoul, Fefcterangus, and For-
dyce. Real property in 1880-81, £239,298.
Pop. in 1871, 62,023 ; in 1881, 62,751.

BANGOUR, estate in Uphall parish,
Linlithgowshire.

BANK, place in Old Deer parish, Aber-
deenshire. It has a public school with
about 114 scholars.

BANKEND, village in Caerlaverock par-
ish, Dumfriesshire. It has a post office
under Dumfries.

BANKEND, hamlet in Kirkgunzeon
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

BANKFOOT, village, 3 miles west-north-
west of Stanley Junction, Perthshire. It
is modern, was the birth-place of the poet
Nicol, and has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Perth, a United Presbyterian church, and
a public school with about 40 scholars.
Pop. 627.

BANKFOOT, hamlet in Coylton parish,
Ayrshire.

BANKHEAD, suburb of Wick, Caithness.

BANKHEAD, village and colliery in
Dreghorn and Kilmarnock parishes, Ayr-
shire.

BANKHEAD, village in Newhills parish,
Aberdeenshire.

BANKHEAD, hamlet in Monikie parish,
Forfarshire. It has a public school with
about 65 scholars.

BANKHEAD, seat in Rutherglen parish,
Lanarkshire.

BANKHEAD, railway station, 2 miles
east-north-east of Carstairs Junction,
Lanarkshire.

BANKS, hamlet in Mouswald parish,
Dumfriesshire.

BANKTON, quondam seat near Tranent,
Haddingtonshire. It was the residence of
Colonel Gardiner, who fell adjacent to it
in the battle of Prestonpans, and it was
destroyed by fire about 1854.

BANKTON - PARK, village in Kettle
parish, Fife.

BANNACHRA, ruined old fortalice in
Glenfruin, Dumbartonshire.

BANNAVIE. See Banavie.

BANNISKIRK, quondam old chapel in
Halkirk parish, Caithness.

BANNOCK, rivulet, running 9 miles east-
north-eastward to the Forth, at 2h miles
below Stirling.

BANNOCKBURN, town, quoad sacra

BAN

36

BAR

parish, and battle-field, in St. Ninians
parish, Stirlingshire. The town stands
on Bannock rivulet, 2f miles south-south-
east of Stirling, is a seat of nourishing
woollen manufacture, and has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Stirling, a railway
station, Established, Free, and United
Presbyterian churches, and a public
school with about 323 scholars. Pop. of
the town, 2549 ; of the quoad sacra parish,
3281. — The battle-field, the scene of Bruce's
famous victory in 1314, lies on Bannock
rivulet, adjacent to the south end of St.
Ninians town, and retains, under an iron
grating, with surmounting flag-staff, frag-
ments of the large block of stone in which
Bruce planted his standard.

BANNO CKBURN - MUIR, suburb of
Bannockburn town, Stirlingshire. It has
a public school with about 136 scholars.

BANTASKINE, seat near Falkirk, Stir-
lingshire.

BANTON, quoad sacra parish, with
village, 1^ mile north-east of Kilsyth,
Stirlingshire. It has a post office under
Denny. Pop. of the village, 461 ; of the
parish, 793.

BARACHNIE, village in Crossbill
section of Old Monkland parish, Lanark-
shire. Pop. 279.

BARASSIE, railway station, 1 mile from
Troon, Ayrshire.

BARBARA VILLE, village in Kilmuir-
Easter parish, Ross-shire.

BARBAS WALLS , village in Buthven
parish, Forfarshire.

BARBER, hamlet in Boseneath parish,
Dumbartonshire.

BARBIESTON, modernized old baronial
fortalice near Dalrymple, Ayrshire.

BARBRECK, seat and vale in Craignish
parish, Argyleshire. The vale is believed
to have been the scene of a battle between
the Dalriadans and the Norsemen.

BARCALDINE, estate, with modern
mansion and ancient castle, on Loch
Creran, Ardchattan parish, Argyleshire.

BARCAPLE, seat "in Tongland parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

BARCLOSH, ruined ancient seat of Lord
Herries, in Kirkgunzeon parish, Kirkcud-
brightshire.

BARD, bold headland at south end of
Bressay Island, Shetland.

BARDOWIE, lake, 5 miles north-north-
west of Glasgow.

BARGALLY, seat in Minnigaff parish,
Kirkc u dbright shire .

BARGANY, seat in Dailly parish, Ayr-
shire.

BARGARRAN, place associated with a
notable trial for witchcraft, in Erskine
parish, Renfrewshire.

BARGATON, lake, 7 miles north-east of
Gatehouse, Kirkcudbrightshire.

BARGEDDIE, village and quoad sacra
parish in north of Lanarkshire. The
village stands 2h miles west of Coatbridge,
was mostly built after 1871, and has a

post office under Glasgow, and flourishing
ironworks. The parish was constituted
in 1876 ; and the church was opened near
the end of that year, and cost, with the
manse, about £9000. Pop. of the village,
659 ; of the parish, 2889.

BARGRENNAN, quoad sacra parish,
comprising part of Minnigaff in Kirkcud-
brightshire, and part of Penningham in
"Wigtonshire. It has a post office under
Newton-Stewart, and a public school.
Pop. 203 and 163.

BARHEAD. See Barrhead.

BARHILL, eminence, with vestiges of
Roman fort, in Kirkintilloch parish,
Dumbartonshrie.

BARHILL, Ayrshire. See Barrhill.

BARHOLM, seat near Creetown, Kirk-
cudbrightshire.

BARHULLION, hiU in Glasserton parish,
"Wigtonshire.

BARJARG, village and estate in Keir
parish, Dumfriesshire.

BARLEYSIDE, village in Falkirk parish,
Stirlingshire.

BARLOCCO, seat in Rerrick parish,
Kirkcu dbright shire .

BARMEKIN, lofty hill, with ancient cir-
cular fortification,inEcht parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

BARMORE, peninsula and seat on west
side of Loch Fyne, 2^ miles north of
Tarbert, Argyleshire.

BARNBARROCH, place in Colvencl
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire. It has a
public school with about 66 scholars.

BARNBARROCH, seat in Kirkinner
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

BARNBOUGLE, splendid edifice of 1880-
82, with fragment of ancient castle, on
the Firth of Forth, in Dalmeny parish,
Linlithgowshire.

BARNCLUITH, curious suite of old build-
ings and gardens, on bold bank of Avon
river, between Cadzow Castle and Hamil-
ton, Lanarkshire.

BARNHILL, eastern suburb of Glasgow.
The Barony poorhouse is here, and has
accommodation for 1500 inmates ; and a
new hospital in connection with it was
opened in 1880, and has accommodation
for 300 patients.

BARNHILL, village in Blantyre parish,
Lanarkshire. Pop. 455.

BARNHILL, village in Monifieth parish,
Forfarshire. Pop. 396.

BARNHILL, seat in Kinnoul parish,.
Perthshire.

BARNIEL, place on west side of Loch
Eck, Argyleshire.

BARNKIRK, small hill in Annan parish,
Dumfriesshire.

BARNOCK, place, with public school, in
Avondale parish, Lanarkshire.

BARNS, a seat of the Earl of "VVemyss,
on the Tweed, near influx of the Manor,
Peeblesshire.

BARNS, estate in Cleish parish, Kinross-
shire.

BARNS, ruined mansion in Grail parish,.

BAR

87

BAR

Fife. Drummond of Hawthornden wrote
here his 1 Battle of the Dunghill.''

BARNSDALE, extinct ancient castle in
Rescobie parish, Forfarshire.

BARNS (EAST), village, 2f miles south-
east of Dunbar, Haddingtonshire. It has
a public school with about 115 scholars.

BARNSHEAN, lake, 5 miles east- north-
east of Maybole, Ayrshire.

BARNS (WEST), village, 2 miles west of
Dunbar, Haddingtonshire. It has a post
office under Dunbar, and a public school
with about 162 scholars. Pop. 529.

BARNTALLOCH, extinct old castle in
Langholm parish, Dumfriesshire.

BARNTON, seat in Cramond parish,
Edinburghshire.

BARNWELL, old parish, divided between
Craigie and Tarbolton. Ayrshire.

BARNYARDS, village in Kilconquhar
parish, Fife. Pop. 350.

BAROCHAN, seat in Houston parish,
Renfrewshire.

BARONALD, seat near Lanark.

BARONY, parish, comprising large por-
tion of city and suburbs of Glasgow. It
was constituted a separate parish in 1595,
and it is now divided into numerous quoad
sacra parishes. Acres, 1789. Real pro-
perty of landward part inl880-81, £151,416.
Pop., quoad civilia, 236,622 ; quoad sacra,
6590. The parochial church stands near
the Cathedral, was built in 1801, and
is a spacious but tasteless and towerless
structure. The Barony Free church stands
a little west of that, and is a recent Norman
edifice with lofty tower. Most of the
public schools are within the city ; the
parochial poorhouse is in Barnhill suburb ;
and the parochial lunatic asylum is at
AVoodielee, near Lenzie.

BARONY, headland between Mull Sound
and Loch Linnhe, Argyleshire.

BARR, village and parish in south-east
of Carrick, Ayrshire. The village stands
on Stinchar river, 7 miles east-south-east
of Girvan, and has a post office under
Girvan, a railway station, a parochial
church, a Free church, and a public school
with about 81 scholars. — The parish
measures about 20 miles by 8, and com-
prises 54,876 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £15,104. Pop. 600. Most of
the surface is either hilly, moorish, or
mountainous ; and the arable land is only
about 1200 acres. There are 3 public
schools for 148 scholars.

BARR, place in Galston parish, Ayr-
shire. It has a public school with about
244 scholars.

BARR, glen in Killean parish, Kintyre,
Argyleshire.

BARR, estate, with roofless old castle,
in Lochwinnoch parish, Renfrewshire.

BARR, hill in St. Mungo parish, Dum-
friesshire.

BARRA, island and parish in south end of
Outer Hebrides. The island lies about 45
miles south-south-west of Lochmaddy ;
measures 9 miles in length and 5^ miles

in breadth ; is screened along the west by
vast, cavernous, shattered rocks ; rises into
roundish pastoral hills ; belonged for many
ages to the Macneils ; contains the modern
mansion of Barra Castle ; and has a post
officeunder Lochmaddy, a parochial church,
a Roman Catholic chapel, and a public
school with about 56 scholars. Pop. 1864.
— The parish includes 8 other inhabited
islands, and upwards of 12 uninhabited
ones ; and it measures about 20 miles in
length, and terminates at Barrahead. Real
property in 1880- 81, £2098. Pop. 2161.

BARRA, hill in Bourtie parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

BARRAHEAD, headland at southern
extremity of Outer Hebrides. A light-
house was erected on it in 1833, and shows
an intermittent light visible at the distance
of 32 nautical miles.

BARRAS, suburb of Lochmaben, Dum-
friesshire.

BARRAS, section of Kinneff parish,
Kincardineshire.

BARREL OF BUTTER, small skerry in
Orphir parish, Orkney.

BARRHEAD, town and quoad sacra
parish in east of Renfrewshire. The town
stands on Levern river, 6J miles south-
west of Glasgow, is a prosperous seat of
manufacture, and has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
under Glasgow, a railway station, 2
banking offices, a public hall, Established,
Free, United Presbyterian, Evangelical
Union, and Roman Catholic churches, and
2 public schools. All the churches are
modern, 1 of the schools is recent, and
the number of scholars is about 624. Pop.
of the town, 9429 ; of the parish, 6728.

BARRHILL, village on Dusk rivulet, in
centre of Colmonell parish, Ayrshire. It
has a post office, with money order depart-
ment, under Girvan, a railway station,
a banking office, a Free church, and a
public school with about 101 scholars.

BARRIE. See Barky.

BARRISDALE, seat in Glenelg parish,
Inverness-shire.

BARRMILL, village in Beith parish,
Ayrshire. It has a station on branch rail-
way, and a public school with about 95
scholars. Pop. 279.

BARROCH, seat of Sir John R. G.
Sinclair, Bart., 10 miles north-north -west
of Wick, Caithness.

BARROGILL, seat of the Earl of Caith-
ness, on north coast of Canisbay parish,
Caithness.

BARROWFIELD, eastern suburb of Glas-
gow, on quondam Borough Moor, where
Regent Moray's army encamped on eve of
battle of Langside. It has a quoad sacra
parish church, and a Free church. Pop.
of the quoad sacra parish, 8087.

BARRSCHOL, section of Rogart parish,
Sutherland.

BARRY, village and parish in south-east
extremity of Forfarshire. The village
stands 9 miles east-north-east of Dundee,

BAR

38

BAY

and has a railway station, Established and
Free churches, and a public school with
about 91 scholars. The parish contains
also most of the post town of Carnoustie,
and is about 4 miles long and 3 miles
broad. Acres, 5328. Keal property in
1880-81, £16,596. Pop., quoad civilia,
3233; quoad sacra, 1229. The coast is
flat and sandy, and includes Buddonness
at entrance of the Firth of Tay. The
interior commences with a verdant bank,
and forms a fertile flat, elevated about 50
feet above the coast. Churches and a
public school are in Carnoustie.

BARRY, hill in Alyth parish, Perth-
shire.

BARSCOBE, lake, 3 miles east of Dairy,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

BAR SHAW, seat near Paisley, Renfrew-
shire.

BAR SKIMMING, seat of Sir William F.
Miller, Bart., on the river Ayr, 2^ miles
south - west of Mauchline, Ayrshire. It
was destroyed by fire in March 1882.

BARTHOL, place in Tarves parish, Aber-
deenshire. It has a quoad sacra parish
church for a pop. of 797, and a public
school with about 121 scholars.

BARVAS, village and parish in north of
Lewis, Outer Hebrides. The village stands
on west coast, at mouth of rivulet of
its own name, about 15 miles north-north-
west of Stornoway ; and has a post office
under Stornoway, a parochial church, a
Free church, and 2 public schools with
about 89 scholars. Pop. 561. — The parish
contains also the villages of Bragar,
Knockard, Erropie, and Swainbost ; and
measures about 22 miles by 8. Acres,
89,654. Real property in 1880-81, £3109.
Pop., quoad civilia, 5325; quoad sacra,
2600. The coast is bold and rocky, and
includes the terminating promontory called
the Butt. A tract of less than a mile in
mean breadth along the shore is the only
cultivated land, and all the rest of the
interior is mossy moor. There are 6
schools for 955 scholars, and 3 of these
and 2 enlargements for 784 are new.

BARVICK, rivulet entering the Turret
near Crieff, Perthshire.

BARWHINNOCK, seat in Tvvynholm
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

BASHAW, place, with limestone and
petrifying springs, in Carluke parish,
Lanarkshire.

BASKET, place, with ironstone mines, in
Blantyre parish, Lanarkshire.

BASS, insulated basaltic crag, 3J miles
north-east of North Berwick, Haddington-
shire. It measures 350 feet in height, and
fully a mile in circumference ; is accessible
at only one point ; and was successively a
retreat of the Culdee St. Baldred, a strong-
hold of the Lauder family, a state prison
of distinguished Covenanters, and the last
place in Scotland which resisted the Revolu-
tion.

BASS, mound adjacent to Inverury, Aber-
deenshire. It was long the subject of

curious traditions, and a puzzle to anti-
quaries, but is simply an accumulation of
diluvial drift.

BASSENDEAN, old parish, now part of
"Westruther, Berwickshire.

BASTA, voe or bay on east side of Yell
Island, Shetland.

BASTLERIDGE, estate in Ayton parish,
Berwickshire.

BATHA, lake in Fortingal parish, Perth-
shire.

BATHGATE, town and parish in west of
Linlithgowshire. The town stands at a
convergence of railways, 18^ miles west-
south-west of Edinburgh ; is partly old
and irregular on an acclivity, partly new
and regular on low ground ; carries on
much business in connection with rich,
extensive, surrounding mineral field ; and
has a head post office with all departments,
4 banking offices, Established, Free,
United Presbyterian, Evangelical Union,
and Roman Catholic churches, a handsome
free academy, and a large public school.
Pop. 4S87. — The parish contains also the
town of Armadale and the village of Dur-
hamton, and is about 7f miles long and 4
miles broad. Acres, 10,876. Real property
in 1880-81, £45,234. Pop. 9450. The
north-eastern section is hilly, and the rest
is almost level. Bituminous minerals,
ironstone, and limestone are extensively
worked. Chief seats are Balbardie and
Boghead. There are 8 schools for 2367
scholars, and 3 of these, for 1250, are new.
A resolution was taken in August 1881
to erect a new parochial church.

BATHGATE AND EDINBURGH RAIL-
WAY, about 10^ miles long, from Bathgate
to a junction with the Edinburgh and Glas-
gow line of the North British system near
Ratho station. It was leased for 999 years
to the Edinburgh and Glasgow, and passed
with that to the North British.

BATTLEDYKES, farm, with remains of
Roman camp, in Oathlaw parish, Forfar-
shire.

BATTLEHILL, scene of ancient sanguin-
ary fight between the Scotch and the
English, in Annan parish, Dumfriesshire.

BATTLEHILL, scene of ancient conflict
between the Comyns and the Gordons,
near Huntly, Aberdeenshire.

BATTLEKNOWES, place, with traces of
Roman camp, in Whitsome parish, Ber-
wickshire.

BATTLELAW, scene of ancient conflict
between the Scotch and the Danes, in
Balmerino parish, Fife.

BATTOCK (MOUNT), summit, 2554 feet
high, at meeting-point of Aberdeenshire,
Kincardineshire, and Forfarshire.

BAUCHRAN, lake in Glenstrathfarrar,
Inverness-shire.

BAWKIE, bay at south end of Dunoon,
Argyleshire.

BAYBLE, 2 villages, Lower and Upper, in
Stornoway parish, Outer Hebrides. Pop.
431 and 481.

BAYFIELD, seat in Nigg parish, Ross-shire.

BAY

39

BEL

BAYHEAD, suburb of Stornoway, Outer
Hebrides.

BEACON, conical hill in Bressay Island,
Shetland.

BEALACH-NAMBO, natural terrace, on
north shoulder of Benvenue, about 800
feet above Loch Katrine, Perthshire.

BEANOCH, lake, 3 miles north-east of
Lochinver, Sutherland.

BEARSDEN, village, 5 miles north-
north-west of Glasgow. It has a post
office, with telegraph, under Glasgow, and
a railway station. Pop. 764.

BEATH, parish, containing the post office
village of Cowdenbeath, the villages of
Hill of Beath and Oakfield, and most of
the village of Kelty, in west of Fife. Its
length is about 4 miles, its breadth about

3 miles, its area 6345 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £21,493. Pop. 5442.
The surface is hilly, rugged, and diver-
sified. Beath Hill, on the south-western
boundary, has a beautiful appearance,
and commands an extensive view. Coal
abounds, and is largely worked. The
churches are Established and Free, the
latter at Kelty. There are 3 public
schools, all new, for 1150 scholars.

BEATTOCK, railway station, 2 miles
south-south- west of Moffat, and 61^ southr
by-west of Edinburgh. It has neat offices
and a hotel, and is adjacent to the post
office village of Craigitiands. A railway
from it to Moffat was begun to be formed
in December 1881.

BEAUFORT CASTLE, seat of Lord Lovat,

4 miles south-west of Beauly, Inverness-
shire. A previous castle on its site was
besieged by the English in 1303, seized and
injured by Oliver Cromwell, and utterly
destroyed after the battle of Culloden.

BEAULY, river, sea-loch, and village,
on north-west border of Inverness-shire.
The river is formed by union of the Glass
and the Farrar ; runs windingly about 10
miles north-eastward to head of the sea-
loch, and is notable for its falls of Kilmo-
rack. — The sea-loch forms part of the
boundary between Inverness-shire and
Ross-shire ; extends 7 miles eastward,
with maximum breadth of 2 miles ; and
connects, by strait of Kessock ferry,
with head of Moray Firth. — Th^ village
stands on the river near influx to the loch,
10 miles west of Inverness ; is old,
modernized, and well-built, and has a head
post office with all departments, a railway
station, 2 banking offices, a harbour, 2
hotels, ruins of a priory of 1230, an Estab-
lished church, a Free church, a Roman
Catholic chapel, and a public school with
about 143 scholars. Pop. 903.

BEAUMONT, rivulet of east border of
Roxburghshire, running 10 miles northward
there, and passing into England to the Till.

BEDLAY, old fortalice, quondam seat
of the Earls of Kilmarnock, near Chryston,
Lanarkshire.

BEDLORMIE, old fortalice in Torphichen
parish, Linlithgowshire.

BEDRULE, hamlet and parish in centre
of Roxburghshire. The hamlet lies on
Eule river, 3| miles south-west of Jed-
burgh, and includes the parochial church,
and remains of the old castle of the
Turnbulls. The parish contains 2 other
small hamlets, and its post town is
Jedburgh. Acres, 3917. Real property
in 1880-81, £4459. Pop. 269. The surface
includes part of Dunian Mountain, and
part of alluvial tracts on the Teviot.
The public school has about 58 scholars.

BEE, large irregular sea-loch in north of
South Uist Island, Outer Hebrides.

BEECHFIELD, place near Meikle Gar-
nock, Hamilton parish , Lanarkshire. It has
a public school of 1876 for 150 scholars.

BEECHWOOD, a seat of Sir Sidney
Dundas, Bart., in Corstorphine parish,
Edinburghshire.

BEECHWOOD, seat in St. Vigeans
parish, Forfarshire.

BEECHWOOD, seat in Kettins parish,
Forfarshire.

BEESWING, place near Killywhan rail-
way station, Kirkcudbrightshire. It has
a post office under Dumfries.

BEG, sea-loch, branching from Loch
Bracadale, Isle of Skye.

BEGLIE (WICKS OF), hill-pass, with
grand view, 3 \ miles west of Abernethy,
Perthshire.

BEIL, seat and village in Stenton parish,
Haddingtonshire.

BEITH, town in Ayrshire, and parish
partly also in Renfrewshire. The town
stands on an eminence near a railway
junction, 11 miles south-west-by-south of
Paisley ; dates, with slight exception, from
times subsequent to the Revolution ;
carries on a variety of manufactures ; and
has a head post office with all departments,
a railway station, 3 banking offices, a
hotel, a town hall, a parochial church, a
Free church, 2 United Presbyterian
churches, an Evangelical Union chapel, an
industrial school, and 2 public schools.
Pop. 4037. — The parish contains also the
villages of Barrmill, Gateside, and Burn-
house, and part of the village of Langbar.
Acres in Ayrshire, 10,678 ; in Renfrew-
shire, 544. Real property in 1880-81,
£31,034, and £637. Pop. 6555. A hill-
ridge, with summits of from 500 to 600
feet above sea-level, extends along the
north-east border ; the land declines and
undulates thence to the west and south-
west ; and the narrow strath traversed by
Glasgow and Ayr Railway, from Paisley
to Kilwinning, attains its highest point
in the west, at only about 95 feet above
sea-level. Caldwell and "Woodside are
chief seats, and Giffen Castle was long
conspicuous, but fell in 1838. There are
8 schools for 1069 scholars, and 1 of them
and class-rooms for 459 are new.

BELCHESTER, seat in Eccles parish,
Berwickshire.

BELDCRAIG, dell, 3 miles east-north*
east of Moffat, Dumfriesshire.

BEL

40

BEL

BELFORD, hill, 1092 feet high, in Hou-
nam parish, Roxburghshire.

BELHAVEN, village and quoad sacra
liarish on east coast of Haddingtonshire.
The village stands at head of small bay
about a mile west of Dunbar, has a public
school with about 66 scholars, and gives the
peerage title of baron to a branch of the
family of Hamilton. Pop. of the village,
434 ; of the quoad sacra parish, 1351.

BELHELVIE, parish on east coast of
Aberdeenshire, averagely 7 miles north of
Aberdeen. It contains the hamlets of
Calmedie, Craigie, Wester Hatton, Menie,
and Shiels, and has a post office of its own
name under Aberdeen. It measures about
6 miles by 5, and comprises 12,148 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £13,622. Pop.
1850. The coast is low and sandy ; the
interior rises gradually, but is diversified
with hillocks and low hill-ridges, and the
western boundary is a continuous ridge
about 800 feet high. The churches are
Established, Free, and United Presby-
terian. There are 5 schools for 399
scholars, and 3 of them, for 240, are new.

BELLA, head-stream of the Lugar, Ayr-
shire.

BELLABEG, seat in Strathdon parish,
Aberdeenshire.

BELLADRUM, seat in Kiltarlity parish,
Inverness-shire.

BELLAHOUSTON, quoad sacra parish,
within Govan parish, in south-western
outskirts of Glasgow. Pop. 6002. A
handsome academy here, on Paisley Road,
was erected in 1876.

BELLANOCH, place in North Knapdale
parish, Argyleshire. It has a public
school with about 80 scholars.

BELLEISLE, seat in Ayr parish, Ayrshire.

BELLEVILLE, seat in Alvie parish,
Inverness-shire.

BELLEVUE, seat near Auchtermuchty,
Fife.

BELLFIELD, suburban village between
Stirling and St. Ninians, Stirlingshire.

BELLFIELD, seat near Kirknewton,
Edinburghshire.

BELLFIELD, seat near Kilmarnock,
Ayrshire.

BELLFIELD, seat near Cupar, Fife.

BELLIE, parish, containing the post
town of Fochabers, in Elginshire, and the
villages of Auchinhalrig, Dallachy, Bog-
moor, and Tugnet, in Banffshire. Its
length is nearly 6 miles, its greatest
breadth nearly 4 miles. Acres in Elgin-
shire, 4875; in Banffshire, 8337. Real
property in 1880-81, £3848 and £5631.
Pop., quoad civilia, 2365; quoad sacra,
2047. The river Spey bounds the west,
and the Moray Firth bounds the north.
The Spey here has, at different periods,
shifted much westward from its original
channel, and the land over which it has
receded forms a considerable portion of
the parochial area. Gordon Castle, a seat
of the Duke of Richmond, is a chief
feature. The old parochial church stood,

till 1797, about a mile north of Gordon
Castle, but the present parochial church,
and other places of worship, are in
Fochabers. A very fine free school,
erected in 1846, also is in Fochabers ; and
Bellie public school has about 176 scholars.

BELL ROCK, reef, with lighthouse, 12
miles south-by-east of Arbroath, Forfar-
shire. The lighthouse was erected in
1807-11, at a cost of £60,000, and shows a
revolving light visible at the distance of
15^ nautical miles.

BELLRORY, hill in Glentanner section
of Aboyne parish, Aberdeenshire.

BELLSHILL, town, 9 miles byroad south-
east of Glasgow. It prospers in connection
with the working of rich neighbouring
mines ; and it has a post office, with
money order depai'tment, under Glasgow,
a railway station, a banking office, a new
quoad sacra parish church, a Free church,
a United Presbyterian church, an Evangeli-
cal Union chapel, and a public school with
about 173 scholars. Pop. of the town, 2760 ;
of the quoad sacra parish, 3334.

BELLSHILL, MOTHERWELL, AND
WISHAW RAILWAY. This was projected
by an independent company ; it received
the sanction of the Standing Orders Com-
mittee in Jan. 1880, and it was designed to
strike from the North British at Bellshill
station, to traverse a rich mineral district
by way of Motherwell to Wishaw, and to
give direct communication thence with the
east of Glasgow.

BELLSIDE, station for Omoa, on Cleland
branch of Caledonian Railway, Lanark-
shire. An Established church near it was
projected in 1877.

BELLSMAINS, hamlet in Borthwick
parish, Edinburghshire.

BELLSQUARRY, village in Midcalder
parish, Edinburghshire. It has a public
school with about 96 scholars.

BELLSTOWN, hamlet in Methven parish,
Perthshire.

BELLWOOD, seat in Glencorse vale,
Edinburghshire.

BELLWOOD, seat on face of Kinnoul
Hill, fronting Perth.

BELLYCONE, village in Madderty parish,
Perthshire.

BELMADUTHY, seat of Sir Eyan
Mackenzie, Bart., in Knockbain parish,
Ross -shire.

BELMONT, seat near Corstorphine,
Edinburghshire.

BELMONT, seat near Uyeasound, Unst
Island, Shetland.

BELMONT CASTLE, seat of the Earl of
"YVh arn cliff e, near Meikle, Perthshire.

BELNABOTH, place, with ruined ancient
chapel, in Towie parish, Aberdeenshire.

BELNAGOAK, hill in Methlick parish,
Aberdeenshire.

BELRETIRO, seat on west side near
foot of Loch Lomond, Dumbartonshire.

BELSES, village, with railway station,
1\ miles north-north-east of Hawick,
Roxburghshire.

BEL

41

BEN

BELTON, old parish, now part of Dunbar
parish, Haddingtonshire.

BELTONFORD, hamlet in Dunbar parish,
Haddingtonshire.

BELTREES, hamlet in Lochwinnoch
parish, Renfrewshire.

BELTY, rivulet, running to the Dee, in
Banchory - Ternan parish, Kincardine-
shire.

BELVIDERE, seat on the Clyde in
eastern outskirts of Glasgow.

BEMERSYDE, estate, with old baronial
mansion, on the Tweed near Di'yburgh,
on south-west verge of Berwickshire.

BENABOURD, alpine mountain, 3924
feet high, one of the Cairngorms, Aber-
deenshire and Banffshire.

BENABOURD, lofty mountain in Glen-
orchy parish, Argyleshire.

BENACHALLY, mountain, 1694 feet high,
with magnificentview, 5 miles north-north-
east of Dunkeld, Perthshire.

BENACHASTLE, mountain, 2897 feet
high, 14 miles west of Killin, Perthshire.

BENACLEIDH, grand mountain on east
flank of Loch Awe, Argyleshire.

BEN AGH ARLAGAN , isolated mountain
in Fortingal parish, Perthshire.

BENAIGAN, bulky mountain, 1500 feet
high, flanking the Spey about 7 miles
south of Fochabers.

BENALDER, wild, precipitous moun-
tain-range, 3757 feet high, overhanging
Loch Ericht, on south-east border of
Inverness-shire.

BENALLIGIN, mountain, 3015 feet high,
overhanging Loch Torridon, in Ross-
shire.

BENANOIR, peaked mountain,- 2566 feet
high, one of the ' Paps of Jura,' in Jura
Island, Argyleshire.

BENARMINE, mountain, 2306 feet high,
at head of Strathnaver, Sutherland.

BENARTHUR, or COBBLER, mountain,
with fantastically outlined peak, 2863 feet
high, overhanging head of Loch Long,
Argyleshire.

BENATTOW, alpine mountain, 3383 feet
high, at head of Strath a ffrick, on mutual
border of Inverness-shire and Ross-shire.

BENAVEALLICH, mountain, 1936 feet
high, in Loth parish, Sutherland.

BENAVEN, alpine mountain, 3843 feet
high, one of the Cairngorms, Aberdeen-
shire and Banffshire.

BEN AW, mountain in Glenbucket parish,
Aberdeenshire.

BEN AWN, bare, bold, rocky mountain,
1800 feet high, overhanging north side of
foot of Loch Katrine, Perthshire.

BENBECULA, island, between North Uist
and South Uist, Outer Hebrides. It mea-
sures about 8 miles by 7 ; is all a low, flat,
intricate mixture of lands, marshes, lakes,
and bays, and has a Free church and a
Roman Catholic church. Pop. 1661.

BENBEOCH, mountain, with cave and
basaltic colonnades, in Dalmellington
parish, Ayrshire.

BENBLAVEN. See Blabhein.

BENBREAC, mountain, 2338 feet high,
in Ardchattan parish, Argyleshire.

BENBREAC, summit, 1482 feet high, in
north of Jura, Argyleshire.

BENBREAC, hill, 946 feet high, 5 miles
north-west of Poolewe, Ross-shire.

BENBUI, summit, 1797 feet high, on
east side of Strathnairn, Inverness-shire.

BENBUY, mountain, 2352 feet high, in
south-east of Mull, Argyleshire.

BENBUY, lofty mountain near head of
Glenshira, Argyleshire.

BENCAILLIACH, mountain, 2387 feet
high, adjacent to Kyle-Rhea, Isle of Skye.

BENCAIRN, hill, 1200 feet high, in
Rerrick parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

BENCARRICK, mountain, 2848 feet high,
north of Glenstrae, Argyleshire.

BENCHALUIM, mountain, 3354 feet
high, 12 miles west-by-south of Killin,
Perthshire.

BENCHAPULL, mountain in Kilninver
parish, Areyleshire.

BENCHEILT, hill, 940 feet high, 4
miles north-west of Lybster, Caithness.

BENCHINNAN, mountain - range, 24
miles long and from 9 to 15 miles broad,
bordered by peaks 3180 and 3250 feet high,
cut by ravines and glens, and comprising
the section of Grampians within Forfar-
shire.

BENCHOAN, mountain, 3101 feet high,
4^ miles north of head of Loch Katrine,
Perthshire.

BENCHOCHAN, mountain on east side
of Loch Chon, Perthshire.

BENCHONZIE, mountain, 8048 feet
hieh, at head of Glenturret, Perthshire.

BENCLACHAN, mountain, 2028 feet
high, near Applecross village, Ross-shire.

BENCLEUGH, summit of the Ochils, 2352
feet high, 8 miles north-east of Stirling.

BENCLYBRIC, alpine eonical mountain,
3164 feet high, with very extensive view,
in almost exact centre of Sutherland.

BENCRUACHAN, peninsulated, massive
alpine mountain, 3670 feet high, with
magnificent view, between Loch Awe and
Loch Etive, Argyleshire.

BENCRUBEN, mountain, 1932 feet high,
on west side of Glentruim, Inverness-shire.

BENDEANAVAIG, lofty, remarkably-
outlined mountain, overhanging Loch
Portree, Isle of Skye.

BENDEARG, alpine mountain, 3304 feet
high, 8 miles north-by- west of Blair -
Athole village, Perthshire.

BENDEARG, alpine mountain, 3551 feet
high, near head of Loch Broom, Ross-shire.

BENDEARG, mountain -range on west
coast of Durness parish, Sutherland.

BENDHEICEACH, alpine mountain, 3074
feet high, 8^ miles west of Killin, Perth-
shire.

BENDOCHY, parish, with church, 2 miles
north-west of Coupar-Angus, Perthshire.
Its post town is Coupar-Angus. Acres,
9368. Real property in 1880-81, £12,075.
Pop., quoad civilia, 715; quoad sacra, 499.
The southern section, around the church,

BEN

42

BEN

is variously level, undulating, and hilly ;
and the northern one lies detached at from
8 to 13 miles to the north-west, is partly
a rable, and includes skirts of the Grampians.
The public school has about 52 scholars.

BENDONICH, mountain, 2774 feet high,
2J miles north-by-east of Lochgoilhead,
Argyleshire.

BENDORAN, mountain on east side of
Loch Tolla, Argyleshire.

BENDUAN, mountain on north side of
Strathdonan, Sutherland.

BENEADDAN, or BENYATTAN, moun-
tain, 2308 feet high, on south side of Loch
Sunart, Argyleshire.

BENEAGACH, mountain, 2259 feet high,
3 miles south of foot of Loch Tummel,
Perthshire.

BENEAGEEN. See Benaigan.

BENEAY, mountain, 6J miles south-west
of Kinlochewe, Ross-shire.

BENEIGEN, mountain on south side of
Loch Fannich, Ross-shire.

BENERAIRD, hill, 1435 feet high, in
Ballantrae parish, Ayrshire.

BENETHRA, mountain, 2003 feet high,
3 miles south-by-west of Stenscholl, Isle
of Skye.

BENEUNAICH, alpine mountain, 3242
feet high, on west side of Glenstrae,
Argyleshire.

BENEVACHART, mountain, about 3000
feet high, 10 miles west of Beauly, Inver-
ness-shire.

BENFAD, alpine mountain-range, with
pyramidal summits, in Glenshiel parish,
Boss-shire.

BENFHIONNLAIDH, alpine summit, 3149
feet high, on south side of upper part of
Glencreran, Argyleshire.

BENFILE, massive lofty mountain, with
white quartz peaks, on left side of head
of Loch Maree, Ross-shire.

BENFIN, summit of alpine range on
north side of Loch Fannich, Ross-shire.

BENGAIRN. See Bencairn.

BENGAL, village in Dryfesdale parish,
Dumfriesshire.

BENGLAMAIG, mountain on south side
of Loch Sligachan, Isle of Skye.

BENGLASS, mountain, overhanging
Glendouglas, near middle of west side of
Loch Lomond.

BENGLOE. See Benygloe.

BENGNUIS, mountain, 2597 feet high,
with tarn, on south side of Gleniorsa,
Arran Island, Buteshire.

BENGOBHLACH, mountain, 2074 feet
high, 4 miles west of Ullapool, Ross-shire.

BENGRIAM, mountain, 1935 feet high,
at meeting-point of Farr, Reay, and
Kildonan parishes, Sutherland.

BENHALLIVAL, mountain, with two
tabular summits, 1583 and 1527 feet high,
called Macleod's Tables, in Bracadale
parish, Isle of Skye.

BENHAR, village in Whitburn parish,
Linlithgowshire. Pop. 763. A church
for it and Harthill was erected in 1877,
and contains 660 sittings.

BENHEE, mountain, 2858 feet high, on
mutual border of Farr and Edderachyliis
parishes, Sutherland.

BENHEINISH, loftiest ground in Tyree
Island, Argyleshire.

BENHESKERNICH, alpine mountain,
3530 feet high, at head of south side of
Glenlyon, Perthshire.

BENHIANT, mountain, 1759 feet high,
on south side of Ardnamurchan peninsula,
Argyleshire.

BENHIEL, mountain on west side of
Loch Loyal, Sutherland.

BENHILL, hill-range, with extensive
view, in Ruthven parish, Banffshire.

BENHOLM, seaside parish, containing
Johnshaven town, in Kincardineshire.
Acres, 4891. Real property in 1880-81,
£8521. A belt of low, flat land lies along
the shore ; an ancient sea-beach bounds
that belt ; and a series of eminences,
with intervening dales, rises thence to
the inland boundary. Benholm Castle is
a well-preserved, ancient, strong baronial
fortalice. The churches are Established,
Free, and United Presbyterian ; and
there are 2 public schools, with about
155 scholars.

BENHOPE, massive alpine mountain,
3040 feet high, at east side of head of Loch
Hope, in Sutherland.

BENHORN, mountain, 1712 feet high, on
north side of Dunrobin glen, in Sutherland.

BENHUTIG, hill, 1340 feet high, adjacent
to Whitenhead, in Sutherland.

BENIMA, mountain, 3250 feet high,
in northern vicinity of Benarthur, at head
of Loch Long, Argyleshire.

BENINTURK, or BENTORC, mountain,
1491 feet high, near centre of Kintyre,
Argyleshire.

BENKETLAN, beautifully outlined lofty
mountain, in Ardchattan parish, Argyle-
shire.

BENKILLY, mountain, 2152 feet high,
on north-west side of Loch Linnhe, Argyle-
shire.

BENKLIBRECK. See Benclybric.

BENLAGA, mountain on north of Loch
Sunart, Argyleshire.

BENLAIR, massive lofty mountain over-
hanging north side of lower part of Loch
Maree, in Ross-shire.

BENLAOGHILL. See Benloyal.

BENLAOIDH, or BENLOY, alpine
mountain, with peaked summit 3708 feet
high, 6 miles east-south-east of Dalmally,
Argyleshire.

BENLAWERS, broad-based, grandly out-
lined, cone-capped, alpine mountain, 3984
feet high, with magnificent extensive view,
on north-west side of Loch Tay, Perth-
shire.

BENLEATHAN, mountain, 2312 feet
high, 3 miles south of Killin, Perthshire.

BENLEDI, broad-based mountain, 2875
feet high, with tarn, and with gorgeous
view, in west-north-western vicinity of
Callander, Perthshire.

BENLEVEN, peninsulated district,

BEN

43

BEN

between Loch Lomond and river Leven
on the one side, and Loch Long and
Gareloch on the other, Dumbartonshire.

BENLIGA, mountain in Stobo parish,
Peeblesshire.

BENLOCHAIN, mountain, 2306 feet high,
2h miles west-by-south of Lochgoilhead,
Argyleshire.

BENLOMOND, massive alpine mountain,
ascending slowly from the south, breaking-
down precipitously on the north, culmi-
nating at 3912 feet above sea-level, and
commanding a most extensive and
magnificent view, on east side of upper
part of Loch Lomond, Stirlingshire.

BENLOY. See Benlaoidh.

BENLOYAL, picturesque mountain, with
splintered summit 2505 feet high, on west
side of Loch Loyal, in Sutherland.

BENLUNDIE, hill, 1154 feet high, near
Golspie, in Sutherland.

BENMACDHU, loftiest of the Cairngorm
Mountains, with summit 4296 feet high,
at 12 miles north-west of Castleton-
Braemar, Aberdeenshire.

BENMAIGH. See Benbuy, Mull Island.

BENMEAN, mountain in Morvern parish,
Argyleshire.

BENMORE, alpine double-coned moun-
tain, 3843 feet high, on south side of upper
part of Glendochart, Perthshire.

BENMORE, massive alpine mountain,
extending from Loch - na - Keal to Loch
Scriden, and culminating at 3172 feet
above sea-level, in Mull Island, Argyleshire.

BENMORE, grand alpine mountain, with
summit 3281 feet high, at 4J miles east-
south-east of head of Loch Assynt, Suther-
land.

BENMORE, alpine mountain-range, with
pyramidal summits, in Glenshiel parish,
Boss-shire.

BENMORE, mountain, 1 2038 feet high,
in middle of east coast of South Uist
Island, Outer Hebrides.

BENMORE, remarkably outlined moun-
tain, 6| miles north-west of Ullapool,
Boss-shire.

BENMORE, steep, lofty mountain, over-
hanging Glenmassan, Gleneachaig, and
Loch Eck, in Cowal, Argyleshire.

BENMORE, notable mountain in Lochs
parish, Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

BENMORE, mountain, 2367 feet high, in
Bum Island, Inner Hebrides.

BENNABUIRD. See Bexaboukd.

BENNACALLIOCH, peaked mountain,
near Broadford, Isle of Skye.

BENNACHIE, summit, 1619 feet high,
with Caledonian stone circle, 3 miles
south of Oyne, Aberdeenshire.

BENNAMAIN, one of the Cairngorms, in
north-eastern vicinity of Benmacdhu.

BENNAN, hill, 920 feet high, 6^ miles
south-east of Maybole, Ayrshire.

BENNAN, headland terminating Struey
cliffs, Arran Island, Buteshire.

BENNAVROCHAN, one of the Cairn-
gorms, 3795 feet high, in southern vicinity
of Cairn+.oul.

BENNETSTON, village in Polmont parish,
Stirlingshire.

BENNEVIS, loftiest mountain in Great
Britain. It rises abruptly from low ground
adjacent to Fort -William, Inverness-shire ;
attains an altitude of 4406 feet ; com-
mands a sublime extensive view ;
discharges into Nevis river a waterfall
thought by many persons to be finer than
the Falls of Foyers ; and is skirted round
the base, up Glennevis, by a public
carriage drive formed in 1880.

BENNEWE, flat-topped mountain, with
extensive view, in Strathdon parish,
Aberdeenshire.

BENNUIS. See Bengnuis.

BENOCHY, seat near Kirkcaldy, Fife.

BENOCHY, Aberdeenshire. See Ben-
nachie.

BENRAH, hill, 780 feet high, 11 miles
west-south-west of Thurso, Caithness.

BENREITHE, summit of Argyle's Bowl-
ing-green, Argyleshire. Its height is 2141
feet.

BENRESIPOL, mountain, 2792 feet high,
5 miles west-north-west of Strontian,
Argyleshire.

BENRINNES, massive mountain, 2747
feet high, with extensive view, in
southern vicinity of Aberlour, Banffshire.

BENROSSAL, mountain on east side of
upper part of Strathnaver, Sutherland.

BENRUADH, mountain, 2178 feet high,
on east side of lower part of Lock Eck,
Argyleshire.

BENSCARBA, summit, 1490 feet high,
in Scarba Island, Argyleshire.

BENSCARRACH, mountain, 8 miles
west-north -west of Lairg, in Sutherland.

BENSCREEL, mountain, 3196 feet high,
on north side of Loch Hourn, Inverness-
shire.

BENSHALGS, small lake in Knockando
parish, Elginshire.

BENSLEY. village in Kilwinning parish,
Ayrshire. Pop. 318.

BENSMEORALE, mountain, 6 miles
north-north-west of Brora, in Sutherland.

BENSPIONNA, mountain, 2535 feet high,
on west side of upper part of Loch Eriboll,
in Sutherland.

BENSTACK, pyramidal mountain, 2364
feet high, overhanging Loch Stack, in
Edderachyllis parish, Sutherland.

BENSTARIVE, stern, massive mountain,
3541 feet high, on east side of upper part
of Loch Etive, Argyleshire.

BENSTOMINO, mountain on east side of
Loch Loyal, in Sutherland.

BENSTROME, mountain, 3 miles south
of Benstack, in Sutherland.

BENT, place in Lesmahagow parish,
Lanarkshire. It has a public school with
about 105 scholars.

BENTARSEN, mountain, 2149 feet high,
on north side of head of Glenfruin, Dum-
bartonshire.

BENTOAIG, mountain, 2712 feet high, 2
miles north-west of Loch Tolla, Glenorchy,
Argyleshire.

BEN

44

BER

BENTORC. See Benintukk.

BENTRILLEACHAN, mountain, 2752
feet high, on west side of upper part of
Loch Etive, Argyleshire.

BENTS, railway station, 4f miles south
of Bathgate, Linlithgowshire.

BENTS, seat in West Calder parish,
Edinburghshire.

BENTS, affluent of the Don, at eastern
boundary of Alford parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

BENUAIG, hill, 1320 feet high, at head
of Loch-na-Keal, in Mull Island, Argyle-
shire.

BENUAISH. See Benwyvis.

BENUARIE, mountain, 1923 feet high,
8 miles west of Helmsdale, in Sutherland.

BENULAR, mountain, \\ miles south-
west of Lochgoilhead, Argyleshire.

BENULAY, alpine mountain in Kintail
parish, Boss-shire.

BENUNA, mountain on south-west side
of Glencroe, Argyleshire.

BENURANMORE and BENURANBEG,
mountains, 3427 and 3011 feet high, on
north-east verge of Blair-Athole parish,
contiguous to Aberdeenshire.

BENUSHINISH, mountain in Lochs
parish, Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

BENVADDA, mountain in north-western
vicinity of Bengriam, Sutherland.

BENVALLA, mountain in Stobo parish,
Peeblesshire.

BENVAN, mountain, with fine view, in
Kilmartin parish, Argyleshire.

BENVAREN, mountain, 2345 feet high,
in north-west of Arran Island, Buteshire.

BENVEEDAN, massive alpine mountain,
in Ardchattan parish, Argyleshire.

BENVENUE, mountain, 2386 feet high,
overhanging south side of Loch Katrine,
Perthshire.

BENVIE, village and old parish, an-
nexed to Liff, on south-west border of For-
farshire.

BENVIGORY, hill, scene of sanguinary
fight between the Macdonalds and the
Macleans, on east side of Islay Island,
Argyleshire.

BENVOIRLICH, mountain, 3224 feet
high, with extensive magnificent view,
3 miles south of middle of Loch Earn,
Perthshire.

BENVOIRLICH, mountain, 3091 feet
high, overhanging Loch Sloy, near head of
Loch Lomond, Dumbartonshire.

BENVOLLICH, mountain, 5 miles north
of middle of Loch Rannoch, Perthshire.

BENVRACKY, mountain, 2757 feet high,
with splendid view, adjacent to east side
of Killiecrankie Pass, Perthshire.

BENVRAGIE, hill, 1384 feet high,
crowned by colossal statue, near Golspie,
Sutherland.

BENVRAICK, summit, 1922 feet high,
5 miles north -north-west of Drymen,
Stirlingshire.

BENVUI, hill in Eigg Island, Inner
Hebrides.

BENVUROCK, mountain, 2961 feet high,

in east-south-eastern vicinity of Benygloe,
Perthshire.

BENWHAT, hill and village, 3 miles north
of Dalmellington, Ayrshire. Pop. 772.

BENWYVIS, huge-based, broad-shoul-
dered, lumpish mountain, culminating at
3426 feet, 8 miles north-west of Dingwall,
in Ross-shire, and commanding a sublime
view.

BENYASH, lofty hill, in north-west of
Ardnamurchan peninsula, Argyleshire.

BENYATTAN. See Beneadden.

BENYGLOE, huge-based, four-summited
mountain, with extreme altitude of 3671
feet, on left flank of Glentilt, Perth-
shire.

BEOCH, place on east side of Loch Ryan,
4 miles north-north-e^st of Stranraer,
"Wigtonshire.

BEORAIK, lake in east of Arasaig dis-
trict, Inverness-shire.

BERBETH, seat on the Doon, 2 miles
south of Dalmellington, Ayrshire.

BERIGONIUM, site of alleged ancient
capital of Dalriada, on the coast, 6 miles
north-north-east of Oban, Argyleshire.
The place is now called Dunmacsniachan,
and contains only such vestiges as seem to
indicate its having been the site of a small
Scandinavian settlement.

BERNARDS (ST.), quoad sacra parish,
with Established and Free churches, in
north of New Town, Edinburgh. Pop. 5682.

BERNARDS (ST.), quoad sacra parish in
Glasgow. Pop. 11,176.

BERNERA, island in south side of Loch
Roag, west coast of Lewis, Outer Hebrides.
It measures about 8 miles by 2, is sur-
rounded by numerous islets, one of them
called Little Bernera, and contains the
largest group of ancient standing stones in
Great Britain. Pop. 596.

BERNERA, island in Harris Sound, near
northern extremity of North Uist, Outer
Hebrides. It measures about 3j miles by
2, and has a quoad sacra parochial church.
Pop. 452.

BERNERA, island at southern extremity
of Outer Hebrides. It measures about 1
mile by f , and rises from cliffs to a height
of about 500 feet. Pop. 57.

BERNISDALE, place in Snizort parish,
Isle of Skye. It has a public school with
about 117 scholars.

BERNORY, coast rock, with 3 caves, in
Orphir parish, Orkney.

BERRIEDALE, rivulet, village, castle,
and quoad sacra parish on south border of
Caithness. The rivulet rises among Mor-
vern Mountains, and runs about 16 miles
eastward and south-eastward to the sea,
near north base of the Ord. — The village
stands in a gorge at the rivulet's mouth,
9 J miles north-east of Helmsdale ; has a
post office under Golspie, an Established
church, and a Free church, and gives the
title of baron to the Earl of Caithness. —
The castle stands adjacent to the village,
and is a ruined old baronial fortalice.
Pop. of the parish, 1184.

BER

45

BIG

BERRYHEAD, grand rocky promontory
at south end of Walls, Orkney.

BERRYHILL, place in Cainbusnethan
parish, Lanarkshire. It has a public
school with about 256 scholars.

BERRYHILL, seat, 2 miles west of Peter-
head, Aberdeenshire.

BERRYHILL, estate in Kilsyth parish,
Stirlingshire.

BERRYKNOWE, seat near south-western
outskirts of Glasgow.

BERTHA, site of ancient town, on
quondam Roman road, at influx of the
Almond to the Tay, 2 miles north of Perth.

BERTRAM-SHOTTS. See Shotts.

BERVIE, rivulet, town, and parish in
Kincardineshire. The rivulet runs curv-
ingly about 12 miles eastward to the sea.
— The town stands on the right side of the
rivulet's mouth, at terminus of Montrose
and Bervie Railway ; ranks as a royal and
parliamentary burgh, grouped with Mon-
trose, Arbroath, Brechin, and Forfar ; and
has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, under Fordoun,
2 banking offices, a modern town hall, a
public hall of 1876, Established, Free, and
United Presbyterian churches, and a
public school with about 79 scholars.
Real property in 1880-81, £2877. Pop.
1095. — The parish contains also the
village of Gourdon, and comprises 2332
acres. Real property of landward part in
1880-81, £3746. Pop. 2107. The surface
ascends gradually inland, but has two
nearly parallel hill-ridges. There are 2
public schools for 351 scholars, and 1 of
them, for 170, is new.

BERVIE BROW, bold promontory at left
side of mouth of Bervie rivulet, Kincar-
dineshire.

BERWICK (NORTH), town and parish on
north coast of Haddingtonshire. The
town stands at terminus of branch railway
amid charming environs, adjacent to fine
beach and golfing links, 22} miles east-
north-east of Edinburgh ; is a royal burgh,
a nominal seaport, and a fashionable
watering-place ; unites with Haddington,
Dunbar, Jedburgh, and Lauder in sending
a member to Parliament ; consists chiefly
of 2 streets, at nearly right angles with
each other ; and has a head post office
with all departments, 2 banking offices, 2
hotels, 2 private hotels, a town hall pro-
jected in 1872, Established, Free, United
Presbyterian, and Episcopalian churches,
a public school with about 266 scholars,
and some remains of an ancient nunnery,
celebrated in Sir Walter Scott's Marmion.
Real property in 1880-81, £9271. Pop.
1398. — The parish includes Tantallon
Castle and the Bass, and measures on the
mainland about 3g miles by 3. Acres,
5067. Real property of landward part in
18S0-81, t £17,511. Pop. of the whole,
2688. North Berwick Law, in southern
vicinity of the town, is an embellished,
conical hill, 612 feet high, and commands
an exquisite panoramic view. Xorth

Berwick or Leucine House, east-south-east
of the Law, is the seat of Sir Hew H.

' Dalrymple, Bart. The coast of the parish
is rocky and indented, the interior is
richly cultivated, and the southern dis-
trict is crossed by a picturesque range of
trap rocks. There are 1 schools for 482
scholars, and 1 of them, for 400, is new.

BERWICKSHIRE, county in extreme
south-east of Scotland. Its boundary, on
the north, is a line through the centre of
the Lammermoor Hills ; on the east, the
German Ocean ; on the south, an artificial
line of 4^ miles, and the river Tweed,
dividing it from England ; on the west,
partly the river Leader, and partly an
artificial line dividing it from Roxburgh-

! shire and Edinburghshire. Its greatest

I length is 34 miles ; its greatest breadth,
21 miles ; its coast line, about 22 mdes ;
its area, 464 square mdes. The Lammer-
moor Hills, to the average breadth of
about 7 miles, occupy all the north ; a
diversified tract of hill, dale, and ravine,
about 5| miles in mean breadth, faced
mostly with high, rocky, precipitous
coast, forms all the east ; the Merse, a
diversified luxuriant champaign, occupies
all the south ; and Lauderdale, partly vale

j and partly hilly, forms the west. The
rocks are chiefly Silurian and devonian,
and the soils are exceedingly various.
The chief rivers, besides the Tweed and
the Leader, are the Whitadder and the
Blackadder ; and the smaller streams of
any note are the Eye, the Dye, the Ale,
and the Leet. Agriculture is in prime
condition, and fisheries are important, but
manufactures are of small amount. The
towns with each between 2000 and 3000
inhabitants are Dunse and Eyemouth ;
the towns with each between 1000 and
2000 inhabitants are Coldstream, Earlston,
and Lauder ; and the towns or villages
with each between 300 and 900 inhabitants
are Greenlaw, Chirnside. Ayton, Colding-
ham, Gordon, Leitholm, Paxton, Swinton,
and Burnmouth. Real property in 1880-81,
£355,123. Pop. in 1S71, 36,486 ; in 1881,
35,383.

BETHELNIE, hill, with traces of Roman
camp, 4 miles north-west of Old Meldrum,
Aberdeenshire.

BETTYHILL, place at foot of Strath-
naver, Sutherland.

BEVELAW, water - reservoir and old
royal hunting-seat on the Pentlands, 5
I miles north-west of Penicuick, Edinburgh-
l shire.

BIEL. See Beil.

BIELDSIDE, seat in Peterculter parish,
Aberdeenshire.

BIGGA, island, about 2^- miles long, in
Yell Sound, Shetland.

BIGGAR, rivulet of Lanarkshire and
Peeblesshire, and town and parish on
south-east border of Lanarkshire. The
rivulet runs about 4 miles southward, and
5 miles eastward to the Tweed, at Sh miles
south-west of Peebles.— The town stanus-

BIG

46

BIR

on the rivulet, 15f miles west-south-west
of Peebles ; consists of 2 parts, ancient
and modern ; was the scene of a battle
between Sir "William Wallace and the
English ; and has a head post office with all
departments, a railway station, 3 banking
offices, 3 chief inns, a large ancient moat,
a good bridge of 1873, a cruciform parochial
church of 1545. a handsome United Presby-
terian church of 1878, and 3 public schools
with about 343 scholars. Pop. 1556. —
The parish is 6h miles long, and comprises
7272 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£14,445. Pop. 2128. The surface is partly
hilly, and partly portion of a dingle
extending from the Clyde to the Tweed.
The seats are Biggar Park, Cambus-
Wallace, Edmonston, and Carwood.

BIGHOUSE, seat on Halladale water,
near Melvich village, Sutherland.

BIGHOUSE, seat in Edrom parish, Ber-
wickshire.

BILBSTER, burn and seat in Wick
parish, Caithness.

BILLHOLM, seat in Westerkirk parish,
Dumfriesshire.

BILLY CASTLE, fragment of strong
ancient fortress, which figured much in
the Border wars, 2 miles north of Chirn-
side, Berwickshire. Billy Mire, around it,
was a morass which afforded it great
defence, and gave name to an international
truce, but is now drained and cultivated.

BILLYNESS, headland at Anstruther
Bay, Fife.

BILSDEAN, hamlet in Oldham stocks
parish, Haddingtonshire.

BIMAR, skerry, with beacon, f mile
south-west of North Queensferry, Fife.

BINCHINNAN. See Benchinnan.

BINEND, small lake in Eaglesham parish,
Renfrewshire.

BINGHILL, seat in Peterculter parish,
Aberdeenshire.

BINGRY. See Ballinory.

BINN, abrupt, bare, lofty hill, over-
looking Firth of Forth, in Burntisland
parish, Fife.

BINN, conical, conspicuous hill, 1048
feet high, 2 miles south-west of Cullen,
Banffshire.

BINNANS, hill, with precipitous face
and grand view, on the coast between
Greenock and Gourock, Renfrewshire.

BINNIE, place, with famous sandstone
quarry, in Uphall parish, Linlithgow-
shire.

BINNIEHILL, village in Slamannan
parish, Stirlingshire. Pop. 434.

BINNING, old parish, now part of
Linlithgow parish, Linlithgowshire. It
gives the title of baron to the Earl of
Haddington.

BINNS, seat of Sir Robert A. O. Dalyell,
Bart., in Abercorn parish, Linlithgow-
shire.

BINRAM'S CROSS, small stone - capped
mound, alleged to be the tomb of a
notorious clerical necromancer, on west side
of St. Mary's Loch, Selkirkshire.

BINSNESS, estate in Dyke parish, Elgin-
shire.

BIRD, headland at south side of mouth
of Loch Goil, Argyleshire.

BIRDSTONE, village in Campsie parish,
Stirlingshire.

BIRGHAM, village on the Tweed, 3£
miles west - by - south of Coldstream,
Berwickshire. It has a post office under
Coldstream, and a public school with
about 67 scholars.

BIRKHALL, royal seat within Balmoral
demesne, Aberdeenshire.

BIRKHILL, village in Liff parish, Forfar-
shire. Pop. 177.

BIRKHILL, seat in Balmerino parish,
Fife.

BIRKHILL, small inn, amid high moors,
notable in the history of the Covenanters,
4^ miles south-south-west of the head of
St. Mary's Loch, Selkirkshire.

BIRKHILLSIDE, seat in Legerwood
parish, Berwickshire.

BIRKWOOD, seat near Lesmahagow,
Lanarkshire.

BIRLEYHILL, place in Durrisdeer parish,
Dumfriesshire. It has a public school with
about 90 scholars.

BIRNAM, hill, pass, and village, near
Dunkeld, Perthshire. The hill adjoins
right bank of the Tay, 2^ miles south of
Dunkeld ; is traversed, on a terrace-line
round its east skirts, by the Highland
Railway ; has a height of 1324 feet above
sea-level ; commands a very striking view ;
figures notably in Shakespeare's story of
Macbeth ; and retains vestiges of King
Duncan's residence, and of a vitrified fort.
— The pass is a gorge traversed by the Tay
at east end of the hill, and is frequently
called the Mouth of the Highlands. — The
village stands at Dunkeld railway station,
15£ miles north-north-west of Perth ; is
recent, well-edificed, and picturesque ; and
has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, under Dunkeld, a
very large and ornate hotel, and a Gothic
Episcopalian church. Pop. 268.

BIRNESS, place, 6 miles from Ellon,
Aberdeenshire. It has a post office under
Ellon.

BIRNIE, parish on the Lossie, averagely
4 miles south-south- west of Elgin. Post
town, Elgin. Length, 7 miles. Acres,
6777. Real property in 1880-81, £2770.
Pop. 367. The surface is uneven, and
rises from about 50 to 1000 feet above sea-
level. A spot, formerly called Castlehill,
was probably the site of the residence of
the earliest Bishops of Moray. The public
school has about 85 scholars.

BIRNS, affluent of the Tyne, between
Pencaitland and Salton parishes, Hadding-
tonshire.

BIRRENS, large well-preserved Roman
camp, 1J mile east-north-east of Eccle-
fechan, Dumfriesshire.

BIRSAY and HARRAY, united parish
in north-west of Pomona, Orkney. Birsay
includes about 8 miles of coast, mostly

BIR

47

BLA

bold and rocky ; measures about 8 miles by
5 ; is partly hilly, partly rich arable land ;
and has a post office under Kirkwall.
Harray extends inland and southwards
from the south-east of Birsay ; measures
about 6 miles by 4 ; is mostly flat, and
somewhat swampy ; and has a post office
under Stromness. Real property of the
united parish in 1880-81, £3651. Pop.
2326. Birsay contains a ruined magni-
ficent palace of the Earls and Bishops of
Orkney ; contains also many ancient stand-
ing stones and Picts' houses ; includes a
peninsulated tract, with traces of ancient
fortification ; and in 1876 was constituted a
separate parish quoad sacra. Its church
was renovated in 1867, and contains 500
sittings. Other churches are Harray
parochial, Birsay Free, and Harray and
Sandwick Free. There are 4 schools
for 384 scholars, and 3 of them and
class-room for 324 are new.

BIRSE, parish immediately south-east of
Aboyne, Aberdeenshire. It has a post
office under Aberdeen. Its length is fully
9 miles ; its breadth fully 7 miles ; its area,
31,219 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£7005. Pop. 1093. The surface extends
from the Dee to a watershed of the Gram-
pians ; is hilly and mountainous, and
comprises only about 3360 acres of arable
land. The chief residences are Finzean
and Ballogie. The parochial church con-
tains about 500 sittings, and a Roman
Catholic chapel at Ballogie is small. There
are 3 schools, with accommodation for
196 scholars.

BIRSLEY, historical place, with coal
mines, in Tranent parish, Haddingtonshire.

BIRTHWOOD, seat in Culter parish,

BISHOPBRIGGS, village,. miles north-
east of Glasgow. It has a post office under
Glasgow, a railway station, a Free church,
and a public school with about 94 scholars.
Pop. 832.

BISHOPMILL, suburb of Elgin. Pop. 1196.

BISHOP'S LOCH, small lake in Cadder
and Old Monkland parishes, Lanarkshire.

BISHOP'S LOCH, small lake in the south
of New Machar parish, Aberdeenshire.

BISHOPTON, village, mansion, and hill-
ridge in Renfrewshire. The village stands
5| miles north-west of Paisley, and has
a post office under Glasgow, a railway
station, and a public school with about
50 scholars. Pop. 280. — The mansion
stands on the adjacent hill-side, commands
a charming view, and was once the rural
seat of the Archbishop of Glasgow. — The
hill-ridge separates the Clyde from the
low land of Gryfesdale, and is pierced by
a long tunnel of the Glasgow and Greenock
Railway.

BIXTER, voe or bay in Sandsting parish,
Shetland.

BIZZYBERRY, lofty hill in Biggar parish,
Lanarkshire.

BLABHEIN, wild, fissured, pinnacled
mountain-ridge, with extreme height of

3019 feet, and with sublime view, between
Loch Slappin and Loch Scavaig, in south-
east of Isle of Skye.

BLACKADDER, river, running about 20
miles eastward to the "Whitadder, near
Allanton, Berwickshire.

BLACKADDER HOUSE, seat of Sir
George A. F. H. Boswell, Bart., in Edrom
parish, Berwickshire.

BLACKBRAES, village in Muiravonside
parish, Stirlingshire. It has a public school
with about 226 scholars. Pop. 387.

BLACKBURN, village, 2| miles south of
Bathgate, Linlithgowshire. It has a post
office under Bathgate, and a public school
with about 159 scholars. Pop. 790.

BLACKBURN, village about 2 miles
south-east of Kintore, Aberdeenshire. It
has a post office under Aberdeen, and a
Free church.

BLACK BURN, rivulet, making 3 great
cascades, and entering the Liddel near
Newcastleton, Roxburghshire.

BLACK BURN, rivulet, running to the
North Esk, in Mary kirk parish, Kincar-
dineshire.

BLACK BURN, rivulet, running to Loch
of Drum, Aberdeenshire.

BLACK CART, rivulet, running 9 miles
north - eastward into confluence with
White Cart, 2^ miles north of Paisley,
Renfrewshire.

BLACK CAVE, great cavern in Struey
rocks, on south coast of Arran Island,
Buteshire.

BLACKCRAIG, village in Minnigaff
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

BLACK CRAIG, mountain, 2298 feet
high, in New Cumnock parish, Ayrshire.

BLACK CRAIG, mountain in Port of
Menteith parish, Perthshire.

BLACK CRAIG, hill, with grand view,
in Creich parish, Fife.

BLACKDEAN, hill, 1642 feet high, U
miles south-east of Morebattle, Roxburgh-
shire.

BLACK DEE, river, running about 18
miles south-eastward into confluence with
the Ken, to form the Dee, in Kirkcud-
brightshire.

BLACK ESK, head-stream of the Esk,
in Eskdalemuir parish, Dumfriesshire.

BLACKFAULDS, seat near Rutherglen,
Lanarkshire.

BLACKFORD, village and parish in
south-east of Perthshire. The village
stands 10 miles north-east of Dunblane,
and has a post office, with money order
department, under Braco, a railway station,
a banking office, a hotel, Established and
Free churches, and a public school with
about 116 scholars. Pop. 679. — The parish
is about 10 miles long and 5 broad, and
comprises 21,453 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £17,588. Pop. 1595. The river
Earn bounds the north, Devon water the
south, and the Madrany, the Ruthven,
and the Allan traverse parts of the
interior. The northern district is rich,
well-cultivated strath ; the middle district

BLA

48

BLA

comprises Tullibardine glen and moor ;
and the southern district is part of the
Ochil Hills. There are 3 public schools
for 231 scholars.

BLACKFORD, hill in southern environs
of Edinburgh, with fine view of that city.

BLACKFRIARS. See Andrews (St.),
Ayr, Edinburgh, Glasgow, Perth,
Stirling, and "VVigton.

BLACKHALL, village, 2\ miles west-by-
north of Edinburgh. It has a post office
under Edinburgh.

BLACKHALL, railway station, 3f miles
north-east of Morningside, Lanarkshire.

BLACKHALL, roofless, strong, ancient
baronial mansion, in the south-east en-
virons of Paisley, Renfrewshire.

BLACKHALL, seat near Banchory, Kin-
cardineshire.

BLACKHILL, quoad sacra parish near
Peterhead, Aberdeenshire. It has a post
office under Peterhead, a recently erected
church, and extensive granite quarries.
Pop. 867.

BLACKHILL, place on Monkland Canal,
2 miles east-north-east of Glasgow. The
canal here descends 96 feet by means of
double locks and an inclined plane.

BLACKHILLOCK, place in Keith parish,
Banffshire. It has a post office under
Keith.

BLACKHILLS, place in Skene parish,
Aberdeenshire.

BLACKHOPE, summit, 2136 feet high,
of Moorfoot Hills, on mutual border of
Edinburghshire and Peeblesshire.

BLACKHOUSE, ruined ancient fortalice,
the scene of the Douglas tragedy, in the
glen of Douglas Burn, and group of stern,
high mountains at head of that glen, in
Yarrow parish, Selkirkshire.

BLACK ISLE, peninsula between Cro-
marty Firth, Moray Firth, and Beauly
Loch, Ross-shire.

BLACK KNOWE, each of 3 mountains in
south-west of Selkirkshire.

BLACKLARG, mountain, 2231 feet high,
at meeting point of Ayrshire, Dumfries-
shire, and Kirkcudbrightshire.

BLACKLAW, place in Marnoch parish,
Banffshire. It has a public school with
about 159 scholars.

BLACKLAW, small hill, with rich, exten-
sive view, in Fowlis section of Lundie
parish, Forfarshire.

BLACK LOCH, small lake in Dumfries
parish, Dumfriesshire.

BLACK LOCH, small lake in Mearns
parish, Renfrewshire.

BLACK LOCH, small lake in Dunferm-
line parish, Fife.

BLACK LOCH, marshy lake in Blair-
gowrie parish, Perthshire.

BLACK LOCHS, 2 lakes, Great and
Little, in Slamannan parish, Stirlingshire.

BLACKMILL, bay in Luing Island,
Argyleshire.

BLACKMORE, hill, 1639 feet high, near
Dolphinton village, Lanarkshire.

BLACKNESS, village and castle on Firth

of Forth, 3 j miles north-east of Linlithgow.
The village was long the port of Linlithgow,
and had considerable commerce, but
eventually became a merely nominal port
and little else than a hamlet. — The castle
dates from ancient times, and succeeded a
previous pile ; was long regarded as one of
the government forts of Scotland ; passed
latterly into a state of desuetude ;
underwent transmutation, along with
erection of adjacent buildings, in 1871-73,
at a cost of about £10,000, in order to
become the central ammunition depot
of Scotland ; and was afterwards to be
adapted and enlarged by other alterations
and additional buildings.

BLACKPOTS, place in Boyndie parish,
Banffshire.

BLACK QUARTER, part of Inch parish,
formed in 1628 into Portpatrick parish,
Wigton shire.

BLACKRIDGE, village, miles west-
by-south of Bathgate, Linlithgowshire. It
has a post office under Bathgate, a Free
church preaching-station, and a public
school with about 46 scholars.

BLACK ROCK, lion-shaped hill, with
vitrified fort, overhanging head of Glen-
farigag, Inverness-shire.

BLACKROOT, hill, 4 miles south-east of
Galston, Ayrshire.

BLACKSBOAT, place, 8J miles south-
south-west of Aberlour, Banffshire. It
has a post office under Craigellachie, and
a railway station.

BLACKSHAW, village in Caerlaverock
parish, Dumfriesshire.

BLACKSHIELS, village near north base
of Soutra Hill, 15 miles south-east of
Edinburgh. It has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
under Edinburgh.

BLACKSIDE-END, hill, 1342 feet high,
with grand view, on north-east boundary
of Sorn parish, Ayrshire.

BLACK SPOUT, cascade of about 120
feet, on Edradour burn, near Pitlochrie,
Perthshire.

BLACKSTON, railway junction station,.
11 miles north-east of Airdrie, Lanark-
shire.

BLACKSTOUN, seat in Kilbarchan
parish, Renfrewshire.

BLACKSTOWN, village in Erskine parish,
Renfrewshire. Pop. 311.

BLACKWATER, affluent of the Ken,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

BLACKWATER, stream running to
Drimadown Bay, Arran Island, Buteshire.

BLACKWATER, head - stream of the
Ericht, Perthshire.

BLACKWATER, head - stream of the
Deveron, Banffshire.

BLACKWATER, head - stream of the
Conan, Ross-shire.

BLACKWATER, rivulet, confluent with
the Brora, Sutherland.

BLACKWOOD, seat and railway station
in Lesmahagow parish, Lanarkshire. See
also Southfield.

BLA

49

BLA

BLACKWOOD, seat and hill, with
delightful views, 5J miles south-south-
east of Thornhill, Dumfriesshire.

BLADENOCH, river and village in north-
east of "Wigtonshire. The river runs
about 24 miles south-south-eastward to
Wigton Bay, in vicinity of Wigton
town ; and the village stands on the
river about a mile south-west of the town,
and has a post office designated Bladenoch,
"Wigtonshire.

BLAINSLEE, village on north-east verge
of Melrose parish, Koxburghshire. It has
a public school with about 58 scholars.

BLAIR, any flat tract now or formerly
moss or heath. The name occurs princi-
pally as a prefix.

BLAIR, suburb of Dairy, Ayrshire. It
has public works, and is sometimes called
Blair Works.

BLAIR, seat in Carnock parish, Fife.

BLAIR AD AM, hamlet, 4^ miles south-
south-east of Kinross. It has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, under Kinross, and a railway
station. Blairadam House stands about a
mile to the west.

BLAIR- ATHOLE, village and parish in
Athole district, Perthshire. The village
stands 35J miles north - north - west of
Perth, and has a head post office with
money order and telegraph departments,
a railway station, a banking office, a
large ornate hotel, Established, Free,
and Baptist churches, and a public school
with about 163 scholars. — The parish
is about 27 miles long and 15 miles
broad, and comprises 181,114 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £21,051. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 1742 ; quoad sacra, 1687.
Strathgarry, from Struan Point to Killie-
crankie Pass, is the mainly inhabited
portion ; Glentilt, Glenf endar, Glenerich-
i kie, and part of Strathtummel include
other portions of low ground ; nearly all
I the rest of the area is filled with the
Grampians ; and the whole has been
j summarily noticed in our article on
Athole. Blair Castle, the seat of the
l Duke of Athole, is a conspicuous feature ;
and Lude and Auchleeks are the chief
other residences. An Episcopalian church
is at Bridge of Tilt. There are 6 schools,
with accommodation for 358 scholars.

BLAIRBEG, place in Urquhart parish,
Inverness-shire. It has a public school
I with about 105 scholars.

BLAIR BETH, seat near Rutherglen,
Lanarkshire.

BLAIRBURN, village in Culross parish,
Perthshire.

BLAIR CASTLE, seat of the Duke of
Athole, near Blair- Athole village, Perth-
shire. It dates from old unrecorded time,
served long as a strong military post, was
r garrisoned by the Marquis of Montrose,
. stormed by Cromwell, occupied by
'| Claverhouse, and besieged by the rebels
in 1745 ; underwent transmutation into
the form of a mansion, in a manner to

retain a very plain appearance, was
inhabited for 3 weeks in 1845 by the
royal family, and began in 1872 to
undergo extensive architectural embellish-
ment.

BLAIR CASTLE, seat in Culross parish,
Perthshire.

BLAIRDAFF, place in Chapel of Garioch
parish, Aberdeenshire. It has a chapel-of-
ease and a Free church.

BLAIRDERON, one of the Ochils, 2072
feet high, 5| miles east-by-north of Dun-
blane, Perthshire.

BLAIRDRUMMOND, estate, famous for
remarkable georgical improvement, in Kin-
cardine parish, Perthshire. It has a large
mansion, a fine park, a post office under
Stirling, and a public school.

BLAIRESSAN, place, believed to have
been a battle scene between the Romans
and the Caledonians, a little north of Kil-
learn village, Stirlingshire.

BLAIRFINDY, estate, with ruined noble
hunting-seat, in Inveraven parish, Banff-
shire.

BLAIRGOWRIE, town and parish in
north-east of Perthshire. The town stands
on river Ericht, at terminus of branch rail-
way, amid charming environs, 24J miles
north-east of Perth ; was only a mean
village at commencement of present cen-
tury, is now a flourishing seat of textile
manufactures ; publishes 2 weekly news-
papers, has a head post office with
all departments, 4 banking offices, 7
hotels, a town hall, 2 Established
churches, 2 Free churches, Congrega-
tional, Episcopalian, and Roman Catholic
churches, and a public school with about
687 scholars, and includes practically the
suburbs of New Rattray and Old Rattray.
Pop. of the town proper, 4537 ; of the
town and suburbs, 7070. — The parish
contains also Lornty village ; is intersected
for about 2 miles by other parishes, an^
measures, exclusive of the intersection,
about 9 miles in length. Acres, 15,303.
Real property in 1880-81, £26,378. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 5162 ; quoad sacra, 1624.
The surface partly lies within Strathmore,
partly extends northward thence to summits
of the Grampians, and is diversified by 5
water-courses and 6 lakes. The chief
seats are Blairgowrie House, Newton, and
Ardblair. There are 2 schools for 864
scholars, and 1 of them, for 726, is
new.

BLAIRINGONE, quoad sacra parish, with
village on the Devon, If mile east of
Dollar, Clackmannanshire. It has a post
office under Dollar, a small church, and a
public school with about 105 scholars.
Pop. 418.

BLAIRLOGIE, village, 3 miles east-
north-east of Stirling. It has a post office
under Stirling, and a United Presbyterian
church. Blairlogie Castle, in its vicinity,
is an old structure transmuted into a farm-
house.

BLAIRMAND, place in Boyndie parish,
D

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50

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Banffshire. It has a public school with
about 77 scholars.

BLAIRMORE, village on west side of
Loch Long, near the loch's mouth, Argyll-
shire. It is recent and well built, and it
has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, under Greenock,
and a good steamboat pier. Pop. 244.

BLAIRMORE, hamlet in Kenmore parish,
Perthshire.

BLAIRQUHAN, seat of Sir Edward H.
Blair, Bart., in Kirkmichael parish, Ayr-
shire.

BLAIRS, estate, with Boman Catholic
college, on the Dee, 6 miles south-west of
Aberdeen.

BLAIRS, lake in Bafford parish, Elgin-
shire.

BLAIRVOCKIE, seat on east side of Loch
Lomond, Stirlingshire.

BLALOWNE, seat near Cupar, Fife.

BLANE, small river, making a series of
cascades among the Lennox Hills, running
thence north-westward to the Endrick,
and giving the name of Strathblane to its
basin in Stirlingshire.

BLANEFIELD, village 3 miles south-east
of Killearn, Stirlingshire. It has a post
office, with money order department, under
Glasgow, and a railway station. Pop.
169.

BLANE'S CHAPEL (ST.), ruined ancient
church in Kingarth parish, Bute Island,
Buteshire.

BLANE VALLEY RAILWAY, 8J miles long,
from North British system at Lennoxtown
down the course of Blane river. It was
opened for goods in 1866, for passengers in
1867, and an extension of it, nearly 3 miles
long, into junction with the Forth and
Clyde Bailway, was promoted in 1880.

BLANTYRE, 2 villages, town, and par-
ish, in north-west of Lanarkshire. Low
Blantyre village stands about 1^ mile from
the Clyde, 8 miles south-east of Glasgow,
and has a parochial church with 800 sittings,
and a public school with about 259 scholars.
Pop. 698. — High Blantyre village stands
near the north-western environs of Hamil-
ton, and has a post office, with money order
department, under Glasgow, a station on
the Hamilton and Strathaven Bailway, and
a public school with about 277 scholars. —
Blantyre station is on Glasgow and Hamil-
ton branch of Caledonian Railway, 8 miles
from Glasgow, and has a post office under
Glasgow. — Blantyre "Works town stands
near that station, adjacent to the Clyde ;
is a remarkably neat and clean seat of
cotton manufacture ; has a banking office,
a masonic hall of 1878, a United Presby-
terian memorial church to the African
explorer Dr. Livingstone, projected in
1881, and a suspension bridge ; and was
the place where Dr. Livingstone spent
some years as a juvenile factory-worker.
Pop. 1849. — The parish contains also the
villages of Barnhill, Stonefield, Hunthill,
Auchinraith, and Auchintibber ; gives the
peerage title of baron to the family of

Stuart ; and is about & miles long, but
comparatively narrow. Acres, 3954. Beal
property in 1880-81, £38,081. Pop. 9760.
The surface is low, and mostly level.
Blantyre Priory, founded by Alexander II.,
and now a tottering ruin, crowns a lofty
rock contiguous to the Clyde. The
churches, besides the parochial, are Free
and United Presbyterian. There are 2
public schools for 800 scholars, and both
of them are new.

BLAROUR, place in Kilmonivaig parish,
Inverness-shire. It has a public school with
about 95 scholars.

BLAVALIG, hills, 5 miles north-east of
Pitlochrie, Perthshire.

BLAVEN. See Blabhein.

BLEBO, village in Kemback parish, Fife.
Pop. 217.

BLELACK,seat in Logie-Coldstone parish,
Aberdeenshire.

BLERVIE,seat,with remains of old castle,
in Bafford parish, Elginshire.

BLINKBONNY, section of Slamannan
village, in Slamannan parish, Stirling-
shire. Pop. 255.

BLINKBONNY, hill in Nenthorn parish,
Berwickshire.

BLOODY, bay, where was a sea fight in
1480, near Tobermory, Mull Island, Argyle-
shire.

BLOODY, creek at south end of Iona
Island, Argyleshire.

BLOOMHILL, seat in Cardross parish,
Dumbartonshire.

BLUE-MULL, or BLUMEL, sound between
Yell and Unst Islands, Shetland.

BLUE-ROW, hamlet in New Kilpatrick
parish, Dumbartonshire.

BLUEVALE, quoad sacra parish in north-
east of Glasgow. Pop. 3635.

BLYTHE BRIDGE, place, 3 miles from
Dolphinton, with post office under that
village, Lanarkshire.

BLYTHSWOOD, seat on peninsula be-
tween the Clyde and the Cart, Renfrew-
shire.

BLYTHSWOOD, quoad sacra parish and
registration district, with square, about ^
mile west of Royal Exchange, Glasgow. Pop.
of the parish, 5950 : of the district, 30,463.

BOARHILLS, village on the coast, 4
miles east-south-east of St. Andrews,
Fife. It has a post office under St.
Andrews.

BOATGREEN, harbour of Gatehouse,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

BOATH, place in Alness parish, Ross-
shire. It has a public school with about
43 scholars.

BOATH, seat of Sir James A. Dunbar,
Bart., near Auldearn, Nairnshire.

BOATH, hill in Carmylie parish, Forfar-
shire.

BOAT OF BRIDGE, place on the Spey,
in Boharm parish, Banffshire.

BOAT OF GARTEN, place, 16f miles
north-north-east of Kingussie, Inverness-
shire. It has a post office under Carr
Bridge, and a railway station.

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5

1

BON

BOAT OF INCH, place, with railway-
station, 5j£ miles north-east of Kingussie,
Inverness-shire.

BOCHASTLE, ridge, about 300 feet high,
in western vicinity of Callander, Perth-
shire. It has remains of an ancient
Caledonian fort, and it was assumed by
.Sir Walter Scott to be the site of a Roman
camp.

BOCHLE, high hill, bisecting Glenlivet
Valley, , Banffshire.

BODDAM, fishing town, 3 miles south
of Peterhead, Aberdeenshire. It has a
post office under Peterhead, a chapel-of-
ease, and a public school with about 280
scholars. Pop. 1117. Boddam Castle, on
a neighbouring headland, adjacent to
Buchanness, is a ruined strong seat of the
Earls Marischal.

BODOTRIA, Firth of Forth, as known to
the Romans.

BODSBECK, farm, the scene of Hogg's
' Brownie of Bodsbeck,' about 4 miles
east-north-east of Moffat, Dumfriesshire.

BOGANY, headland flanking east side
of Rothesay Bay, Buteshire.

BOGBRAE, place in Cruden parish,
Aberdeenshire. It has a public school
with about 149 scholars.

BOGHALL, quondam strong castle of the
Earls of Wigton, near Biggar, Lanarkshire.

BOGHEAD, village in Lesmahagow
parish, Lanarkshire.

BOGHEAD, seat near Bathgate, Linlith-
gowshire.

BOGHOUSE, quondam castle in Craw-
fordjohn parish, Lanarkshire.

BOGIE, small river, running about 14
miles northward to the Deveron, in
north-west of Aberdeenshire.

BOGIE, seat near Kirkcaldy, Fife.

BOGMUCHALS, place in Fordyce parish,
Banffshire. It has a public school with
about 49 scholars.

BOG OF GIGHT, original form of Gordon
Castle, Bellie parish, Banffshire.

BOGRIE, old tower, often a refuge of
the Covenanters, in Dunscore parish,
Dumfriesshire. "

BOGROY, place, 7 miles from Inver-
ness. It has a post office under Inver-
ness.

BOGSIDE, station on Stirling and Dun-
fermline Railway, 6 miles east of Alloa.

BOGTON, lake, on the Doon, in Dal-
mellington parish, Ayrshire.

BOHALLY, place, 3 miles from Pit-
lochrie, with post office under that village,
Perthshire.

BOHARM, parish in Banffshire and
Elginshire, averagely 6 miles north-east of
Abcrlour. Its post town is Keith. Its
length is about 13 miles; its breadth
about 9 miles ; its area, 8906 acres in
Banffshire, and 7835 in Elginshire. Real
property in 1880-81, £4493 and £3102.
Pop. 543 and 623. The Spey bounds
the west, and the Fiddich bounds the
south and south-west. Benagen Mountain
occupies much of the area ; and a curved

valley, overhung by that mountain, and
ascending to about 400 feet above sea-
level, comprises most of the arable land.
The seats are Arndilly and Auchlunkart ;
and the chief antiquity is Bucharin Castle.
The churches are Established and Free.
There are 4 schools for 272 scholars, and
1 of them, for 80, is new.

BOHESPICK, tract on the Tummel, in
Blair- Athole parish, Perthshire.

BOINDIE. See Boyndie.

BOISDALE, sea-loch on east side of
South Uist, Outer Hebrides.

BOLD, burn, running to the Tweed, in
Traquair parish, Peeblesshire.

BOLESKINE, parish, containing Fort-
Augustus and Balfrischel villages, in
Inverness-shire. Its length is about 21
miles ; its mean breadth about 10 miles.
Real property in 1880-81, £10,874. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 1388 ; quoad sacra, 1314.
The limits include parts of the Great
Glen, Stratherrick, Corryarrick, and the
Monadhleadh Mountains, numerous lakes,
the Fall of Foyers, and part of both shores
of Loch Ness. A chief residence is
Boleskine House, and chief antiquities
are vitrified forts. The parochial church
contains 428 sittings, and other churches
are in Fort-Augustus. The public school
has about 84 scholars.

BOLFRACKS, detached tract of Fortingal
parish, with Bolfracks House, 3^ miles
east of Taymouth Castle, Perthshire.

BOLSA, headland in north-west of
Islay Island, Argyleshire.

BOLSHAN, estate, with site of ancient
castle, in Kinnell parish, Forfarshire.

BOLTON, parish, with church, 2f miles
south-by -west of Haddington. Post town,
Haddington. Acres, 3106. Real property
in 1880-81, £4339. Pop. 337. The
surface is pleasantly undulated, and all
arable. The churches are Bolton paro-
chial, and Bolton and Salton Free. The
public school has accommodation for 67
scholars.

BOMBIE, ruined ancient castle in
Kirkcudbright parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

BONA, ancient parish, now united to
that of Inverness.

BON - ACCORD, Aberdeen, fancifully
called so in allusion to its ancient wat-
ery.

BONALLY, seat in Colinton parish,
Edinburghshire.

BONAR, or BONAR BRIDGE, village on
strait of Dornoch Firth, south verge of
Sutherland, 13f miles west-north-west of
Tain. It has a post office under Ardgay,
a railway station, a banking office, an inn,
and a strong costly bridge of 1812. Pop. 313.

BONAW. See Bunawe.

BONCASTLE, moundish site of ancient
outpost of Douglas Castle, Douglas parish,

BONCHESTER, verdant lofty hill, with
remains of apparently Roman works, in
Hobkirk parish, Roxburghshire.

BONCHESTER BRIDGE, hamlet adjacent

BON

5:

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BOR

to Bonchester, Roxburghshire. It has a
post office under Hawick.

BONERBO, place in Carnbee parish,
Fife. It has a public school with about
60 scholars.

BO'NESS. See Bokrowstownness.

BONESSAN, village at head of Loch
Laich, near south-western extremity of
Mull Island, Argyleshire. It has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Oban, an Established
church with 350 sittings, and a public
school with about 110 scholars. Pop. 214.

BONGATE, village in Jedburgh parish,
Roxburghshire.

BONHARD, seat in Carriden parish,
Linlithgowshire.

BONHARD, seat in Scone parish, Perth-
shire.

BONHILL, town and parish in Dum-
bartonshire. The town is practically con-
joint with Alexandria, divided from it
only by the river Leven ; dates from
ancient times, but is a seat and centre of
modern industries ; and has a post office,
with money order department, under
Dumbarton, a banking office, Established,
Free, and United Presbyterian churches, a
public school with about 379 scholars, and
waterworks projected in 1880. Pop. 2940.
—The parish contains also the towns of
Alexandria and Jamestown, and the
villages of Balloch, Dalvault, and Mill of
Halden, and it comprises the upper half
of the Vale of Leven, and extends about
3 miles across the foot of Loch Lomond.
Acres, 8373. Real property in 1880-81,
£42,363. Pop., quoad civilia, 12,524 ; quoad
sacra, 2983. The surface abounds in
both natural beauty and artificial embel-
lishment. 9 large print works are
within its vale ; and Tillichewan Castle,
Bonhill Place, Levenfield, Bromley, Bal-
loch Castle, Cameron House, Belretiro,
Arden, and other mansions are chief
residences. Churches are in Alexandria
and Jamestown. There are 2 public
schools for 1481 scholars, and 1 of them
and an enlargement for 967 are new.

BON JEDWARD, village on site of Roman
station, 2 miles north of Jedburgh, Rox-
burghshire. Bonjedward House, in its
vicinity, belongs to the Marquis of
Lothian.

BONKLE, village in central part of
Cambusnethan parish, Lanarkshire. It
has a United Presbyterian church.

BONNETHILL, eastern suburb of Dun-
dee. It has a Free church.

BONNINGTON, suburb on Water of Leith,
about a mile north of Edinburgh. It is
chiefly modern, and well edificed ; and it
has a railway station, a handsome United
Presbyterian church of 1880, and a large
public school.

BONNINGTON. village and seat in Ratho
parish, Edinburghshire.

BONNINGTON, hamlet in Arbirlot parish,
Forfarshire. It has a public school with
about 58 scholars-

BONNINGTON, seat and water-fall on
the Clyde, in Lanarkshire. The seat is in
south-eastern vicinity of Lanark, belongs
to Sir Charles W. F. A. Ross, Bart., and
has fine grounds, through which the fall
is approached from Lanark. The fall is
the uppermost of the Falls of Clyde, and
forms a sheer leap of 30 feet, split by a
projecting rock.

BONNY, rivulet entering the Carron 3
miles west of Falkirk, Stirlingshire.

BONNYBRIDGE, town on Bonny
rivulet, 4 miles west of Falkirk. It has a
post office under Denny, a quoad sacra
parish church, and a public school with
about 255 scholars. Pop. of town, 1782 ;
of quoad sacra parish, 1940.

BONNYMOOR, tract noted for a skirmish
in 1820 between Radicals and Royal troops,
about a mile south of Bonnybridge.

BONNYRIGG, town, 2 miles south-west
of Dalkeith, Edinburghshire. It was
formerly a collier village, but is now a
genteel summer resort ; and it has a post
office, with money order department, under
Lasswade, a railway station, a banking
office, a volunteer hall, a bowling-green,
recently formed waterworks, a Free
church, and a public school with about
152 scholars. Pop. 2425.

BONNYTON, suburb of Kilmarnock,
Ayrshire.

BONNYTOWN, part of Old Montrose
estate, with vestige of ancient castle in
Mary ton parish, Forfarshire.

BONSHAW, old tower near Kirtlebridge,
Dumfriesshire.

BONSKEID, seat amid rich wild scenery,
largely covered with natural beechwood,
about 4^ miles north-west of Pitlochrie,
Perthshire.

BOON, round, massive hill, 1070 feet
high, in Legerwood parish, Berwickshire.

BOON-DREICH, small affluent of the
Leader, near Lauder, Berwickshire.

BOQUHAN, seat and glen near Gargun-
nock, Stirlingshire. The glen somewhat
resembles the Trossachs.

BORA, pastoral islet in Rendall parish,
Orkney.

BORELAND, collier village, about |
mile south-east of Gallatown, Fife. It
has a public school with about 68 scholars.

BORELAND, seat in Hutton parish,
Dumfriesshire.

BORELAND PARK, village in Auch-
terarder parish, Perthshire.

BORENNICH, section of Blair-Athole
parish, on the Tummel, Perthshire.

BORERAY, islet near St. Kilda, Outer
Hebrides.

BORESTON, village in Dairy parish,
Ayrshire. Pop. 401.

BORGIE, rivulet running from Loch
Loyal to Torrisdale Bay, Sutherland.

BORGUE, village and parish on sea-
board of Kirkcudbrightshire. The village
stands 4^ miles south-west of Kirkcud-
bright, and has a post office under Kirk-
cudbright, a conspicuous Established

BOR

53

BOR

church, a Free church, and a public
school with about 178 scholars. — The
parish contains also Kirkandrews and
Chapelton villages, includes Ardwell and
Little Ross Islands, and is 10 miles long
and 7 miles broad. Acres, 13,531. Real
property in 1880-81, £13,997. Pop. 1129.
The coast extends 3^ miles along Kirk-
cudbright Bay and 5^ miles along Sol-
way Firth, and is considerably indented,
and partly rocky and precipitous. The
interior is mainly an intermixture of very
numerous ancient lake bottoms, with great
variety of rising grounds and little hills.
Earlston, the seat of Sir "William Gordon,
Bart., is the chief residence, and Plumton
Castle and Balmangan Tower are chief
antiquities.

BORLEY, small lake in Durness parish,
Sutherland.

BOROUGHHEAD, promontory at east
side of mouth of Luce Bay, Wigtonshire.

BOROUGHMOOR, quondam extensive
common, now partly edificed with hand-
some suburbs, adjacent to south side of
Edinburgh.

BORROBOL, railway station between
Kildonan and Kinbrace, Sutherland.

BORROLAN, lake, 7 miles south of
Assynt church, in Sutherland.

BORROWDALE, seat on Loch-na-Nuah,
south-west coast of Inverness-shire.

BORROWSTOWN, coast hamlet, near
caves and natural arch, 6 miles west of
Thurso. Caithness.

BORROWSTOWN, village in Borrows-
townness parish, Linlithgowshire.

BORROWSTOWNNESS, or BO'NESS,
town and parish on north-west border of
LinHthgowshire. The town stands on
the Forth, 3 miles north of Linlithgow ;
connects, by branch line, with the Scottish
railway systems ; is ahead port, and a seat of
manufacture ; stands on peninsular ground,
very slightly elevated above high-water
level ; consists chiefly of narrow streets,
and presents a murky appearance ; has
a head post office with all departments,
2 banking offices, a public hall of 1878,
Established, Free, and United Presby-
terian churches, and 2 public schools
with about 365 scholars ; publishes a
weekly newspaper, and conducts much
business in connection with coal-mining,
iron-working, shipbuilding, and other
industries. The harbour formerly com-
prised^ only a basin 240 feet broad and 2
piers 566 feet long, with maximum water-
depth of 20 feet at spring tides. New
harbour works, preliminary to the for-
mation of a great wet dock, and comprising
seaward extension of the old piers, were
constructed in 187S-79 at a cost of about
£30,000. The new dock was begun to be
formed in October 1879 ; is situated en-
tirely on land reclaimed from the sea
below high-water line ; has an outside
barrier 3000 feet long, serving as a wharf
for small vessels ; comprises 7^ acres of
dock water, about 5 acres of timber pond,

and about 17^ acres of other area ; has a
depth of 23 feet on the sill at high-water ;
was estimated to cost £181,750, and was
opened in September 1881. The arrivals in
1879 were 746 British vessels, of 67,007 tons,
and 1445 foreign vessels, of 183,223 tons ;
the departures, 749 British vessels, of
67,856 tons, and 1432 foreign vessels, of
176,570 tons. Pop. of the town, 5241.
— The parish includes also Newtown and
Kinneil villages, but excludes Grange-
pans suburb. Area, 3141 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £24,073. Pop.
6088. A hill 520 feet high is in the
extreme south-east, and commands a very
fine view. The surface slopes thence to
the west and the north, but forms a steep
bank at various distances from the shore,
and includes a low, fiat, alluvial tract in
the north-west. The soil is mostly a deep
rich loam. The rocks are carboniferous,
and abound in coal and ironstone. Kin-
neil House, a seat of the Duke of Hamilton,
is the chief residence. Antoninus' Wall
traversed the parish, and had a station on
its west border. There are 6 schools for
742 scholars, and 3 of them and an en-
largement for 494 are new.

BORTHWICK, hamlet, castle, and parish
in east of Edinburghshire. The hamlet
lies near Fushiebridge railway station,
13| miles south-east of Edinburgh, and
has a steepled parochial church of 1865,
and 2 public schools with about 168
scholars. — The castle stands adjacent to
the hamlet ; is a quadrangular baronial
tower of the 15th century, the largest
in Scotland, and in good preservation;
was the retreat of Queen Mary and
the Earl of Bothwell during four days
of peril after marriage, and sustained a
siege with some injury by Cromwell. — The
parish contains also 9 other hamlets, and
part of the villages of Gorebridge, Ford,
and Stobb's Mills. Its length is nearly 6
miles, its breadth about 4 miles, its area
9806 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£16,529. Pop., quoad civilia, 1741 ; quoad
sacra, 1374. The surface commences at a
watershed of the Moorfoot Hills ; extends
northward to the border of the great
Lothian plain, and exhibits diversity of
hill and vale. Coal and limestone abound,
and are largely worked. The seats are
Arniston, Middleton, Vogrie, Currie, and
Harvieston, and the antiquities are Borth-
wick Castle, Catcune Castle, and the old
parochial church.

BORTHWICK, rivulet, running about 13
miles north-eastward and eastward to the
Teviot, at 2 miles south-west of Hawick,
Roxburghshire.

BORTHWICKBRAE, seat in Roberton
parish, Roxburghshire.

BORTHWICKSHIELS, seat in Roberton
parish . Roxburghshire.

BORVE, rivulet, running to the sea, in
Barvas parish, Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

BORVE, ruined ancient castle on west
side of Benbecula Island, Outer Hebrides.

BOS

54

BOV

BOSTON, church in Dunse, Berwickshire.

BOSWELLS (ST.), village and parish
on north border of Roxburghshire. The
village is commonly called Lessudden ;
succeeded an ancient village of St.
Boswells about f mile to the south, dating
from the Culdee times, possessing 16
strong bastile houses in the feudal times,
and destroyed by the English in 1544 ;
stands near the Tweed, 4 miles south-
east of Melrose ; adjoins a large common,
flanked by a hunting establishment of the
Duke of Buccleuch, and used for a famous
annual sheep and cattle fair, and has a
head post office with money order and
telegraph departments, 2 good inns,
Established and Free churches, and a
public school with about 140 scholars.
Pop. 438. The parish comprises 3155
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £10,395.
Pop. 959. The surface, though overhung
by the Eildon Hills, is nearly all low, and
either flat or undulating. The seats are
Lessudden House, Elliston, Benrig, Max-
poffle, and St. Boswell's Bank.

BOTHKENNAR, parish, containing Skin-
flats village, part of Grangemouth town,
and parts of Carronshore and Kinnaird
villages, in Carse district, Stirlingshire.
Post town, Falkirk. Acres, 1774. Real
property in 1880-81, £18,157. Pop. 3210.
The surface is a dead flat, all rich alluvium.
The public school has about 269 scholars.

BOTHWELL, town, park, and parish in
middle ward of Lanarkshire. The town
stands amid delightful environs, 2| miles
north-west of Hamilton ; is a favourite
summer resort of wealthy Glasgow citizens ;
and has a post office, with all departments,
under Hamilton, a railway station, a
banking office, a hotel, a water scheme
which , cost £35,335 up to April 1880, a
towered parochial church of 1833, the
choir of an ancient collegiate church
adjoining the parochial one, Free and
United Presbyterian churches, and a
public school with about 165 scholars.
Pop. 1520. — The park lies adjacent to the
town, extends far to the north-west,
belongs to the Earl of Home, and contains
his mansion of Bothwell Hall, and the
large imposing ruin of Bothwell Castle,
once held by Sir "William "Wallace, and
figuring greatly for ages as both a palatial
residence and a military strength. — The
parish contains also Bellshill, Holytown,
Carnbroe, Carfin, Chapelhall, Mossend,
Nackerton, Newarthill, and Uddingston,
and parts of Calderbank and Cleland.
Its length is about 8J miles ; its breadth
about 4 miles ; its area, 13,644 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £127,942. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 25,466 ; quoad sacra, 7597.
Bothwell Bridge, the scene of the crushing
defeat of the Covenanters in 1679, spans
the Clyde about \ mile south-south-east
of Bothwell town, but was widened and
greatly altered in 1826 and 1871. The
Clyde meanders about 4^ miles along the
south-western boundary, beneath diversi-

fied beautiful banks, celebrated in ancient
song. The land, for the most part,
undulates, and rises thence toward the
north-east, and includes there a plateau
averagely about 300 feet high, with culmi-
nating height of about 680 feet. Coal,
ironstone, and sandstone abound, and are
extensively worked. Woodhall, Cleland,
Carfin, Carnbroe, St. Enoch's Hall, and
Douglas Park are chief residences. There
are 20 schools for 3795 scholars, and 6
of them and enlargements for 1610 are
new.

BOTHWELL, small affluent of the Whit-
adder, at boundary between Haddington-
shire and Berwickshire.

BOTHWELL AND HAMILTON RAIL-
WAY. This was authorized in 1874, on a
capital of £500,000 ; and it comprises a
main line, a sub-main line, and a multipli-
city of branches. The main line strikes
from the North British at Shettleston,
goes south-eastward, past Uddingston,
Bothwell, and Greenfield, to Hamilton,
and was in operation in 1877. The sub-
main line strikes from the main line about
400 yards north of Bothwell station ; goes
north-eastward, past Bellshill and across
Rosehall estate, to the North British at
Whifflet ; and was opened in May 1879.
The numerous branches traverse the
principal intervening mineral tracts, and
serve largely for transport of coal.

BOTHWELL BRANCH RAILWAY. This
belongs to the Caledonian system, goes
from Falside Junction to Bothwell, is
about \\ mile long, and was opened in
March 1877.

BOTHWELLHAUGH, quondam seat about
a mile east of Bothwell Bridge, Bothwell
parish, Lanarkshire. It belonged to James
Hamilton, who shot the Regent Moray.

BOTRIPHNIE, parish, averagely 6
miles south-west of Keith, Banffshire. It
has a post office under Keith. It measures
about 4£ miles by 3, and comprises 9459
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £4571.
Pop. 696. The greater part is a beauti-
ful strath, traversed by the Isla, and
flanked by two hills. The only seat is
Botriphnie House. The churches are
Established and Free. The public school
has accommodation for 127 scholars.

BOURJO, very large ancient tumulus,
on Eildon Hills, Roxburghshire.

BOURTIE, parish, a little south of Old
Meldrum, Aberdeenshire. Post town,
Old Meldrum. It is 5 miles long, and
comprises 5693 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £5796. Pop. 463. The surface
is mainly a low tract about a mile broad,
flanked by considerably high hills. The
antiquities include two ancient Caledonian
stone circles, and remains of a remarkable
old fortification, misnamed Comyn'sCamp.
The public school has about 49 scholars.

BOUSTA, hamlet in Dunrossness parish,
Shetland.

BOVERAY, island in North Uist parish,
Outer Hebrides. Pop. 137.

BOW

5.

1 5

BRA

BOW, coast cave in Fordyce parish,
Banffshire.

BOWBEAT, summit of Moorfoot Hills,
2049 feet high, in Temple parish, Edin-
burghshire.

BOWDEN, village and parish in north-
west of Roxburghshire. The village stands
3 miles south of Melrose, and has a post
office under Newton St. Boswells, an
ancient cross, a beautiful fountain, a
partly ancient parochial church, and a
public school with about 92 scholars.
The parish contains Midlem village, and
is about 6 miles long, and 4^ miles broad.
Acres, 7667. Real property in 1880-81,
£9147. Pop. 769. The surface includes
about one-half of the Eildon Hills, and
descends thence in a series of alternate
parallel ridges and vales to Ale river.
The seats are Cavers Carre, Linthill, and
Kippilaw ; and the antiquities are vestiges
of ancient camps, remains of an ancient
military road, and the site of the strong noble
f ortalice of Holydean. There are 3 schools,
with accommodation for 247 scholars.

BOWDEN, hill, with traces of ancient
camp, in Torphichen parish, Linlithgow-
shire.

BOWER, parish, with railway station,
llj miles west-north-west of Wick, Caith-
ness. It has a post office under Halkirk.
Its length is 7 miles, its breadth 4 miles.
Real property in 1880-81, £9113. Pop.
1608. Two eminences and two lakes
diversify the surface ; and one of the
former is crowned by a Scandinavian rude
round tower, and commands an extensive
view. The churches are Established and
Free. There are 4 schools for 399 scholars,
and 3 of them and an enlargement for
335 are new.

BOWER, vestige of ancient royal hunt-
ing-seat on the Clyde, in Lamington parish,
Lanarkshire.

BOWERHOPE, mountain in Yarrow
parish, Selkirkshire.

BOWERHOUSES, seat in Spott parish,
Haddingtonshire.

BO WERMADDEN, e state in Bower parish,
Caithness.

BOWHILL, a seat of the Duke of
Buccleuch, on the Yarrow, 3 miles west
of Selkirk.

BOWHOUSE, railway station, %\ miles
south-west of Borrowstownness.

BOWLAND, seat in Stow parish, Edin-
burghshire.

BOWLAND BRIDGE, railway station, 3
miles south -south-east of Stow village,
Edinburghshire.

BOWLING, or BOWLING BAY, village on
the Clyde, at exit of Forth and Clyde
Canal, 3^ miles east-south-east of Dum-
barton. It has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Glasgow, a railway station, a hotel,
wharves, a shipbuilding yard, and a
public school with about 121 scholars.
Pop. 687.

BOWMONT. See Blaumont.

BOWMORE, seaport village, near head
of Lochindaal, Islay Island, Argyleshire.
It has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, under Greenock,
a large distillery, a Free church, a Baptist
chapel, and a public school with about
182 scholars. Pop. 823.

BOW OF FIFE, place, about a mile from
Cupar, Fife. It has a post office under
Cupar.

BOWRIEFAULD, village in Dunnichen
parish, Forfarshire.

BOYNDIE, seaside parish, contiguous
to Banff parish, Banffshire. It contains
Whitehills village, with post office under
Banff, and is about 7 miles long, and
nearly 3 miles broad. Acres, 6945. Real
property in 1880-81, £8117. Pop., quoad
civilia, 2004 ; quoad sacra, 1801. The
coast is chiefly rocky ; and the interior is
partly a fine valley traversed by Boyndie
rivulet to the sea, and partly flat low
plateau. Chief objects are Boyne Castle,
and 3 ancient Caledonian stone circles.
The churches are Established and Free ;
and there are 2 new public schools for 280
scholars.

BOYNDLIE, seat in Tyrie parish, Aber-
deenshire.

BOYNE, rivulet and old castle in north
of Banffshire. The rivulet runs about 8
miles to the sea, at 4f miles west of Banff ;
and the castle crowns a crag near the
rivulet's mouth, was once a noble seat,
and is now a tolerably well-preserved
ruin.

BOYSACK, hamlet in Inverkeilor parish,
Forfarshire.

BRAAL, large, strong, ancient castle in
Halkirk parish, Caithness.

BRAAMBURY, headland, near Brora,
Sutherland.

BRAAN. See Bran.

BRABLOCH, seat near Paisley, Renfrew-
shire.

BRABSTER, seat in Canisbay parish,
Caithness.

BRABSTERDORRAN, estate in Bower
parish, Caithness.

BRACADALE, parish in south-west
of Skye, Inverness-shire. It contains
Struan hamlet, with post office under
Portree ; includes Minginish district,
and Soay and Wiay Islands, and is about
20 miles long and 8 miles broad. Real
property in 1880-81, £6734. Pop. 929.
The coast is partly flat, but mostly high
and rocky, and is cut by Lochs Bracadale,
Eynort, Brittle, and Scavaig. Loch Braca-
dale extends 1% miles north-eastward,
with mean breadth of about 4 miles, has
numerous islets, bays, and offsets, and is
flanked on much of its south-east side by
mural cavernous cliffs, terminating in the
bold lofty headland of Taliskar . The interior
includes part of Cuchullin Mountains, and
is elsewhere a diversity of hill and vale.
The churches are Established and Free,
and there are 4 new public schools for 182
scholars.

BRA

56

BRA

BRACHMAIT, place in Durris parish,
Kincardineshire. It has a public school
with about 80 scholars.

BRACHOLY, old parish, now part of
Petty, Inverness-shire.

BRACK, small lake in Balmaclellan
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

BRACKLEY, old castle, the scene of a
tragedy in 1592, near Ballater, Aberdeen-
shire.

BRACKLIN, cascade of 50 feet, in chasm
on Keltie rivulet, near Callander, Perth-
shire.

BRACKMUIRHILL, place in Dunnottar
parish, Kincardineshire. It has a public
school with about 56 scholars.

BRACKNESS. See Breckness.

BRACO, village, Lj mile north of Green-
loaning railway station, Perthshire. It
stands adjacent to the celebrated Roman
camp of Arcloch, and has a head post office
with all departments, a hotel, an Estab-
lished church, a Free church, and a public
school. Pop. 270.

BRACO, estate and burn in Grange
parish, Banffshire.

BRACTULLO, artificial conical mound,
formerly place of capital punishment, in
Kirkden parish, Forfarshire.

BRADAN, lake, 7 miles south-south-east
of Straiton, Ayrshire.

BRAE, section of Kilmonivaig parish,
Inverness-shire. It has an Established
church, served by a minister on the royal
bounty.

BRAE, place, with post office, under
Lerwick, Shetland.

BRAE-AMAT, section of Kincardine
parish in Cromartyshire, surrounded by
Boss-shire.

BRAE - DUNSTAN, low hill-ridge in
Eccles parish, Berwickshire.

BRAE-GRUDIE, place in Strathbrora,
Sutherland.

BRAEHEAD, village in Carnwath parish,
Lanarkshire. It has a United Presbyterian
church with 500 sittings, and a public
school with about 174 scholars. Pop. 432.

BRAEHEAD, seat in Cramond parish,
E dinbu rghshire.

BRAEHEAD, or KIRKWOOD COLLIERY,
village in Old Monkland parish, Lanark-
shire. Pop. 667.

BRAEHEADS, seat near Larkhall,
Lanarkshire.

BRAEHEADS, rising ground on the
Tweed, at St. Boswells village, Roxburgh-
shire.

BRAE-LYON, mountains on north side of
head of Glenlyon, Perthshire.

BRAEMAR, village and old parish in
extreme south-west of Aberdeenshire.
The village is properly Castletown, and
will be noticed under that name, but it
has a post office of Braemar, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Aberdeen, 2 castles of Braemar, new and
old, and a public school of Braemar with
about 61 scholars. The parish is now
part of Crathie.

BRAE-MORAY, chief part of Edinkillie

parish, Elginshire.

BRAE-RIACH, alpine mountain, 4248
! feet high, one of the Cairngorms, Aber-
] deenshire and Inverness-shire.

BRAE-ROY, tract in Kilmonivaig parish,
Inverness-shire.

BRAES, section of Gartly parish, Aber-
deenshire and Banffshire.

BRAESIDE, place, with public school, in
Fetlar parish, Shetland.

BRAES OF ABERNETHY, section of
Grampians in Abernethy parish, Inver-
ness-shire.

BRAES OF ANGUS, section of Grampians
in Forfarshire.

BRAES OF AVON, section of Grampians
in Kirkmichael parish, Banffshire.

BRAES OF BALQUHIDDER, section of
Grampians in Balquhidder parish, Perth-
shire.

BRAES OF DOUNE, broad-based moun-
tain-range, westward from upper part of
Strathallan, Perthshire.

BRAES OF FORDOUN, skirts of Gram-
pians in Fordoun parish, Kincardineshire.

BRAES OF GLENIFFER, hill-range about
2 miles south-west of Paisley, Renfrew-
shire.

I BRAES OF GLENLIVET, mountain group
I in upper part of Inveraven parish, Banff -
! shire.

( BRAES OF GLENORCHY, alpine moun-
tains in upper part of Glenorchy parish,
i Argyleshire.

BRAES OF KILPATRICK, section of
I Lennox Hills, in Old Kilpatrick parish,
Dumbartonshire.

BRAES OF LORN, section of Kilninver
parish, Argyleshire.

BRAES OF ORWELL, section of Ochil
Hills in Orwell parish, Kinross-shire.

BRAES OF PETTY, upland of Petty
parish, Inverness-shire.

BRAES OF PORTREE, section of Portree
parish, Isle of Skye.

BRAGANESS, headland in Sandsting
parish, Shetland.

BRAGAR, village in Barvas parish, Lewis,
Outer Hebrides. Pop. 635.

BRAGRUM, hamlet in Methven parish,
Perthshire.

BRAHAN, castellated seat, formerly of
the Earls of Seaforth, in Urray parish,
Ross-shire.

BRAID, hill-range, with fine view, in
southern vicinity of Edinburgh.

BRAID, small sea-inlet in Wick parish,
| Caithness.

BRAIDWOOD, village, mansion, and
! railway station in Carluke parish, Lanark-
| shire. The village has a public school
I with about 128 scholars. Pop., with
j Harestanes and Thornhill, 616.

BRAIGHEMOR, bay on west side of
Harris, Outer Hebrides.

BRAINSFORD. See Bainsford.
BRALLAIG, lake in Kilninver parish,
Argyleshire.

BRAN, small river, running about 14

BRA

57

BRE

miles north-eastward to the Tay, opposite
Dunkeld, Perthshire. It makes, in its
lowermost reach, a leap of about 85 feet,
and a long tumultuous cataract.

BRANAULT, hamlet in Ardnamurchan
parish, Argyleshire.

BRANBURY, hill, with fine sandstone
quarry, in Clyne parish, Sutherland.

BRANDERBURGH. section of Lossie-
mouth town, Elginshire. Pop. 1888.

BRANDIR, pass of Awe, Argyleshire.
See Awe.

BRANDY, lake in Clova parish, Forfar-
shire.

BRANXHOLM, seat on the Teviot, 3
miles south-west of Hawick,Roxburghshire.
It belongs to the Duke of Buccleuch ; is
now a modern-looking mansion, with very
strong old tower ; was formerly a great
fortress, and figures graphically as such
in Sir Walter Scott's Lay of the Last

BRANY, head-stream of the North Esk,
in Lochlee parish, Forfarshire.

BRAXFIELD, seat near Lanark, Lanark-
shire.

BRAXY, hill, 684 feet high, 5 miles
south-west of Stonehaven, Kincardine-
shire.

BREACACHA, deserted, tolerably entire,
very ancient castle, in Coll Island, Argyle-
shire.

BREADALBANE, district in north-west
of Perthshire. It adjoins Inverness-shire
and Argyleshire, measures about 33 miles
by 31, is prevailingly rugged and moun-
tainous, and consists largely of masses of
the Grampians, and it gives the title of
earl to a branch of the family of Campbell.

BREAKISH, place in Strath parish, Isle
of Skye. It has a public school with
about 52 scholars.

BREASCLETE, village;, 16 miles west of
Stornoway, Cuter Hebrides. Pop. 352.

BRECHIN, town, mansion, and parish
in north-east of Forfarshire. The town
stands on the South Esk, at terminus of
branch railway, 19j miles north-east of
Forfar ; dates from the Culdee times, and
became the seat of a diocese ; is a royal
and parliamentary burgh, uniting with
Forfar, Arbroath, Montrose, and Bervie
in sending a member to Parliament ;
comprises a main street about a mile
long, and some lesser streets ; has a head
post office with all departments, 5 banking
offices, 3 hotels, a town hall of the latter
part of last century, a public hall of 1838,
a public library, 2 Established churches,
2 Free churches, 3 United Presbyterian
churches, an Evangelical Union chapel,
an Episcopalian church, a large public
school of 1876, 5 other public schools,
and a new water supply, obtained in 1874
at a cost of £15,000 ; publishes a weekly
newspaper, and carries on extensive manu-
facture of sail-cloth and brown linen. Its
cathedral was founded by David I., but
never completed ; measured 166 feet by
61, was partly destroyed at the Reforma-

tion, and the nave of it is now the parish
church. A steeple, 128 feet high, is at
its north-west corner, and a round tower,
similar to the round tower of Abernethy
and the round towers of Ireland, is
adjacent to its south-west corner. Ileal
property of the burgh in 1880-81, £26,517.
Pop. 9031. — The mansion, Brechin Castle,
is a seat of the Earl of Dalhousie ; stands
on a rock overhanging the South Esk, in
western vicinity of the town ; and occupies
the site of an ancient baronial fortalice
which stoutly resisted Edward I. of Eng-
land. — The parish contains also the villages
of Little Brechin and Trinity Moor, and
is about 7 miles long and 6 miles broad.
Acres, 14,313. Real property of landward
part in 1880-81, £20,854. Pop., quoad
civilia, 10,499 : quoad sacra, 8827. The
surface is mostly level, but includes the
eminence of Burghill, and is overlooked
at short distance by the frontier Grampians.
The seats, besides Brechin Castle, are
Eskmount, Keithock, and Ardovie. There
are 11 schools for 1944 scholars, and 3 of
them and an enlargement for 980 are new.

BRECHIN (EAST), quoad sacra parish in
Brechin parish, Forfarshire. Pop. 1672.

BRECHIN (LITTLE), village in Brechin
parish, Forfarshire.

BRECKEN, hill in St. Mungo parish,
Dumfriesshire.

BRECKNESS, headland and mansion at
north side of entrance of Hoy Sound,
Orkney. The mansion was erected in
1633 by the last Bishop of Orkney.

BRECKRY, glen and rivulet in Southend
parish, Argyleshire.

BRECON, voe or bay in north of Yell
Island, Shetland.

BRECONBEDS, place in Annan parish,
Dumfriesshire. It has a public school
with about 110 scholars.

BREDA, seat, 1\ miles west of Alford,
Aberdeenshire.

BREDIELAND, estate in Abbey parish,
Renfrewshire.

BREICH. See Briech.

BRESSAY, island, sound, and parish in
south of Shetland. The island lies
between Noss and Mainland, opposite
Lerwick, and has a post office under
Lerwick. Its length is 6f miles, its
breadth mostly between 2 and 3 miles.
Its coast is rocky, partly high and partly
cavernous ; and its interior is tumulated,
includes aconicalhill 724feethigh, and con-
tains a conspicuous ancient standing stone,
and some vestiges of Scandinavian build-
ings. Pop. 847. — The sound divides the
island from Mainland ; is a capacious, well-
sheltered, natural harbour, and serves as the
harbour of Lerwick, a rendezvous of whale-
ships, and a great centre of herring-fishery.
— The parish contains also Noss, Papa,
Hevera, Holm, East Burra, and "West
Burra islands, and the Quarff portion ot
Mainland. Real property in 1880-81,
£1880. Pop., quoad civilia, 1768 ; quoad
sacra, 850. The churches are 3 Estab-

BRE

58

BRI

lished, and. 4 Dissenting. There are 6
schools for 337 scholars, and 5 of them for
270 are new.

BREWERY, hamlet in Borthwick parish,
Edinburghshire.

BRIARACHAN, head -stream of the
Ardle, Perthshire.

BRIDEKIRK, village and quoad sacra
parish in south of Annandale, Dumfries-
shire. The village stands on Annan river,
3 miles north-north west of Annan town,
and has a post office under Annan, and a
three-arched bridge. Pop. of the village,
309 ; of the quoad sacra parish, 702.

BRIDESNESS, headland at south-east of
North Konaldshay Island, Orkney.

BRIDGEGATE, quoad sacra parish, with
Established and Free churches, adjacent
to north side of Clyde, Glasgow. Pop.
3119.

BRIDGEND, suburb on right bank of the
Leven, adjacent to Dumbarton.

BRIDGEND, suburb on left bank of the
Tay, adjacent to Perth.

BRIDGEND, suburb on right bank of the
Nith, adjacent to Dumfries. It figures in
history as Bridgend, but is now called
Maxwelltown, which see.

BRIDGEND, suburb of Dalkeith, Edin-
burghshire.

BRIDGEND, suburb of Crieff, Perth-
shire.

BRIDGEND, suburb of Ceres, Fife.

BRIDGEND, hamlet on the Tweed, about
a mile west of Melrose, Roxburghshire.
A curious ancient bridge here was sur-
mounted by a castellated gateway, and
figures in Sir "Walter Scott's Monastery,
but has disappeared.

BRIDGEND, hamlet in Lintrathen par-
ish, Forfarshire.

BRIDGEND, place in Euthven parish,
Forfarshire.

BRIDGEND, village in Kenmore parish,
Perthshire.

BRIDGEND, place in Kilbirnie parish,
Ayrshire. It has a public school with
about 199 scholars.

BRIDGEND, part of Alness town, Ross-
shire. Pop. 942.

BRIDGEND, village at head of Lochin-
daal, Islay Island, Argyleshire. It has a
post office, with money order and tele-
graph departments, under Greenock.

BRIDGEND, village near Bathgate,
Linlithgowshire. Pop. 253.

BRIDGEND, hamlet on the Clyde, 2
miles south-east of Lanark.

BRIDGEND, estate in Lochwinnoch par-
ish, Renfrewshire.

BRIDGEND (OLD), village in Galston
parish, Ayrshire.

BRIDGENESS, village in Carriden par-
ish, Linlithgowshire. Pop. 260.

BRIDGE OF ALLAN,town on Allan river,
3 miles north of Stirling. It ranks high
as a resort of invalids and convalescents,
owes its celebrity to at once its climate,
its structure, its environs, its views, and
its vicinity to Airthrey mineral wells;

looks, as seen from Stirling, to be a town
of villas ; communicates with Stirling by
tramway cars, and commands wide extent
and variety of charming walks and drives; 1
publishes a weekly newspaper, and has a
head post office with all departments, a
railway station, 2 banking offices, 4 hotels,
a hydropathic establishment, a museum, 4
handsome modern churches, Established,
Free, United Presbyterian, and Episcopa-
lian, and a public school with about 189
scholars. Pop. at the census of 1881,
3005; but the summer visitors are
usually from 30,000 to 40,000.

BRIDGE OF ALVAH, remarkable bridge
on the Deveron, in a bold chasm, 3 miles
south of Banff.

BRIDGE OF BRUAN, place in Braes of
Abernethy, Inverness-shire.

BRIDGE OF BUCKET, hamlet in Glen-
bucket parish, Aberdeenshire. It has a
post office under Aberdeen.

BRIDGE OF CALLY, place, 5 miles north-
west of Blairgowrie, Perthshire. It has a
post office under Blairgowrie.

BRIDGE OF CANNY, place in Banchory-
Ternan parish, Kincardineshire. It has a
post office under Aberdeen.

BRIDGE OF CAY, place, 10 miles south-
west of Grantown, Elginshire.

BRIDGE OF CREE. See Ceeebkidge.

BRIDGE OF DEE, village on the Dee,
2| miles south-west of Castle-Douglas,
Kirkcudbrightshire. It has a railway
station.

BRIDGE OF DEE, place on the Dee,
suburban to Aberdeen. It has a post
office under Aberdeen.

BRIDGE OF DON, place on the Don,
suburban to Aberdeen. It has a post
office under Aberdeen, and a public school.

BRIDGE OF DOUGLAS, place, with public
school, in Glenaray parish, Argyleshire.

BRIDGE OF DRIP, bridge on the Forth,
2j miles west-north-west of Stirling.

BRIDGE OF DULSIE, place on Findhorn
river, 10 miles south-south-east of Nairn.

BRIDGE OF DUN, place, 4 miles east of
Brechin, Forfarshire. It has a post office
under Montrose, and a railway junction
station.

BRIDGE OF EARN, village on river Earn,
4 miles south-by-east of Perth. It is a
resort of invalids and convalescents ; owes
its attractions to climate, environs,
command of walks and drives, and
vicinity to Pitcaithly wells ; and has a
head post office with all departments, a
railway station, and a hotel. Pop. 304.

BRIDGE OF ETRISH, place on Truim
rivulet, south of Dalwhinnie, Inverness -
shire.

BRIDGE OF FEUGH, bridge on cataract-
ine reach of Feugh river, south-west of
Banchory, Kincardineshire.

BRIDGE OF GAIRN, place in Glenmuick
parish, Aberdeenshire. It has a post
office under Aberdeen.

BRIDGE OF GRUDIE, place near south
side of Loch Maree, Ross-shire.

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59

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BRIDGE OF MARNOCH, place, with post
office under Huntly, Aberdeenshire.

BRIDGE OF MUCHALLS, place in
Fetteresso parish, Kincardineshire. It
has a public school with about 68

BRIDGE OF POTARCH, place on the
Dee, 11 mile east-south-east of Kincardine
0*Neil, Aberdeenshire.

BRIDGE OF ROY, hamlet, 10 miles north-
east of Fort-William, Inverness-shire. It
has a post office under Fort-William, an
inn, and a public school with about 75
scholars.

BRIDGE OF TEITH, suburb of Doune,
Perthshire. It has a United Presbyterian
church.

BRIDGE OF TILT, village at mouth of
river Tilt, adjacent to a railway viaduct,
near Blair-Athole railway station, Perth-
shire. It has a hotel, and an Episcopalian
church.

BRIDGE OF TURK, place, 7 miles west
of Callander, Perthshire. It figures in
Sir Walter Scott's Lady of the Lake, and
has a post office under Callander.

BRIDGE OF URR, village in Kirkpatrick-
Durham parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

BRIDGE OF WEIR, town, 4f miles west-
north-west of Paisley, Eenfrewshire. It is
a seat of manufacture, and has a post
office under Paisley, and a Free church.
Pop. 1267.

BRIDGE OF WESTFIELD, place, with
post office under Thurso, Caithness.

BRIDGETON, eastern suburb of Glasgow.
It is large and mostly squalid, includes a
public pavilion with clock-tower erected
in 1875, contains a number of factories,
communicates by tramway with all parts
of the city, and has a quoad sacra parish
church, a Free church, a United Original
Secession church, and a large public school.
Pop. of quoad sacra parish, 6383 ; of regis-
tration district, 39,628.

BRIDGETON, village in Eedgorton parish,
Perthshire.

BRIDGETON, seat and hill in St. Cyrus
parish, Kincardineshire.

BRIDIANOCH, headland in west of Rum
Island, Inner Hebrides.

BRIECH, rivulet rising in Cambusnethan
parish, Lanarkshire, running 3 miles
eastwai-d to meeting point with Linlith-
gowshire and Edinburghshire, and
proceeding 8 miles north-eastward along
the boundary between these two counties
to the river Almond.

BRIECH, railway station, near Briech
rivulet, between Fauldhouse and West
Calder.

BRIERBUSH, village in Penpont parish,
Dumfriesshire.

BRIGHAM. See Birgham.

BRIGHTON, place, with public school, in
Cupar parish, Fife.

BRIGIE, hill, 575 feet high, near Mull
of Galloway, Wigtonshire.

BRIG 0' BALGOWNIE, old bridge on the
Don, near Old Aberdeen.

BRIG 0' TRAM, feature on coast of
Wick parish, Caithness.

BRIGTON, seat and hill in Kinnettles
parish, Forfarshire.

BRIMMOND, hill, 859 feet high, 7 miles
west-by-north of Aberdeen.

BRIMSNESS, small headland in Thurso
parish, Caithness.

BRINDISTER, voe or bay, with excellent
anchorage, in Sandsting parish, Shetland.

BRINDY, part of lofty hill -ridge, divid-
ing Garioch district from Alford Yale,
Aberdeenshire.

BRISBANE, seat and glen in Largs
parish, Ayrshire.

BRISHMEAL, basaltic hill, with grand
view, on Bracaclale coast, Isle of Skye

BRISTO, old suburb, now absorbed in
southern part of Edinburgh.

BRITTLE, sea-loch in Minginish district,
Isle of Skye.

BROAD BAY, sea-loch, 8 miles long and
4 miles broad, in Stornoway parish,
Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

BROADCHAPEL, seat near Lochmaben,
Dumfriesshire.

BROADFIELD, seat in Kilmalcolm parish,
Renfrewshire.

BROADFORD, village, bay, and rivulet,
in Strath parish, Isle of Skye. The
village stands at the bay's head and
rivulet's mouth, 8 miles south-west of
Kyleakin, and has a head post office with
money order and telegraph departments,
an inn, an Established church, and a
public school with about 64 scholars.

BROADHAVEN, fishing village in Wick
parish, Caithness.

BROADLAW, mountain, 2723 feet high,
with grand view on north-east border of
Tweedsmuir parish, Peeblesshire.

BROADMEADOWS, seat on Yarrow
river, 4i miles west-by-north of Selkirk.

BROADMEADOWS, seat in Hutton parish,
Berwickshire.

BROADSEA, fishing village, near Fraser-
burgh, Aberdeenshire. Pop. 423.

BROATS, seat in Kirkpatrick-Fleming
parish, Dumfriesshire.

BROCHEL, dilapidated strong old castle
on Raasay Island, Inverness-shire.

BROCK, small affluent of the Levern,
Renfrewshire.

BROCKLEHURST, hamlet in Mouswald
parish, Dumfriesshire.

BROCKS BRAE, rising ground, adjacent
to south-west end of St. Ninians, Stirling-
shire. The ' Bore Stone,' in which Bruce
j planted his standard at the battle of
Bannockburn, is on it.

BRODICHAN, lake in Crathie parish,
Aberdeenshire.

BRODICK, bay, village, ducal seat, and
quoad sacra parish in Arran Island, Bute-
shire. The bay is near the middle of the
east coast, 14 miles west-south-west of
Ardrossan, has a crescent form on a chord
of about 3 miles, and is overlooked by the
mouths of 3 glens amid grand lofty moun-
tains. — The village lies dispersedly on the

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60

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bay, and has a post office, with all depart-
ments, under Ardrossan, a hotel, an iron
pier of 1872, and a church. — The seat,
Brodick Castle, belongs to the Duke of
Hamilton, stands amid ornate grounds
on north side of the village, is a spacious
modern edifice with lofty tower, and
occupies the site of an ancient fortalice
of the Lords of the Isles. — The quoad sacra
parish is part of Kilbride. Pop. 933.

BRODIE, railway station and mansion,
3i miles west-by- south of Forres, Elginshire.

"BRODIESORD, place in Fordyce parish,
Banffshire. It has a public school with
about 55 scholars.

BROGAR BRIDGE, place at southern
extremity of Loch Stenness, Orkney.

BROICH, seat and burn in Kippen parish,
Stirlingshire.

BROLUM, sea-loch on south-east coast
of Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

BROMLAND, seat in Troqueer parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

BRONACH, burn in Laggan parish,
Inverness-shire.

BRONY, vale in Ellon parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

BROOM, village in Dyke parish, Elgin-
shire.

BROOM, island in the Spey, in Knock-
ando parish, Elginshire.

BROOM, sea-loch, 16 miles long, on west
coast of Ross-shire.

BROOM, mountain, 2302 feet high, near
head of Glenisla, Forfarshire.

BROOM, farm, said to have been the
scene of a severe repulse of Robert Bruce
by the English, in Cummertrees parish,
Dumfriesshire.

BROOMHALL, seat of the Earl of Elgin,
near the Forth, in Dunfermline parish,
Fife.

BROOMHILL, seat near Larkhall,
Lanarkshire.

BROOMHILL, lake near Lochmaben,
Dumfriesshire.

BROOMHILL, railway station, 3J miles
south - south - west of Grantown, Elgin-
shire.

BROOMHILL, estate, with home for
incurables, near Kirkintilloch, Dumbarton-
shire. It was purchased for £14,000, and
the home on it was opened in 1875.

BROOMHOLM, seat, thought to be on
site of ancient Caledonian town, 2 miles
south of Langholm, Dumfriesshire.

BROOMHOUSE, village in Old Monkland
parish, 6 miles by road south-east of Glas-
gow. It has a railway station. Pop. 371.

BROOMHOUSE, seat in Edrom parish,
Berwickshire.

BROOMIEKNOWE, village, with railway
station, 1J mile west-south-west of Esk-
bank, Edinburghshire.

BROOMIEKNOWE, hamlet in Heriot
parish, Edinburghshire.

BROOMIELAW, north side of harbour,
Glasgow.

BROOMKNOLL, part of Airdrie, Lanark-
shire.

BROOMLANDS, hamlet in Inchinnan

parish, Renfrewshire.

BROOMLEE, railway station, serving for
West Linton, Peeblesshire.

BROOMLEY, seat near Alexandria, Dum-
bartonshire.

BROOM (LITTLE), sea-loch, 8$ miles
long, separated by only a narrow ridge
from Loch Broom, Ross-shire.

BROOMRIG, seat on the Nith, in Holy-
wood parish, Dumfriesshire.

BRORA, river, lake, and village in south-
east of Sutherland. The river runs about
24 miles south-eastward, along a pictur-
esque glen to the sea, at 4^ miles north-
east of Golspie. — The lake is an expansion
of the lower reach of the river, 4 miles
long, and looking to be a chain of 3 lakes.
— The village stands at the river's mouth,
adjoins a remarkable coal-field, and has a
post office with all departments designated
of Sutherlandshire, a railway station, a
banking office, and a small harbour.
Pop. 579.

BROTHER, lake in Mearns parish, Ren-
frewshire.

BROTHER, small island, near south
coast of Yell, Shetland.

BROTHERSTONE, hill, 1362 feet high,
4 miles south-east of Borthwick, Edin-
burghshire.

BROTHERTON, seat in Benholm parish,
Kincardineshire.

BROTHOCK, rivulet entering the sea at
Arbroath, Forfarshire.

BROUGH, fishing hamlet in Dunnet
parish, Caithness.

BROUGH, seat in Fetlar Island, Shetland.

BROUGH, semi-insular headland, appar-
ently once a rock fortification, on north-
west coast of Birsay parish, Orkney.

BROUGH, dilapidated Scandinavian
castle, on north coast of Delting parish,
Shetland.

BROUGHTON, village and parish in west
of Peeblesshire. The village stands on a
burn of its own name, 5 miles east of
Biggar, and has a Free church and a public
school. — The parish is properly threefold,
Broughton, Glenholm, and Kilbucho,
contains Rachan Mill, with post office
under Biggar, and measures 9^ by 5^-
miles. Acres, 18,065. Real property in
1880-81, £9574. Pop. 665. The surface
comprises 3 vales, traversed by burns to
Biggar water, mostly flanked by hill
ranges, and 2 of them closed at the head
by lofty mountains. The seats are
Broughton Place, Mossfennan, Quarter,
and Rachan. The parochial church is in
Kilbucho, and public schools are in Kil-
bucho and Glenholm.

BROUGHTON, old suburb, now absorbed
in New Town of Edinburgh.

BROUGHTY FERRY, town and 2 quoad
sacra parishes, on south border of Forfar-
shire. The town stands on Firth of Tay,
3|- miles east of Dundee ; connects rail-
ways from the west, the north, and the
north-east with the ferry to Tayport ; is a

BRO

61

BUC

favourite watering-place, with numerous
villas and several mansions, and has a post
office, with all departments, under Dundee,
2 banking offices, 3 hotels, a renovated old
castle, a monument of 1860 to Dr. Thomas
Dick, 2 Established churches, 2 Free
churches, 3 United Presbyterian churches,
Congregational and Baptist chapels, an
Episcopalian church, a Good Templars'
hall of 1874, and 12 schools with accommo-
dation for 1305 scholars. 4 of the
churches — Established, Free, United Pres-
byterian, and Episcopalian — are recent and
handsome, and 2 of the schools and an en-
largement for 300 scholars are new. Pop. of
the town, 7407 ; of the 2 parishes, Droughty
Ferry and St. Stephens, 5549 and 1836.

BROW, decayed small watering-place on
Solway Firth, in Ruthwell parish, Dum-
friesshire. The poet Burns made his last
and vain effort here for regaining health.

BROWHOUSES, village on ooast of
Gretna parish, Dumfriesshire.

BROWN-CARRICK, broad-based hill, 940
feet high, with magnificent view, between
Doon river and Firth of Clyde, Ayrshire.

BROWNFIELD, part of Glasgow, ad-
jacent to east side of Anderston.

BROWNHILLS, seat near St. Andrews,
Fife.

BROWNLEE, and WEST BROWNLEE,

seats near Dalserf, Lanarkshire.

BROXBURN, rivulet, entering the sea
about a mile south-east of Dunbar,
Haddingtonshire.

BROXBURN, rivulet and town in east of
Linlithgowshire. The rivulet runs about
8 miles east-north-eastward to the Almond,
at | mile above Kirkliston. — The town
stands on the rivulet, 12 miles west-by-
south of Edinburgh, and has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, under Edinburgh, a public hall of
1872, a United Presbyterian church of
1881, a Roman Catholic school-chapel, and
a public school with about 212 scholars.
Pop. 3066.

BROXMOUTH, a seat of the Duke of
Roxburgh, 1£ mile east of Dunbar, Had-
dingtonshire. Its park was Cromwell's
headquarters on eve of the battle of Dun-
bar.

BRUAN, hamlet, 8 miles south-west of
Wick, Caithness. It has a Free church.

BRUAR, rivulet, running 10 miles south-
ward to the Garry at 3 miles west of
Blair- Athole, Perthshire. It makes in the
lower part of its course an enormous
descent, with series of cataracts and 3
famous falls.

BRUCEFIELD, seat in Clackmannan
parish, Clackmannanshire.

BRUCEFIELD, tract, alleged to have
been the battle-scene of 1308 between
Bruce and Comyn, in Bourtie parish,
Aberdeenshire.

BRUCEFIELD FEUS, village in Dun-
fermline parish, Fife.

BRUCEHAVEN, harbour, adjacent to
Limekilns village, Fife.

BRUCE'S CASTLE, place, alleged to have
been a retreat of King Robert Bruce, at
south-east skirt of Schichallion Mountain,
Perthshire.

BRUCH-NA-FREA, north-west summit
of Cuchullin Mountains, Isle of Skye.

BRUCKLAY, village in New Deer parish,
Aberdeenshire. It has a railway station,
and a public school with about 78 scholars.

BRUIACH, lake in Kiltarlity parish,
Inverness-shire.

BRUNSTAIN, seat, If mile south of
Portobello, Edinburghshire.

BRUNSTANE, ruined ancient castle, 1\
miles south-west of Penicuick, Edinburgh-
shire.

BRUNSWARK, tabular-topped hill, 740
feet high, with magnificent view, 8 miles
north of Annan, Dumfriesshire. It was a
Roman central station, and it has well-
preserved remains of 2 Roman camps.

BRUNTISLAND. See Burntisland.

BRUNTON, village in Criech parish,
Fife. It has a post office under Cupar.

BRURIE, island in Nesting parish, Shet-
land. Pop. 50.

BRUX, seat in Tullynessle parish, Aber-
deenshire.

BRUXIE, hill in Arbuthnot parish, Kin-
cardineshire.

BRYDEKIRK. See Bridekikk.

BUACHAILLE, basaltic islet adjacent to
Staffa, Argyleshire.

BUACHAILLE-ETIVE, massive moun-
tain, 3120 feet high, at south side of head
of Glencoe, Argyleshire.

BUALNALUIB, place in Gairloch parish,
Ross-shire. It has a public school with
about 118 scholars.

BUCCLEUCH, ancienfc parish, now part
of Ettrick parish, Selkirkshire. It gives
the title of duke to the chief of the
family of Scott.

BUCCLEUCH, quoad sacra parish in
south side of Edinburgh. Pop. 9672.

BUCHAN, district in north of Aberdeen-
shire. It extends from the east coast
almost to the Deveron, and measures
about 40 miles by 27, and it gives the
title of earl to a branch of the family of
Erskine.

BUCHANAN, parish in west border of
Stirlingshire. It lies along the greater
part of Loch Lomond ; extends from head
of Loch Katrine to lowmost reach of
Endrick river ; includes Inchcallioch,
Inchmurrin, Inchfad, Inchdruin, and Inch-
torr islands ; contains Inversnaid, Rowar-
dennan, and Balmaha; and measures,
exclusive of the islands, about 20 miles
by 6. Its post town is Drymen, under
Glasgow, and stands adjacent to the
southern boundary. Acres, 41,598. Real
property in 1880-81, £8436. Pop. 550.
The surface consists mostly of the moun-
tain-ridge culminating in Benlomond, but
comprises a rich lowland tract between
the end of that ridge and the Endrick.
Buchanan House there is the seat of the
Duke of Montrose, and succeeded a

BUO

62

BUN

previous mansion accidentally burnt in
1850. The public . school has about 26
schol 3*rs

BU CH ANHAVEN, fishing village, subur-
ban to Peterhead, Aberdeenshire.

BUCHANNESS, promontory, 3 miles
south of Peterhead, Aberdeenshire. An
islet near it shares its name, and has
a lighthouse with flashing light visible at
the distance of 16 nautical miles.

BUCHANTY, village in Fowlis-Wester
parish, Perthshire.

BUCHANY, village near Doune, Perth-
shire.

BUCHARIN, remnant of ancient castle
in Boharm parish, Banffshire.

BUCHLYVIE, village and quoad sacra
parish, with railway station, 15| miles west
of Stirling. The village has a post office
under Stirling, a banking office, a parochial
church of 1876, a Free church, a United
Presbyterian church, and a public school
with about 106 scholars. Pop. 319. — The
parish was constituted in 1875. Pop.
789.

BUCHOLIE, ruined strong old castle, on
coast of Canisbay parish, Caithness.

BUCKET, affluent of the Don, draining
Glenbucket, Aberdeenshire.

BUCKHAVEN, fishing town, 4£ miles
north-east of Dysart, Fife. It has a post
office, with money order and telegraph de-
partments, under Leven, 2 banking offices, a
pier and harbour formed under the Board
of Fisheries, a Free church, a United Pres-
byterian church, and 2 public schools with
about 420 scholars, and it presents a
curious irregular appearance, and figures
grotesquely in the old publication, History
of the College of Buckhaven. Pop. 2952.
A branch railway from Buckhaven to
Wemyss was opened in 1881.

BUCKHOLMSIDE, part of Galashiels
town.

BUCKIE, town and quoad sacra parish
on coast of Banffshire. The town stands
5 miles west - by - south of Oullen ; is
bisected by a burn of its own name,
dividing it into East Buckie and Nether
Buckie ; has a post office with all depart-
ments under Fochabers, 2 banking offices,
a new harbour constructed in 1874-80 at
cost of £60,000, Established, Free, United
Presbyterian, Episcopalian, and Roman
Catholic churches, and male and female
public schools with about 152 and 96
scholars, and is the headquarters of one
of the 25 fishery districts of Scotland.
A branch railway to it from Keith was
decided on in March 1882. Pop. of the
town, 4175 ; of the quoad sacra parish, 4349.

BUCKIE, glen in Balquhidder parish,
Perthshire.

BUCKLAND, affluent of the Dee, near
Kirkcudbright.

BUCKLAW, seat in New Deer parish,
Aberdeenshire.

BU CKLERHE AD, hamlet in Murroes
parish, Forfarshire.

BUCKLERHOLE, vestige of old Border

fortalice, in Mouswald parish, Dumfries-
shire.

BUCKLYVIE. See Buchlyvie.

BUCK OF CABRACH. See Cabrach.

BUDDO, dangerous rock in St. Andrews
Bay, Fife.

BUDDONNESS, low, sandy headland at
north side of mouth of Firth of Tay,
Forfarshire.

BUIE, stream entering Loch Creran,
Argyleshire.

BUIE, lake in Criech parish, Suther-
land.

BUILG, lake in Kirkmichael parish,
Banffshire.

BUITTLE, parishbetween Castle-Douglas
and Dalbeattie, and extending to the
coast at west side of Urr river, Kirkcud-
brightshire. It contains Palnackie village,
and its post town is Castle-Douglas. Its
length is 10 miles, its greatest breadth 3|
miles, its area 11,391 acres. Keal property
in 1880-81, £12,994. Pop. 991. The
surface is finely diversified with hill and
dale. Granite abounds, and was for some
time extensively quarried. Buittle Castle,
now represented by only vaults and
ditches, was a favourite residence of John
Baliol. There are 2 public schools for 144
scholars, and 1 of them is new.

BULAY, two islets, Greater and Lesser,
off south coast of Skye.

BULLERHOLES, place, with public
school, in Kilwinning parish, Ayrshire.

BULLERS OF BUCHAN, village and
shattered range of sea cliff, 5^ miles
south of Peterhead, Aberdeenshire. The
cliff is intricately torn and perforated, and
includes a natural tunnel with shaft swept
by sea-billows in storms.

BULLIONFIELD, place, with paperworks,
adjacent to Invergowrie, 4 miles west of
Dundee.

BULLION WELL, mineral spring in
Ecclesmachan parish, Linlithgowshire.

BULVICAR, bay in Seil Island, Argyle-
shire.

BULWARK, place in Old Deer parish,
Aberdeenshire. It has a public school
with about 69 scholars.

BUNACHTON, lake on north border of
Daviot parish, Inverness-shire.

BUNAVOULIN, place in Morvern parish,
Argyleshire. It has a post office under
Fort-William, and a public school with
about 48 scholars.

BUNA WE, village at influx of river Awe
to Loch Etive, Argyleshire. It adjoins
extensive ironworks, and maintains a
ferry across Loch Etive.

BUNCHREW, railway station and seat,
3| miles west of Inverness.

BUNDALLOCH, fishing village on Loch
Long, in Kintail parish, Ross-shire.

BUNESS, seat and chrome quarry in
Unst Island, Shetland.

BUNESSAN. See Bonessan.

BUNKER'S HILL, site of James Square,
Edinburgh.

BUNKLE, parish, averagely 3j miles

BUN"

63

BUR

north-north -east of Dunse, Berwickshire.
Post town, Edrom. Acres, 9189. Real
property in 1880-81, £12,136. Pop. 726.
The south-eastern section is nearly level,
and the north-western is part of the
Lammermoors, called Bunkle Edge. The
seats are Blanerne, Cruiksfield, and Easter
Cruicksfield. The public school has about
75 scholars.

BUNMAN, hill with fine view in Kirk-
maiden parish, Wigtonshire.

BUNROY, hamlet in Kilmonivaig parish,
Inverness-shire.

BUNZEON, estate in Cults parish,
Fife.

BURDIEHOUSE, hamlet, with limekilns,
on burn of its own name, 3^ miles south
of Edinburgh. The burn runs 8J miles
from the Pentlands north-eastward to
Firth of Forth.

BURD YARDS, estate in Forres parish,
Elginshire.

BURG, bold headland in Kilfinichen
parish, Argyleshire.

BURGAR, seat in Evie parish, Orkney.
BURGHEAD, bay, promontory, town,
and quoad sacra parish in Elginshire.
The bay lies immediately east of mouth of
Findhorn river, has'a proximately half -moon
form on a chord of about 4 miles, and is
entirely exposed to the north-north-west.
— The promontory flanks the east side of
the bay, projects about •§ mile from the
adjacent coast line, presents to the sea a
precipitous front about 80 feet high, and
was the site of successively a Roman
station and Scandinavian works. — The
town stands on the south-west slope of
the promontory, at terminus of branch
railway, 11 miles north-west of Elgin ; is
a watering-place, a small seaport, and an
important fishing-station, and has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Elgin, a banking office,
a hotel, a suite of baths, a public reading-
room, an artificial harbour, Established,
Free, and United Presbyterian churches,
and 2 public schools with about 305
scholars. Pop. of the town, 1411 ; of the
quoad sacra parish, 2059.

BURGIE, estate, with ancient castle,
modern mansion, and public school, in
Bafford parish, Elginshire.

BURLEIGH, ruined baronial castle,
near Milnathort, Kinross-shire. It
belonged to the Lords Balfour, who were
attainted in 1716, and whose descendant
was restored to the peerage in 1869.

BURN, seat in Fettercairn parish, Kin-
cardineshire.

BURNBANK, fishing village in Nigg
parish, Kincardineshire.

BURNBANK, streamlet running to the
Forth in Kincardine parish, Perthshire.

BURNBRAE, place near Methven, Perth-
shire. It has a post office under Perth.

BURNBRIDGE, village in Muiravonside
parish, Stirlingshire.

BURNESS, parish in Sanday Island,
Orkney. It comprises the island's

north-west peninsula, and is united to
Cross.

BURNESS, lake in Westray Island,
Orkney.

BURNFOOT, small harbour at head of
Luce Bay, Wigtonshire.

BURNFOOT, small harbour in Rerrick
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

BURNFOOT, seat in Westerkirk parish,
Dumfriesshire.

BURNFOOT, places in Carriden parish,
Linlithgowshire ; Glendovan parish, Perth-
shire ; Gargunnock parish, Stirlingshire ;
and Lochwinnoch parish , Renfrewshire.

BURNFOOTHILL, town in Dalmelling-
ton parish, Ayrshire. Pop. 1690.

BURNHAVEN, fishing village in Peter-
head parish, Aberdeenshire. It has a
public school which about 94 scholars.
Pop. 320.

BURNHEAD, hamlet in Penpont parish,
Dumfriesshire. It has a United Presby-
terian church.

BURNHEAD. place in Dunscore parish,
Dumfriesshire. It has a public school
with about 113 scholars.

BURNHOUSE, village in Beith parish,
Ayrshire.

BURNHOUSE, seat in Stow parish,
Edinburghshire.

BURNMOUTH, fishing village in Ayton
parish, Berwickshire. It has a railway
station, and a public school with about 100
scholars. Pop. with Ross, 371.

BURN OF CAMBUS, place near Doune,
Perthshire. It has a post office under
Stirling.

BURN OF VAT, streamlet crossing a
vertical vat-like cave, in east end of Tullich
section of Glenmuick parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

BURN ROW, village in Slamannan
parish, Stirlingshire. Pop. 353.

BURNS, hamlet in Milton section of
Markinch parish, Fife.

BURNSIDE, village, suburban to Dum-
barton. Pop. 386.

BURNSIDE, village in Muiravonside
parish, Stirlingshire.

BURNSIDE, village, suburban to Kettle,
Fife.

BURNSIDE, place in Tannadice parish,
Forfarshire. It has a public school, with
about 67 scholars.

BURNSIDE, part of Kilsyth burgh,
Stirlingshire. It has a public school with
about 247 scholars.

BURNSIDE, place in Dairy parish, Ayr-
shire. It has a public school with about
104 scholars.

BURNSIDE, village in St. Cyrus parish,
Kincardineshire.

BURNSIDE, village in Nairn parish,
Nairnshire.

BURNSIDE, seat in Rathven parish,
Banffshire.

BURNSIDE, hamlet near Birnam, Perth-
shire.

BURNSIDE, seat in Rescobie parish,
Forfarshire.

BUR

64

BUT

BURNSWARK. See Bkunswabk.
BURNTISLAND, town and parish on
south coast of Fife. The town stands on
Firth of Forth, 6 miles south-west-by-south
of Kirkcaldy ; occupies a low peninsula in
front of near screen of high sheltering hills ;
connects the railways through Fife with
the ferry to Granton ; belonged anciently
to Dunfermline Abbey, and had once
defensive walls, but figures little in history ;
ranks now as a sea-bathing resort, a sea-
port, a royal burgh, and a parliamentary
burgh, uniting with Kinghom, Kirkcaldy,
and Dysart in sending a member to
Parliament ; comprises 2 principal
streets, parallel to each other, and some
lanes ; and has a head post office with all
departments, 2 banking offices, a hotel,
extensive waterworks, an excellent arti-
ficial harbour, Established, Free, United
Presbyterian, and Episcopalian churches,
a public school with capacity for 600
scholars, and several local institutions.
New waterworks, constructed at a cost of
about £25,000, were opened in 1879 ; and
together with previous works they yield
to the inhabitants 70 gallons per head per
day. The harbour, even prior to the rail-
way period, was the best on the Firth of
Forth, and had much capacity and good
appliances ; and it underwent much ex-
tension and improvement to fit it for
the purposes of the railway ferry. A new
dock also was completed in December
1876, at a cost of more than £90,000;
measures 530 feet in length, 450 feet in
breadth, and 5| acres in water area ; and
has a depth of 22J feet on the sill at high
water of spring tides. The shipment of
coal forms a prominent business, and is
aided by two hydraulic hoists, which cost
£4000. The export trade underwent great
increase after 1876, continued to rise
steadily and rapidly, while that of nearly
all the other ports of Scotland underwent
depression, and was so high in the latter
part of 1879 as to yield harbour revenue
at the rate of about £11,000 a year. Eeal
property of the burgh in 1880-81, £23,904.
Pop. 4099. — The parish contains also
Kirkton village, and comprises 2565 acres.
Real property of landward part in 1880-81 .
£9491. Pop. 4821. The coast is about
3 miles long, — -g- sandy, and f rocky. The
interior, for about ^ mile from the shore,
is low, and afterwards rises abruptly into
bold hills. The seats are Colinswell, New-
bigging, and Grange ; and other interesting
objects are Rossend Castle, Knockdavie
ruined fortalice, and remains at Kirkton
of the ancient parochial church. There
are 3 schools, with accommodation for 951
scholars.

BURNWELL, seat near Kilmarnock,
Ayrshire.

BURRA, 2 islands, parish, and quoad
sacra parish in south of Shetland. The
islands are East and West Burra, they lie
off the west coast, divided by Cliff Sound
from the mainland, averagely about 10

miles south-west of Lerwick ; they extend
parallel to each other, respectively 6 and
5 miles, and are in one place so near each
other as to be connected by a rude bridge ;
and they consist mostly of narrow hill-ridges
with rocky shores. Pop. 215 and 427. —
The parish includes also Hevera and Papa
Islands, is united to Bressay, and has a
post office under Lerwick. — The quoad
sacra parish includes also Quarff. Pop.
918. See Bressay.

BURRA FIRTH, deep sandy bay in north
of Unst Island, Shetland.

BURRANESS, headland, with Scandina-
vian fort, in north-east of Yell Island,
Shetland.

BURRAVOE, bay and hamlet at south-
east extremity of Yell Island, Shetland.
The hamlet has a post office under Lerwick,
a chapel-of-ease, and a public school.

BURRAY, island and parish in south-
east of Orkney. The island lies between
South Ronaldshay and Pomona, measures
about 4J miles in length, and 2| miles in
extreme breadth, and has a post office
under Kirkwall, a chapel-of-ease, and a
public school with about 131 scholars.
Pop. 685. — The parish includes also
Hun da and Glenisholm Islands, and is
united to South Ronaldshay.

BURRELTON, village near Wood side
railway station, 13J miles north-east of
Perth. It has a post office under Coupar-
Angus, and a Free church. Pop. with
Woodside, 486.

BURWICK, place on south-east of South
Ronaldshay, Orkney. It has a post office
under Kirkwall, and an inn.

BUSBY, town on the White Cart, 6
miles south-by-west of Glasgow. It is a
seat of manufacture, and has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, under Glasgow, a railway station,
a Free church, a United Presbyterian
church, a Roman Catholic chapel of 1880,
and a public school with about 257
scholars. Pop. 2155.

BUSH, seat in Glencorse parish, Edin-
burghshire.

BUSH, burn on eastern boundary of
Kilsyth parish, Stirlingshire.

BUSTA, eastward branch of St. Magnus
Bay, Shetland.

BUTE, island in Firth of Clyde. It is
separated from Argyleshire by the narrow
channel called Kyles of Bute ; it extends
16 miles south - south - eastward, with a
breadth of from 2 to 5 miles ; it has mostly
a rocky coast, with intervention of fine
beachy bays ; it comprises 4 districts,
separated by nearly parallel dingles ; it
exhibits a pleasing variety of hill, rising
ground, slope, and vale ; it rises to a
height of nearly 1000 feet in the north,
and to heights of more than 500 feet in
the middle and the south; it contains a
lake of fully 388 acres, and 6 smaller
lakes ; it gives the titles of earl and
marquis to a branch of the family of
Stuart, and it contains the Marquis's

BUT

65

CAE

magnificent re-constructed seat of Mount
Stuart. Pop. 10,998.

BUTE (KYLES OF). See Kyles OF
Bute.

BUTELAND, estate in Currie parish,
Edinburghshire.

BUTE (NORTH), parish containing Port-
Bannatyne or Kamesburgh village, and
comprising the northern part of Bute
Island and all Inchmarnock, Buteshire.
Acres, 14,764. Real property in 1880-81,
£12,196. Pop. 1192. The post office
is Kamesburgh, under Rothesay ; the
churches are Established and Free ; and
2 public schools, with accommodation
for 263 scholars, belong jointly to it and
the landward parts of Rothesay parish.

BUTESHIRE, insular county in Firth of
Clyde. It comprises the islands of Bute,
Arran, Big Cumbray, Little Cumbray,
Holy Isle, Inchmarnock, and Pladda, and
has an area of 225 square miles. Real
property in 1880-81, £115,991. Pop. in
1871, 16,977 ; in 1881, 17,666. The only
towns are Rothesay and Millport, and the
only village with more than 500 inhabitants
is Port-Bannatyne. The county, inclusive
of Rothesay burgh, sends one member to
Parliament.

BUTTERGASK, village in Ardoch parish,
Perthshire.

BUTTERSTONE, village, seat, and lake
in Caputh parish, Perthshire. The village
has a post office under Dunkeld.

BUTT OF LEWIS, bold rugged promon-
tory at northern extremity of Lewis, Outer
Hebrides. A lighthouse is on it, with
fixed light visible at the distance of 18
nautical miles.

BUTTURICH, modern seat, on site of large
ancient fortalice, near Loch Lomond, 2
miles north of Balloch, Dumbartonshire.

BUXBURN, place on burn of its own
name, 5 miles north-west of Aberdeen. It
has a railway station, an Episcopalian
chapel of 1880, and a public school with
about 112 scholars.

BYRES, estate, 3 miles north-north- west
of Hamilton. It gives the title of baron to
the Earl of Haddington.

BYTH, seat in King Edward parish,
Aberdeenshire. See also Newbtth.

CAAF, affluent of the Garnock, Ayrshire.

CABRACH, parish in Aberdeenshire and
Banffshire, averagely about 11 miles west-
south- west of Huntly. It has a post office
under Aberdeen. Its length is 12 miles ;
its greatest breadth 8 miles ; its area 14,622
acres in Aberdeenshire, and 19,481 acres in
Banffshire. Real property in 1880-81,
£1347 and £2107. Pop. 312 and 370.
The entire surface is mountainous, and the
Buck of Cabrach, on its eastern boundary,
has a height of 2368 feet above sea-level.
The churches are Established and United
Presbyterian. There are 2 public schools
for 170 scholars, and 1 of them and a class-
room are new.

CACHILRIGH, hill in Torphichen parish,
Linlithgowshire.

CADBOLL, ancient castle, now represented
by only two or three vaults, on coast of
Fearn parish, Ross-shire.

CADDAM, extinct village in Coupar-
Angus parish, Perthshire.

CADDEN, extinct old castle on peninsular
rock in Kinneff parish, Kincardineshire.

CADDER, affluent of the Avon in Avon-
dale parish, Lanarkshire.

CADDER, village and parish on north
border of Lanarkshire. The village stands
adjacent to the site of a fort of Antoninus'
"Wall, near the river Kelvin, 5 miles north-
north-east of Glasgow, and is a small
scattered place, but contains the parochial
church, erected in 1830, and a public
school with about 124 scholars. — The parish
contains also the villages of Bishopbriggs,
Chryston, Auchinairn, Garnkirk, Mollin-
burn, Auchenloch, Muirhead, and Moodies-
burn, and parts of Lenzie and Garnqueen.
Its length is about 10 miles ; its greatest
breadth about 3f miles ; its area 13,969
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £49,508.
Pop., quoad civilia, 6965; quoad sacra,
2934. The surface is all low, and either
level or but slightly undulated. The soils
are exceedingly various. Coal, limestone,
and fine sandstone are more or less plenti-
ful; and rich extensive beds of fire-clay
lie around Garnkirk. The chief seats are
Cadder House, Garnkirk, Gartloch, Spring-
field, Bedlay, Robroyston, Gartferry, and
Glaudhall; and principal objects of antiqua-
rian interest are vestiges of Antoninus' Wall
and site of the house in which Sir William
Wallace was betrayed. The churches are
2 Established, 2 Free, and a United Presby-
terian. There are 7 schools for 1213
scholars, and 3 of them for 870 are new.

CADDON, affluent of the Tweed, drain-
ing the part of Stow parish within Selkirk-
shire.

CADDONFOOT, quoad sacra parish around
influx of the Caddon to the Tweed, aver-
agely 4J miles west-south-west of Gala-
shiels. It contains Clovenfords village,
with post office under Galashiels, and has
a church, enlarged in 1875, and a new
public school with accommodation for 135
scholars. Pop. 693.

CADZOW, burn running from Glassford
through Hamilton to the Clyde ; village and
quoad sacra parish on Hamilton part of
that burn ; and ruined castellated seat of
ancestors of the Duke of Hamilton on
Avon river, 1£ mile south-south-east of
Hamilton. Pop., of the village, 675; of
the quoad sacra parish, 7163.

CAERBANTORIGUM, ancient Caledonian
fort on hill with very extensive view in
Kirkcudbright parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

CAERKETAN, or KIRKYETTAN, one of
the Pentland Hills, in Colinton parish,
Edinburghshire.

CAERLANRIG, tract in Teviothead par-
ish, Roxburghshire.

CAERLAVEROCK, peninsular parish, be-
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G6

CAI

tween the Nith and the Lochar, on the
coast of Dumfriesshire. It contains Glen-
caple and Bankend villages, each with post
office under Dumfries ; contains also 4
smaller villages, and part of Kelton. Its
length is about 6 miles ; its greatest breadth
about miles ; its area 5664 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £9086. Pop. 1046.
The south-eastern part is low and level ;
and the middle and north-western parts
are an elongated hill, descending gradually
to the Nith and to the Lochar. Conheath
House is a chief residence. Vestiges of
Caledonian and Roman works are on the
hill. Caerlaverock Castle, one of the
grandest baronial ruins in Scotland, stands
near the mouth of the Nith ; was erected
about 1420 on site of a previous strong
castle ; served both as an important for-
tress and a noble residence ; forms three
sides of a triangle with interior open court ;
exhibits much beauty of architecture and
sculpture ; is so well preserved as to
retain a comparatively fresh aspect ; and
appears to have been in some respects,
though not in all, the prototype of Sir
"Walter Scott's ' Ellangowan ' in his Guy
Mannering. The grave and monument of
the person whose popular soubriquet gave
title to Sir Walter's Old Mortality are in
the parochial burying-ground. The churches
are Established and Free, and the latter is
in Glencaple. The public school is called
Hutton Hall, and has about 113 scholars.

CAERWINNING, hill, with vestiges of
ancient fortification, near Dairy, Ayrshire.

CAILM, lake in Reay parish, Caith-
ness.

CAINAIL, glen in Torosay parish, Mull
Island, Argyleshire.

CAIRN, small river, uniting with the
Glenesland to form the Cluden, on west
border of Dumfriesshire.

CAIRN, hill in Tundergarth parish,
Dumfriesshire.

CAIRN, hill in Kirkmaiden parish, Wig-
tonshire.

CAIRN, two summits of the Pentlands,
East and West, 1839 and 1844 feet high, in
Edinburghshire.

CAIRN, hill in Culsamond parish, Aber-
deenshire.

CAIRNAIG, rivulet, entering the Fleet,
in Sutherland.

CAIRNAKAY, mountain ridge, south-
westward from Benrinnes to the Aven's
glen, in Banffshire.

CAIRN APPLE, lofty hill on east border
of Torphichen parish, Linlithgowshire.

CAIRN- A-QUHEEN, stone tumulus about
1J mile west of Crathie church, Aberdeen-
shire. Its name was the war-cry of the
ancient clans of Deeside.

CAIRN-ARC, very ancient large cairn
near mouth of river Ness, Inverness-shire.

CAIRN - A - VAIN, ancient large cairn,
orowning one of the Ochil Hills, on north
border of Orwell parish, Kinross-shire.

CAIRNAVERAN, hill, crowned with
cairn, in Alford parish, Aberdeenshire.

CAIRNBALLOCH, one of the Monadh-
leadh mountains, Inverness-shire.

CAIRNBAN, place, with nine locks on
Crinal Canal, 2\ miles west-north-west of
Lochgilphead, Argyleshire.

CAIRNBAN, mountain, 3443 feet high,
10 miles east - north - east of Kingussie,
Inverness-shire.

CAIRNBANNO, seat, 11 miles west-south-
west of Mintlaw, Aberdeenshire. The
tract around it has one public school of its
name, with about 124 scholars, in New
Deer parish ; and another, with about 31
scholars, in Monquhitter.

CAIRNBANNOCH, mountain, 3314 feet
high, near Lochnagar, Aberdeenshire.

CAIRNBARROW, farm, with large cairns,
in Glass parish, Banffshire.

CAIRNBEDDIE, village in St. Martin's
parish, Perthshire. A moated mound here
is said to have been the site of a castle of
Macbeth.

CAIRNBRAN, large cairn in Loth parish,
Sutherland.

CAIRNBRENNOCH, mountain on north
verge of Blair- Athole parish, Perthshire.

CAIRNBROE, or CARNBROE, seat in
Bothwell parish, Lanarkshire.

CAIRNBULG, headland, conspicuous
ruined baronial castle, and fishing village
2\ miles south-east of Fraserburgh, Aber-
deenshire. The village possesses, con-
jointly with Inverallochy, a quoad sacra
parochial church, and a large public school.
Pop. 459.

CAIRNBURGBEG, and CAIRNBURG-
MORE, two of the Treshinish Isles near
north-west coast of Mull, Argyleshire.

CAIRNCHUNAIG, lofty mountain on
mutual border of Rosskeen and Kincardine
parishes, Ross-shire.

CAIRNCONAN, hill, with very fine view,
on west border of St. Vigeans parish, For-

CAIRN-CUILDICH, true site of original
Culdee establishment on west coast of Iona
Island, Ax-gyleshire.

CAIRNDOW, hamlet on east side near
head of Loch Fyne, Argyleshire. It com-
municates by steamboat with Inverary,
and has a post office, designated of
Argyleshire, and a good inn.

CAIRNECLAR, mountain, 3250 feet high,
13 miles north of Bridge of Tilt, Perth-
shire.

CAIRNESS, estate, with modern man-
sion, and with post office under Aberdeen,
in Lonmay parish, Aberdeenshire.

CAIRNEY. See Cairnie.

CAIRNEYHILL, village, 3 miles west-
south- west of Dunfermline, Fife. It has
a United Presbyterian church with 400
sittings, and a public school with about
89 scholars. Pop. 293.

CAIRNEYHILL, village adjacent to Bank-
foot, in Auchtergaven parish, Perthshire.

CAIRNFARRY, headland at north end of
Gigha Island, Argyleshire.

CAIRNFERG, conspicuous conical moun-
tain in Birse parish, Aberdeenshire.

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67

CAI

CAIRNFIELD, seat in Rathven parish,
Banffshire.

CAIRNGARROCH, bay in Kirkmaiden
parish, Wigton shire.

CAIRNGORMS, alpine mountain group
of Central Grampians around meeting-
point of Aberdeenshire, Banffshire, and
Inverness-shire. They occupy an area of
about 140 square miles ; they comprise
a number of masses and summits, separated
by depressions and glens ; they culminate
in Benmacdhu at an altitude of 4296 feet
above sea-level ; and they give their name
to certain fine rock crystals.

CAIRNGRASSIE, place near Stonehaven,
Kincardineshire. It has a post office
under Stonehaven.

CAIRNGREGOR, mountain at source of
Nairn river, 16 miles south of Inverness.

CAIRNHARROW, hill, 1497 feet high,
with extensive fine view, 4 miles south-
east of Creetown, Kirkcudbrightshire.

CAIRNHILL, seat near Airdrie, Lanark-
shire.

CAIRNHILL, seat near Kilmarnock, Ayr-
shire.

CAIRNHOLY, tumulus of antiquarian
note in Kirkmabreck parish, Kirkcud-
brightshire.

CAIRNIE, parish, chiefly in Aberdeen-
shire, and partly in Banffshire. It lies
midway between Huntly and Keith, and
has a post office under Huntly. Its length
is 8 miles ; its greatest breadth nearly
4| miles. Real property in 1880-81 of
the Aberdeenshire part, £7701 ; of the
Banffshire part, £912. Pop. 1565 and 60.
Some of the surface is low ground, with
deep fertile soil ; and some consists of
hills, largely covered with plantation.
About nine-tenths of the whole belong to
the Duke of Richmond. . The churches are
Established and Free. There are five
schools for 310 scholars, and one of them
for 70 is new.

CAIRNIE, seat in Kilconquhar parish,
Fife.

CAIRNIE, seat in Cupar parish, Fife.
CAIRNIEMOUNT, or CAIRN-O'-MOUNT,

hill, 1488 feet high, at meeting-point of
Fordoun, Fettercairn, and Strachan par-
ishes, Kincardineshire.

CAIRNIES, estate, with Scottish Episco-
pal college, on the Almond, 10 miles west-
north-west of Perth. It has a post office
under Perth.

CAIRN-IRENAN, spot of antiquarian
interest, giving name by transmutation to
Killearnan parish, Ross-shire.

CAIRNISH. See Cakinish.

CAIRNKINNA, mountain, 1813 feet high,
in Penpont parish, Dumfriesshire.

CAIRNLAW, mountain, 3| miles east-
south-east of Tweedsmuir church, Peebles-
shire.

CAIRNMONEARN, lofty hill, one of the
Grampians, in Durris parish, Kincardine-
shire.

CAIRNMORE, mountain in Strathdon
parish, Aberdeenshire.

CAIRNMORE, large cairn of antiquarian
interest in Aboyne parish, Aberdeenshire.

CAIRNMORE, each of two farms named
from large cairns in Logie-Coldstone parish,
Aberdeenshire.

CAIRNMORE, farm, named from large
cairn, in Glass parish, Banffshire.

CAIRNMUIR, cairn, 456 feet in circuit,
and 14 feet high, in Caputh parish, Perth-
shire.

CAIRNMUIR, seat in Kirkurd parish,
I^GGfolGSstiirG.

CAIRN-NA- CUIMHNE, historical cairn,
contiguous to narrow pass on the Dee, in
Crathie parish, Aberdeenshire.

CAIRNNOVVIE, place in Methlick parish,
Aberdeenshire. It has a post office under
Aberdeen, and a public school with about
95 scholars.

CAIRN-O'-MOUNT. See Cairniemount.

CAIRNPIOT, hill, 593 feet high, with
fine view, and with vestiges of military
works, in Portpatrick parish, Wigtonshire.

CAIRNRYAN, seaport village on Loch
Ryan, 6J miles north of Stranraer, Wig-
tonshire. It has a post office under Stran-
raer, an Established church, and a Free
church.

CAIRNS, ruined baronial fortalice in
Mid-Calder parish, Edinburghshire.

CAIRNSERY, lake near Poolewe, Ross-
shire.

CAIRNSMORE, seat in Minnigaff parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

CAIRNSMUIR, mountain, 2331 feet high,
with magnificent view, on mutual border
of Minnigaff and Kirkmabreck parishes,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

CAIRNSMUIR, mountain, 2612 feet high,
in Carsphairn parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

CAIRNTABLE, mountain, 1944 feet high,
on mutual border of Muirkirk parish, Ayr-
shire, and Douglas parish, Lanarkshire.

CAIRNTAGGART, mountain, about 3000
feet high, on mutual border of Crathie and
Glenmuick parishes, Aberdeenshire.

CAIRNTOUL, alpine mountain, 4241 feet
high, one of the Cairngorms, Aberdeenshire
and Inverness-shire.

CAIRNVAICKAN, mountain, 2442 feet
high, 3 miles south of Strathdon church,
Aberdeenshire.

CAIRNWILLIAM, mountain on mutual
border of Tough and Monymusk parishes,
Aberdeenshire.

CAIRSTON, place in Stromness parish,
Orkney. It gives name to a presbytery of
the Established Church.

CAISTEAL-ABHAIL, summit, 2735 feet
high, north-west of Goatfell, Arran Island,
Buteshire.

CAITESEAL, hill, 1250 feet high, ad-
jacent to Loch Seaforth, Lewis, Outer
Hebrides.

CAITHA, hamlet in Stow parish, Edin-
burghshire. It has a public school with
about 46 scholars.

CAITHNESS, county in extreme north-
east of mainland of Scotland. Its length
is 53 miles ; its greatest breadth 33 miles ;

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its coast-line 105 miles ; its circuit about
145 miles ; its area 712 square miles. The
coast, with exception of that of some
bays, is bold and rocky, and in some parts
cavernous. The landward border, com-
mencing with the Ord on south-east coast,
and terminating 12 miles west-south-west
of Thurso on north coast, is nearly all
upland, partly mountainous, partly hilly,
and attains on one summit an altitude of
2331 feet. The interior, with small excep-
tion, is tame low country, either flat or
but slightly undulated, and includes a
large proportion of deep bog and moorish
morass. The chief rivers are the Thurso,
the Wick, and the Berriedale ; but they
have little economical value except for
their fish. The lakes are very numerous,
but only 3 of them are each more than
1 mile long. Sandstone flag is a principal
rock, and is very extensively quarried and
exported. Agriculture, especially as viewed
under disadvantageous conditions of soil and
climate, is highly improved and skilful.
The fishing, curing, and exporting of her-
ring is a prominent industry. The chief
towns are "Wick and Thurso ; and the chief
villages are Castletown, Lybster, Halkirk,
Keiss, and Sarclet. Heal property in
1880-81, £133,922. Pop. in 1871, 39,992 ;
in 1881, 38,845.

CAITNISH, place, with series of cascades,
on river Orchy, in Glenorchy parish,
Argyleshire.

CAKEMUIR, old castle in Cranston par-
ish, Edinburghshire. An apartment in
it is called Queen Mary's room, and got
that name from having received her on
her flight from Borthwick Castle.

CALAIR, impetuous burn in Balquhidder
parish, Perthshire.

CALART, hill at eastern boundary of
Rothiemurchus parish, Inverness-shire.

CALASAND, bay on east side of Sanday
Island, Orkney.

CALDARVAN, seat in Kilmaronock parish,
Dumbartonshire.

C ALDER, district in extreme west of
Edinburghshire. It was early divided into
Calder-Comitis on the west, and Calder-
Clere on the east ; and the former section
was afterwards divided into Mid-Calder
and West-Calder.

C ALDER, seat of Lord Torphichen in
Mid-Calder parish, Edinburghshire.

CALDER, rivulet, running about 10 miles
north-eastward to the Clyde, at 5J miles
south-east of Glasgow. It is called Park
burn in its upper part, Calder in its middle
part, and Rotten Calder in its lower part.

CALDER, rivulet, running 7 miles east-
south-eastward to Castle Semple Loch, in
west of Renfrewshire.

CALDER, rivulet, entering left side of
the Spey, in Kingussie parish, Inverness-
shire.

CALDER, hamlet and lake in north-west
of Halkirk parish, Caithness. The hamlet
has a post office under Thurso, and a public
school with about 52 scholars. The lake is

about 2 miles long, and sends off a burn of
its own name to Thurso river.

CALDER, Lanarkshire. See Caddl:r.

CALDER, Nairnshire. See Cawdor.

CALDERBANK, town on North Calder
river, partly in Bothwell parish, but chiefly
in Old Monkland, Lanarkshire. It has a
post office under Airdrie, and an Established
church ; is adjacent to a rich mineral field ;
and was proposed near end of 1872 to be
reached by a branch railway. Pop. 1749.

CALDERBANK, seat in Blantyre parish,
Lanarkshire.

CALDERBRAES, suburb of Calderbank
town, Lanarkshire.

CALDERCRUIX, village with railway sta-
tion, 4|- miles east of Airdrie, Lanarkshire.
Pop. 306.

CALDER (EAST), village and parish on
west border of Edinburghshire. The village
stands near Mid-Calder railway station,
11 miles west-south- west of Edinburgh,
and has a ruined ancient parochial church , a
United Presbyterian church, and a public
school with about 174 scholars. Pop. 734.
— The parish was originally Calder-Clere
barony, and is now united to Kirknewton.

CALDERGROVE, seat in Cambuslang
parish, Lanarkshire.

CALDERHALL, seat in Kirknewton par-
ish, Edinburghshire.

CALDERHAUGH, place in Lochwinnoch
parish, Renfrewshire.

CALDERHEAD, registration district, dis-
joined in 1863 from Cambusnethan and
Shotts,Lanarkshire. It has an Established
church. Pop. 4158.

CALDER IRONWORKS, town on North
Calder river, comprising Calder Proper in
Old Monkland parish, and New Carnbroe in
Bothwell parish, Lanarkshire. Pop. 2180.

CALDER (MID), village and parish in
west of Edinburghshire. The village
stands on Almond river, 2£ miles west of
railway station of its own name, 10 miles
south-west of Edinburgh, and has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Edinburgh, a public
hall of 1880, Established, Free, and United
Presbyterian churches, and 2 public schools
with about 197 scholars. Pop. 657.— The
parish contains also the village of Bells -
quarry, extends south-eastward to water-
shed of Pentland Hills, and is 9 miles
long, but comparatively narrow. Acres,
12,294. Real property in 1880-81, £17,431.
Pop. 1695. The north-western section is
mostly level and fertile ; the south-eastern
section ascends to the summits of Cairn
Hills ; and the total surface is about one-
third arable and two - thirds pastoral.
The chief residence is Calder House ; and
chief antiquities are a Roman camp, ruins
of Cairns and Murieston Castles, and the
ancient towers and battlements of Lin-
house. Public schools are at Bellsquarry
and Causewayend.

CALDER (NORTH), small river, running
13 miles south-westward to the Clyde, at 5
miles south-east of Glasgow.

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69

CAL

CALDERS, cliff-screened small sea-inlet
in Wick parish, Caithness.

CALDERSIDE, place on the Calder, in
Blantyre parish, Lanarkshire.

CALDER (SOUTH), small river, running
about 11 miles south-westward to the
Clyde, at 1\ mile north of Hamilton. It
is crossed, near Motherwell, by a lofty
viaduct of Caledonian Railway.

CALDER (WEST), town and parish in
extreme west of Edinburghshire. The
town stands 15f miles south-west of Edin-
burgh ; was only a village with 434 inhabi-
tants in 1851 ; rose rapidly to the condition
of a great centre of industry ; flourishes in
connection with paraffin works, collieries,
and ironworks in an extensive tract around
it ; and has a head post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, a railway
station, a banking office, Established, Free,
United Presbyterian, and Eoman Catholic
churches, and a public school with about
254 scholars. Pop. 2291. — The parish
contains also Addiewell town and Gavie-
side, Mossend, and Cobinshaw villages.
Its length is nearly 9 miles ; its breadth from
1J to 9 miles ; its area 21,089 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £43,846. Pop. 7681.
The surface has a general elevation of
nearly 500 feet above sea-level, and rises
in the south-east to the watershed of
Pentlands. Bituminous minerals, lime-
stone, and ironstone are plentiful. The
chief residences are Hermand, Harburn,
and Limefield ; and the chief antiquities
are an old castle and remains of a Roman
camp. There are 8 schools for 1499
scholars, and one of them for 200 is new.

CALDERWOOD, seat of Sir William
Maxwell, Bart., in East Kilbride parish,
Lanarkshire.

CALDHAM, hamlet in Marykirk parish,
Kincardineshire.

CALDRON, cascade into dark cavern on
Lednock river, near Comrie, Perthshire.

CALDRON, series of cascades on the
Devon, near Crook of Devon, or meeting-
point of Perthshire and Kinross-shire.

CALDRONLEE, place, with limeworks,
in Kirkpatrick-Fleming parish, Dumfries-
shire.

CALDWELL, seat and railway station,
4| miles east of Beith, Ayrshire.

CALEDONIA, originally the mainland of
Ross-shire, and greater part of the main-
land' of Inverness-shire ; afterwards all
parts of the mainland of Scotland north of
the Forth and the Clyde ; subsequently all
the mainland of Britain north of the Tweed,
or the southern Tyne and the southern
Eden. Caledonia, in its ultimate or largest
form, was distributed among 21 tribes of
Britons or ancient Caledonians.

CALEDONIAN CANAL, line of inland
navigation from head of Moray Firth, near
Inverness, to middle of Loch Eil, near
Fort-William, Inverness-shire. It traverses
the Great Glen ; includes 22 miles of
artificial cut, and 38^ miles through Lochs
Dochfour, Ness, Oich, and Lochy ; has a

minimum depth of 17 feet, so as to serve
for sea-borne vessels; was begun to be
formed in 1803, but not completed till
1847 ; and cost, up to that date, more than
£1,256,000.

CALEDONIAN RAILWAY, extensive
ramified railway system throughout much
of Scotland into west side of English
border. It originally did no more than
connect a large portion of the southern
Lowlands of Scotland with the English
railways at Carlisle ; comprised only great
forks from Edinburgh and Glasgow to
Carstairs, branches from the Glasgow fork
to south side of Glasgow, Strathaven, and
the south border of Stirlingshire, and a
main trunk from Carstairs to Carlisle ;
and was completed to that extent in 1848 ;
but it now, by amalgamations, new lines,
new branches, and working connections,
extends from Aberdeen to Carlisle, from
Oban to Edinburgh, from Wemyss Bay to
Leith, from Lockerby to Portpatrick,— has
connections with all the other Scottish
railway systems, the North British, the
Glasgow and South- Western, the Highland,
and the Great North of Scotland, — and thus
gives conveyance from every existing rail-
way point in Scotland into communication
with the English railways at Carlisle. Its
paid-up capital in 1879-80 was £27,370,193
in stock and share capital, £13,039,680 in
ordinary capital, and £6,954,976 in loans
and debenture stock.

CALF, islet near north-eastern extremity
of Eday Island, Orkney.

CALF, ARGYLESHIRE. See Calve.

CALFA, islet near Tyree Island, Argyle-
shire.

CALF SOUND, sea-belt, with harbour,
between Calf islet and Eday, Orkney. A
hamlet of its own name, with an inn, is on
its Eday side.

CALGARRY, seat and small bay on
north-west coast of Mull Island, Argyle-
shire.

CALLADER, lake, 5 miles south-south-
east of Castleto wn-Braemar, Aberdeenshire.

CALLANDER, town and parish in south-
west of Perthshire. The town stands on
river Teith, 16^ miles north-west of Stir-
ling ; has environs overhung or horizoned
by very striking Highland scenery; is a
tourists' centre, and a summer retreat of
very high attraction ; comprises well-built,
regular, cleanly streets ; includes a noble
villa on ground believed to have been
occupied by a Roman camp ; includes also
vestiges of an ancient seat of the Earls of
Linlithgow and Callander ; and has a post
office with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Perthshire, a
railway station, 2 banking offices, 3 hotels,
public halls of 1878, waterworks of 1872, Es-
tablished, Free, and Episcopalian churches,
and a public school. Pop. 1522. — The
parish measures about 19 miles in length,
and 5 miles in greatest breadth. Acres,
51,186. Real property in 1880 - 81,
£19,039. Pop., quoad civilia, 2167 ; quoad

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CAM

sacra, 1940. The vale of Teith, upward
from the town, overhung on the west by
Benledi, bounded on the north by Crag of
Callander and hills of Leny, and all within
the eastern section of the parish, is the
chief seat of population. The Crag of
Callander is a bold stupendous rock, with
aspects strikingly contrasted to that of the
vale. A line along the southern border,
past Lochs Vennachoir and Achray, through
the Trossachs, to upper part of Loch
Katrine, teems with the scenery of Sir
Walter Scott's Lady of the Lake ; so also
does a line from the Teith's vale up the
side of Loch Lubnaig to the northern
boundary. Most other parts, and likewise
some screens of these lines, are mountainous
and heathy. There are 3 schools for
304 scholars, and one of them for 150 is
new.

CALLANDER, seat near Falkirk, Stirling-
shire. It is partly ancient, it belonged to
the Earls of Linlithgow, it was frequently
visited by Queen Mary, and it suffered
storm and capture by Cromwell.

CALLANDER AND OBAN RAILWAY,
railway 70f miles long, first northward
then curvingly westward from Callander
in Perthshire to Oban in Argyleshire. It
was authorized in 1865, terminated for
some time at Tyndrum, and was opened
from Tyndrum to Dalmally in 1877, and
from Dalmally to Oban in 1880. It
curves from Callander into Pass of Leny,
goes northward past Lochearnhead and
through Glenogle to vicinity of Killin,
curves there rapidly to the west, goes up
Glendochart and Strathfillan to Tyndrum,
descends past the north-west skirt of Ben-
loy to Dalmally, crosses Loch Awe a little
to the east of Kilchurn Castle, sweeps
thence round to the Pass of Brandir, has
a station adjacent to new hotel about 4
miles from Dalmally, proceeds down the
gorge of the Awe and along the south side
of Loch Etive, and terminates contiguously
to sea-walls and other works at Oban, com-
pleted in 1881. It belongs, by arrange-
ment, to the Caledonian system.

CALLENDS, seat, hill, and burn, in New-
lands parish, Peeblesshire.

CALLERNISH, tract, with village and
great group of Caledonian standing stones,
in Uig parish, Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

CALLIEVAR, hill, 1747 feet high, 4 miles
west of Alford, Aberdeenshire.

CALLIGRAY. See Killigray.

CALLIOCH, headland, with very grand
view, at north-western extremity of Mull
Island, Argyleshire.

CALLOW, seat, a little north of Tighna-
bruaich, Argyleshire.

CALLUMS, wooded hill in Crieff parish,
Perthshire.

CALLY, seat near Gatehouse, Kirkcud-
brightshire.

CALLY (BRIDGE OF). See Bridge of
Cally.

CALLY (STRONE OF), place in Ben-
dochy parish, Perthshire.

CALNADULACH, village in Muckairn
parish, Argyleshire.

CALROSSIE, seat in Logie-Easter parish,
Boss-shire.

CALTON, eastern suburb of Edinburgh.
It once formed part of Restalrig barony,
was annexed to Edinburgh in 1725, ranked
for a time as a separate bailiary, and was
eventually incorporated with the burgh of
Edinburgh. Its streets and lanes were
always few ; they have suffered decrease
of importance in result of modern city
improvement ; they lie on the skirts or
at the base of the southern and western
sides of Calton Hill ; and they are desig-
nated in two divisions as High Calton and
Low Calton. Their south side is a narrow
vale, dividing them from Canongate ; their
south-west corner is a gorge, spanned by
Regent bridge, and dividing them from
the New Town ; and their side thence
north-eastward is a ravine curving from
the gorge and merging in the plain toward
Leith. Calton Hill, the main feature of
the suburb, and now an ornate as well as
very prominent feature of the city, mea-
sures about 5 furlongs by 3, rises to an
altitude of 344 feet above sea-level, is
largely occupied by elegant terraced streets
and ornamental public structures, and
commands one of the richest panoramic
views in Europe.

CALTON, suburb, parish, and registra-
tion district, in east of Glasgow. The
suburb adjoins the eastern part of Glasgow
Green; lies bet ween Gallowgate and Bridge-
ton, and extends eastward to the city's
outskirts ; includes numerous streets in
various alignment ; is largely occupied by
factories, and by working-men's dwelling-
houses ; presents, on the whole, a bustling
and dingy appearance ; and contains 6
Established churches, 4 Free churches, 4
United Presbyterian, and 6 of other deno-
minations. The parish lies wholly within
Glasgow parliamentary burgh. Pop. 39,590.
Pop. of registration district, 37,448.

CALVA, sea-loch in Edderachyllis parish,
Sutherland.

CALVE, islet at mouth of Tobermory
harbour, Mull Island, Argyleshire.

CAL VINE, place in Blair- Athole parish,
with post office under Blair- Athole, Perth-
shire.

CAMA, lake in Assynt parish, Suther-
land.

CAMBIE, streamlet, entering the Leven,
in Leslie parish, Fife.

CAMBO, seat of Sir Thomas Erskine,
Bart., in Kingsbarns parish, Fife.

CAMBUS, village on the Forth, 2
miles west of Alloa, Clackmannanshire.
It has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, under Stirling ; a
railway station, a small harbour, and a
large distillery.

CAMBUSBARRON, town, 1J mile south-
west of Stirling. It has a post office under
Stirling, a mission church projected in
1876, a Free church, a public school with

CAM

7

1

CAM

about 161 scholars, and a large woollen
factory. Pop. 1135.

CAMBUSCROSS, place near Isle Oronsay,
Isle of Skye.

CAMBUSCURRY, hill in Eddertoun par-
ish, Ross-shire.

CAMBUSDOON, seat near Ayr, Ayrshire.

CAMBUSKENNETH, abbey and village on
the Forth, about a mile east of Stirling. The
abbey was founded in 1147 by David I. ;
figured conjointly with Stirling Castle in
some great public affairs ; was the burial
place of James in. and his queen ; is now re-
presented chiefly by a massive early-pointed
tower, 70 feet high ; and contains a me-
morial tomb of 1865 of James in. and his
queen. Pop. of the village, 217.

CAMBU SLANG, town and parish in
north of Lanarkshire. The town stands
about \ mile from the Clyde, 4 miles
south-east of Glasgow ; consists of eight
sections, or villages, on the banks of a
picturesque burn ; is near a natural amphi-
theatre, used in 1742 as a place of worship,
and then the scene of a religious revival
known as ' the Cambuslang wark ; ' and
has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, under Glasgow ;
a railway station, Established, Free, United
Presbyterian, and Congregational churches ;
and 2 public schools with about 304 scholars.
Pop. 5538. — The parish excludes a small part
of the town, but includes Silverbank, New-
ton-Colliery, and Ridley wood villages. Its
length is 4f miles ; its greatest breadth 3£
miles ; its area 5160 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £56,565. Pop. 9447. The
surface includes a hill -ridge, with the
summits of Dechmont and Turnlaw ; de-
clines thence in a fine series of swells and
undulations ; and terminates in low, flat
lands on the Clyde. Coal abounds, and is
largely worked ; ironstone also is plentiful.
Chief seats are Gilbertfield, Newton, and
Caldergrove ; and chief antiquities are
traces of ancient buildings on Dechmont,
and a circular mound on which stood
Drumsarguard Castle. There are 5 schools
for 1017 scholars, and 2 of them and an
enlargement for 680 are new.

CAMBUSMICHAEL, old parish, now
united to St. Martin's, Perthshire.

CAMBUSMORE, seat on the Teith, about
2 miles south-east of Callander, Perth-
shire.

CAMBUSNAGLASS, small bay on west
side of upper part of Loch Lomond, Dum-
bartonshire.

CAMBUSNETHAN, town and parish in
middle ward of Lanarkshire. The town
stands f mile east of Wishaw, and has an
Established church, a Free church, and a
public school with about 309 scholars.
Pop. 1829. — The parish contains also the
towns of Wishaw, Newmains, and Over-
town, the villages of Stane, Morningside,
Chapel, Clydesdale Rows, Waterloo,
Bonkle, and Stewarton, and part of
Shotts Ironworks. Its length is 9f miles ;
its greatest breadth 3^ miles ; its area

16,608 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£91,037. Pop., quoad civilia, 20,823 ; quoad
sacra, 4548. The Clyde bounds the
western end; the South Calder bounds
most of the north - eastern side ; the
Garrion burn, along a deep ravine, bounds
the lower part of the south-eastern side ;
and head-streams of Briech water, running
into Linlithgowshire, drain the eastern
end. The lands adjacent to the Clyde are
low, level, fertile haugh ; those in the
middle parts are variegated plateau,
mostly with good argillaceous soil ; and
those in the east are principally moorish,
and rise to a maximum height of about
900 feet. Excellent coal, ironstone, and
sandstone abound, and are extensively
worked. Ironworks, tileworks, a large
distillery, and textile manufacture employ
very many hands. The chief seats are
Cambusnethan House, Wishaw House,
Coltness, Allanton, and Muirhouse. Es-
tablished churches are at Overtown and
Newmains, a United Presbyterian church
is at Bonkle, and churches of six de-
nominations are at Wishaw. There are
10 schools for 3751 scholars, and 3 of
them and an enlargement for 1320 are new.

CAMBUS (OLD). See Aldcambus.

CAMBUS O'MAY, railway station be-
tween Dinnet and Ballater, Aberdeen-
shire.

CAMBUSTANE, hill, surmounted by
monument 105 feet high, in Monikie
parish, Forfarshire.

CAMBUS-VIC-HUSTAN, small safe har-
bour in Assynt parish, Sutherland.

CAMBUS-VIC-KER-CHIR, partially well-
sheltered harbour in Assynt parish,
Sutherland.

CAMBUSVRACKAN, place, with public
school, in Glenlyon, Perthshire.

CAMBUS -WALLACE, place, lmile north-
west of Doune, Perthshire.

CAMBUS - WALLACE, seat in Biggar
parish, Lanarkshire.

CAMELON, town on Forth and Clyde
Canal, about a mile west of Falkirk,
Stirlingshire. It has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
under Falkirk, and a quoad sacra parish
church. Pop. of the town, 2014; of the
quoad sacra parish, 2795.

CAMELON (OLD), spot on Carron river,
near Camelon, Stirlingshire. A Roman
town, with harbour, stood here, and
communicated by iter from Antoninus'
Wall with the country north of the Forth.

CAMERON, parish, with church, 2,\ miles
south-south-west of St. Andrews, Fife.
Post town, St. Andrews. Length and
extreme breadth, each 41 miles ; area,
9325 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£11,857. Pop., quoad civilia, 1003; quoad
sacra, 768. The surface presents an
undulating appearance, but includes
Drumcarro Hill. Coal, limestone, and sand-
stone are plentiful. The chief seat is
Mount Melville. A United Presbyterian
church is at Lathones, and public schools

CAM

72

CAM

are near the parochial church, and at
Radernie and Denhead.

CAMERON, seat on west side, near foot
of Loch Lomond, Dumbartonshire.

CAMERON BRIDGE, hamlet, 1| mile
south of Edinburgh.

CAMERON BRIDGE, village on Leven
river, 2 miles west of Leven, Fife. It has
a railway station and a large distillery.

CAMILLA, lake in Auchtertool parish,
Fife.

CAMISENDUN, bay, with prime anchor-
age, in Loch Eriboll, Durness parish,
Sutherland.

CAMLACHIE, suburb, mile east of
cross of Glasgow. It connects the City
proper v/ith Parkhead suburb, is inhabited
chiefly by operatives, presents a dingy
unpleasant appearance, has an Established
church and a Free church, and gives name
to a registration district. Pop. of the
district, 37,933.

CAMMACHMORE, estate in Fetteresso
parish, Kincardineshire.

CAMMUSMORE, bay in Kilmuir parish,
Isle of Skye.

CAMP, castles in Craigie parish, Ayr-
shire ; in Roberton parish, Roxburghshire ;
in Aberlemno parish, Forfarshire ; and on
Turin Hill, in Rescobie parish, Forfarshire.

CAMP, hills in Dairy parish, Ayrshire ;
in Yetholm parish, Roxburghshire ; in
Cathcart parish, Renfrewshire ; and in
Lumphanan parish, Aberdeenshire.

CAMPBELL (CASTLE). See Castle
Campbell.

CAMPBELTON, town and parish in
Kintyre district, Argyleshire. The town
stands at head of sea-loch of its own name,
12 miles in direct line north-east of Mull
of Kintyre, and 35 by water west-south-
west of Ayr ; was the original capital of
Dalriada, and was then called Dalruadh-
ain ; lost some importance by removal of
the royal court to Dunstaffnage ; became
the centre of the extensive missionary
operations of St. Kiaran ; shared after-
wards the prosperity attending the rise of
the Macdonalds, Lords of the Isles ; was
either renovated or rebuilt by them, and
acquired then a strong castle called Kin-
loch-Kerran ; gave such trouble to James
v. in his contests with the Macdonalds as
induced him to make a grant of it, and of
the surrounding country, to the family of
Argyle ; and in course of time was greatly
improved under their administration, and
changed its old name for that of Camp-
belton. Its sea-loch is about 2 miles long
and about 1 mile broad, is a singularly
excellent natural harbour, and has good
piers and prime anchorage. The town
curves round the head of the loch in the
manner of a crescent ; presents, with its
outskirts, a very pleasant appearance ;
possesses, in centre of its main street,
a highly interesting sculptured ancient
granite cross ; ranks as a royal and par-
liamentary burgh, uniting with Ayr,
Irvine, Inverary, and Oban in sending a

member to Parliament ; is a head port and
the head station of one of the twenty-five
fishery districts of Scotland ; has a head
post office with all departments, 3 bank-
ing offices, 2 hotels, 2 Established churches,
Free, United Presbyterian, Episcopa-
lian, and Roman Catholic churches, 4
public schools, acquired subsequent to
1876, new waterworks, and extended
harbour works ; publishes 2 weekly news-
papers ; and carries on a vast trade in the
distilling and exporting of whisky. The
shipping of the port in 1879 amounted to
918 British vessels of 87,165 tons, and 15
foreign vessels of 2014 tons, inward ; and
909 British vessels of 86,206 tons, and 15
foreign vessels of 2013 tons, outward.
Real property of the burgh in 1880-81,
£27,339. Pop. 7558.— The parish contains
also the villages of Dalintober and Drum-
lemble, and comprehends the four old par-
ishes of Kilkerran, Kilkivan, Kilchusland,
and Kilmichael. Its length is 12^ miles ;
its greatest breadth 6 miles ; its area
44,220 acres. Real property of landward
part in 1880-81, £29,866. Pop. 9620.
The limits include Devaar islet across the
mouth of Campbelton loch ; include also
Ardnacross, small bay 6 miles to the
north ; and extend westward to the Atlan-
tic. A plain, about 4 miles long and 3
miles broad, and not higher than 40 feet
above sea-level, extends westward from
the town to head of Machirhanish bay ;
and hill tracts rise from the sides of that
plain to the northern and the southern
boundaries, and attain elevations of from
800 to about 1154 feet. Coal and por-
phyry have been worked. Plantations
are on the estates of Kildalloig, Knock-
rioch, Drummore, Oatfield, Ascomil, and
Limecraigs. There are 10 schools for
1600 scholars, and 2 of them and 2 en-
largements for 810 are new.

CAMPBELTON, coast village, 1J mile
south-east of Fort-George, Inverness-shire.
It has a chalybeate spring, a hotel, and
a United Presbyterian church. Pop.
668.

CAMPERDOWN, railway station, and
seat of the Earl of Camperdown, 5 j miles
north-west of Dundee.

CAMPFIELD, hamlet in Kincardine
O'Neil parish, Aberdeenshire. It has a
post office under Aberdeen, and a public
school with about 80 scholars.

CAMPHILL, village, seat, and wooded
height, in Cathcart parish, Renfrewshire.
The village is a recently erected suburb of
Glasgow, and has an elegant United Pres-
byterian church. The height has vestiges
of a Roman camp, and commands a very
fine view.

CAMP-KNOW, conical hillock, anciently
surrounded by a ditch, in Blantyre parish,
Lanarkshire.

CAMPLE, rivulet, running about 8 miles
to the Nith, near Thornhill, Dumfries-
shire.

CAMPMUIR, hamlet near vestiges of

CAM

73

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ancient camp, in Kettins parish, Forfar-
shire.

CAMPMUIR, place, with traces of ancient
camp, in Langton parish, Berwickshire.

CAMPS, affluent of the Clyde, at Craw-
ford village, Lanarkshire.

CAMPSAILE, bay, with prime anchor-
age, on south-west side of Gareloch,
miles west of Helensburgh, Dumbarton-
shire.

CAMPSIE, village and parish on south
border of Stirlingshire. The village stands
at mouth of Kirkton Glen, mile north-
west of Lennoxtown ; bears the name of
Clachan of Campsie ; and has a public
school with about 62 scholars, and
remains of the old parochial church.
— The parish contains also the town of
Lennoxtown, and the villages of Haughead,
Milton, Torrance, Balgrochan, Craighead,
Antermony, and Birdston. Its length is
about 7 miles ; its greatest breadth about
5 miles ; its area 17,872 acres. Beal pro-
perty in 1880-81, £30,820. Pop. 5873.
The southern district is bounded by the
river Kelvin, includes part of the great
strath traversed by Forth and Clyde Canal,
has much breadth in the east but contracts
toward the west, and is all an undulating
plain. The western district, immediately
north of narrow part of that plain, is a
hill-range called the South Brae, with
extreme altitude of about 700 feet above
sea-level. The northern district is all a
part of the Lennox Hills, bears the name
of Campsie Fells, culminates at an alti-
tude of 1894 feet above sea-level, and com-
prises glens, ravines, and crags of strikingly
picturesque character, including miniature
resemblances to the Trossachs, and forming
a popular holiday resort. Coal, limestone,
and aluminous minerals abound, and are
extensively worked ; and many kinds of
industry are skilfully carried on. The
chief seats are Lennox Castle, Craigbarnet,
Bancleroche, Kincaid, Antermony, Glorat,
and Auchinreoch ; and chief antiquities
are traces of two ancient Caledonian forts.
Established, Free, United Presbyterian,
and Boman Catholic churches are in
Lennoxtown. There are 7 schools for
1166 scholars, and 2 of the schools and 2
enlargements for 555 are new.

CAMPSIE FELLS, section of Lennox
Hills, within Campsie parish, Stirlingshire.
But the name is sometimes given to a
wider section of these hills, and sometimes
to the entire range.

CAMPSIE GLEN, railway station near
Campsie village, Stirlingshire.

CAMPSIE LINN, cataract on the Tay, a
short distance north of Stanley, Perth-
shire. It figures in Sir Walter Scott's
Fair Maid of Perth.

CAMPSTER, place in south-west of Wick
parish, Caithness.

CAMPTOWN, place near vestiges of
ancient camp in Jedburgh parish, Box-
burghshire. It has a post office under
Jedburgh.

CAMSERNY, stream, with cascade, in
Dull parish, Perthshire.

CAMSTRADDEN, bay and residence on
Loch Lomond, in Luss parish, Dumbarton-
shire.

CAMUS-ESKAN, seat near Helensburgh,
Dumbartonshire.

CANAAN, handsome modern suburb,
between Bruntsfield Links and Morning-
side, on south side of Edinburgh.

CANDACRAIG, seat in Strathdon parish,
Aberdeenshire.

CANDAR, rivulet entering the Avon at
1^ mile south-east of Stonehouse, Lanark-
shire.

CANDICK, headland at south-east ex-
tremity of Walls, Orkney. A lighthouse
is on it, with revolving light visible at the
distance of 15 nautical miles.

CANDIDA CASA. See Whithorn.

CANDLESTICK, cavern in Duirinish par-
ish, Isle of Skye.

CANDREN, medicinal spring, 1\ miles
east of Paisley, Benfrewshire.

CANDY, burn entering Biggar river at
boundary between Lanarkshire and Peebles-
shire.

CANISBAY, parish in north-east corner
of Caithness. It has a post office of its
own name under Wick ; contains Houna
and Mey hamlets, John o' Groat's House,
and Duncansby, Freswick, and Gills town-
ships ; forms the north-eastern extremity
of mainland of Scotland; and includes
Stroma Island in Pentland Firth. It
measures, on the mainland, 8 miles of
eastern coast, 11 miles of northern coast,
and 12f miles of inland boundary. Beal
property in 1880-81, £5902. Pop., quoad
civilia, 2626; quoad sacra, 2373. The
eastern coast has a sandy beach at Fres-
wick Bay, but is elsewhere bold and
precipitous, and terminates in the grand
circular promontory of Duncansby Head ;
the north coast is more level, yet has
pieces of considerably high rock, and
includes Mey Head ; and the interior is
remarkably level, and rises nowhere higher
than about 300 feet on Ward or Watch
Hill. The residences are Barrogill Castle,
the seat of the Earl of Caithness, West
Canisbay House, and the relinquished
mansions of Brabster and Freswick; and
the chief antiquities are ruins of Bucholie
Castle, and remains or traces of ancient
churches. The present churches are
Established and Free ; and there are 7
schools for 502 scholars.

CANISP, lofty mountain in Assynt par-
ish, Sutherland.

CANNA, island, 7>\ miles north-west of
Bum, and 12 miles south-west of nearest
point of Skye, Inner Hebrides. Sanda
Island is nearly contiguous to it on the
east, and some stacks and skerries are
adjacent. It and they form a group 4|
miles long and 2 miles broad ; consist of
eruptive rocks from 100 to 800 feet high ;
and exhibit striking features of cliff,
natural tower, and basaltic terrace.

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Canna has a post office under Greenock.
Pop. 48.

CANNACHY BRIDGE, place on the
North Esk, in Edzell parish, Forfarshire.

CANNICH, small river, running about
14 miles north-eastward and eastward into
confluence with the Affrick to form the
Glass in north-west of Inverness-shire. A
hamlet of its own name is on it in Kil-
morack parish, and has a public school
with about 34 scholars.

CANNISBURN, hamlet in New Kil-
patrick parish, Dumbartonshire.

CANNOR, lake in Glenmuick parish,
Aberdeenshire. An islet in it was formerly
crowned with a fortified hunting-seat of
Malcolm Canmore.

CANNY, burn entering left side of the
Dee, in Banchory-Ternan parish, Kincar-
dineshire.

CANONBIE, village and parish on east
border of Dumfriesshire. The village
stands on the river Esk, 6 miles south-by-
east of Langholm, and has a post office with
money order and telegraph departments, de-
signated of Dumfriesshire, a railway station,
an Established church, a Free church, and
a public school with about 218 scholars. —
The parish contains also the villages of Bow-
anburn and Forgebraehead, and is 9 miles
long and miles broad. Acres, 24,142.
Eeal property in 1880-81, £14,123. Pop.
2723. The central tract, along the Esk, is
flat ; the tracts thence, east and west, are
diversified by ridges ; and the tract in the
north-east is hilly. Coal, limestone, and
sandstone abound, and are largely worked.
The chief residences are Woodhouselees,
Forge, Marsh House, Crookholm, and
Woodslee ; and the chief antiquities are
remains of a Roman station, vestiges of an
ancient priory, the walls of Hollows and
Harelaw towers, famous in the history
of Border raids, and sites of 5 other
mediaeval Border towers. There are 5
schools for 606 scholars, and 2 of them and
an enlargement for 170 are new.

CANONGATE, suburb and parish at east
end of Edinburgh. The suburb originated
in the erection of Holyrood Abbey ; it was
largely occupied first by retainers of the
Abbey, next by retainers of the royal
court ; it then possessed much splendour,
and contained many noble mansions ; it
suffered great devastation by the English
in 1544, underwent grand reconstruction,
and continued to be much inhabited by
the nobility till the National Union ; and
it then began to be occupied mainly by
the operative classes, and thenceforth
declined rapidly into a condition of poverty
and squalor. It was long so divided from
Edinburgh by an open tract as to be a
separate town, but it eventually grew into
strict contiguity with all the eastern end
of the Old City ; it now, in its main street,
or Canongate proper, extends from the
palace yard of Holyrood to the foot of
Netherbow, and measures in that line
about 650 yards ; it is winged, on both

sides of its main street, with numerous
narrow alleys or closes ; it has there also,
in the same length and direction as the
closes, 5 modern or renovated streets ;
and it likewise includes the two flanking
thoroughfares of North Back and South
Back, and the salient thoroughfares of
Watergate, Abbeyhill, St. John's Hill,
and Pleasance. Its most noticeable build-
ings are several quondam noble mansions
now in a state of utter decadence, — Queens-
berry House, quondam mansion of the
Dukes of Queensberry, now the House of
Eefuge for the Destitute ; Moray House,
quondam mansion of the Earls of Moray,
now the Normal School of the Free
Church ; the Tolbooth, a curious edifice of
1591 ; 3 Established churches, 4 Free
churches, a United Presbyterian church,
an Episcopalian church ; a public school of
1878, erected at a cost of about £7400 ; and
Queensberry Lodge, a genteel female
reformatory erected in 1866. The parish
includes also Holyrood and Arthur's Seat.
Eeal property in 1880-81 of landward
part, £364. Pop. of the whole, 9908.

CANONGATE (NEW), quoad sacra parish
in Canongate, Edinburgh.

CANONMILLS, small old suburb on
Water of Leith, contiguous to northern
outskirts of New Town of Edinburgh. It
originated in the erection of corn mills for
the vassals of the canons of Holyrood ; it
was then, and continued till modern times,
about a mile from the city ; and it now
presents a mixture of old features, par-
ticularly large flour mills, with modern
buildings. A public school for it and
adjacent places was completed in 1880 at
a cost of less than £7000, and has accom-
modation for about 800 scholars.

CANT, hill in Shotts parish, Lanarkshire.

CANTICK. See Candick.

CANTLAY, hill with large cairn in
Fetteresso parish, Kincardineshire.

CANTRAY, seat on river Nairn, in Croy
parish, Inverness-shire.

CANTSDAM, public school, with about
274 scholars, in Beath parish, Fife.

CANTY, bay, 3 miles east of North Ber-
wick, Haddingtonshire.

CANTYRE. See Kintyre.

CAOL, sea-loch in Kilfinichen parish,
Mull Island, Argyleshire.

CAOLISPORT. See Killisport.

CAOLVALLOCH, hamlet in Weem par-
ish, Perthshire.

CAPEHOPE, streamlet and vale in
Hounam parish, Eoxburghshire.

CAPEL, mountain at head of Glenesk,
Forfarshire.

CAPELAW, one of the Pentland Hills,
in Colinton parish, Edinburghshire.

CAPEL FELL, mountain adjacent to
source of Ettrick river, on south-west
verge of Selkirkshire.

CAPELRIG, seat in north of Mearns
parish. Eenfrewshire.

CAPENOCH, seat and hill in Keir parish »
Dumfriesshire.

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CAPE WRATH, massive, bold, pyramidal
headland, about 300 feet high, at north-
western extremity of mainland of Scotland.
A lighthouse is on it, erected in 1828 at a
cost of £14,000, and shows a revolving
light visible at the distance of 25 nautical
miles.

CAPPLA, headstream of the Ae, Dum-
friesshire.

CAPRINGTON, castellated seat about a
mile west of Riccarton, Ayrshire.

CAPUTH, village in Perthshire, and par-
ish partly also in Forfarshire. The village
stands on the Tay, 5 miles south-east of
Dunkeld, and contains the parochial
church. — The parish contains also the
post office villages of Meikleour and
Spittalfield, the villages of Craigie, Fun-
garth, and Kincairnie, and part of the
post town of Dunkeld ; and consists of a
main body and 9 detached districts in
Perthshire, and 3 detached districts in
Forfarshire. The main body lies wholly
in Stormont, and measures about 13 miles
in length, and from 2 to 7 miles in breadth.
The Perthshire detached districts are Bal-
holmie, within Cargill ; Gormack, within
Kinloch ; Craigtown, within Kirkmichael ;
South Bandirran, within Collace; and Logie,
Cairns, Chapelton, Meadows, and Crofty,
within Clunie ; and the Forfarshire de-
tached districts are Balbeuchly, within
Auchterhouse ; Broughty Castle, near
Dundee ; and Fofarty, within Kinnettles.
Acres in Perthshire, 18,922; in Forfar-
shire, 567. Real . property in 1880-81
of the Perthshire parts, £19,722. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 2096 ; quoad sacra, all in
Perthshire, 2031. The main body com-
prises the greater part of the rich
champaign of Stormont, and includes
picturesque uplands to the north and the
north-west. Roofing slate is worked, and
limestone abounds. The chief seats are
Delvine, Meikleour, Glendelvine, Snaigow,
Stenton, Kincairney, and Hillhead ; and
the chief antiquities are cairns, Caledonian
stone circles, Pictish forts, and Roman
camps. There are 6 schools with accom-
modation for 318 scholars.

CARA, island about a mile south of
Gigha, Argyleshire. Its circuit is about 3
miles ; and its south end, called the Mull
of Cara, is a mural rock 117 feet high,
pierced with a large cave. Pop. 4.

CARALDSTON, or CARESTON, parish,
averagely 4^ miles west of Brechin, For-
farshire. It has a post office under
Brechin. Acres, 2085. Real property in
1880-81, £2697. Pop. 194. The land
lies around the confluence of the South
Esk and the Noran, and has a deep,
fertile soil. Caraldston or Careston
Castle, an edifice chiefly of early part of
15th century, is a seat of the Earl of
Fife. The public school has about 55
scholars.

CARBERRY, hill and old baronial man-
sion, 2 miles south-east of Musselburgh,
Edinburghshire. The hill was the place

of Queen Mary's surrender in 1567 ; and
the mansion is the seat of Lord Elphin-
stone.

CARBERRY, farm, with supposed site of
Roman station, in Dysart parish, Fife.

CARBETH, seat in Killearn parish,
Stirlingshire.

CARBETH - GUTHRIE, seat in Strath-
blane parish, Stirlingshire.

CARBOST, place on Loch Harport, Isle
of Skye. It has a post office, with money
order department, under Broadford, and a
distillery.

CARBROOK, seat in Dunipace parish,
Stirlingshire.

CARBUDDO, or KIRKBUDDO, southern
section of Guthrie parish, Forfarshire.

CARBY, isolated hill, 2 miles south of
Newcastleton, Roxburghshire. It has a
circular camp with 8 concentric walls,
and it commands an extensive panoramic
view.

CARDEN, mountain, 2218 feet high, in
Kilbucho section of Broughton parish,
Peeblesshire.

CARDENDEN, village and glen in south
of Auchterderran parish, Fife. The village
stands 9f miles east-north-east of Dun-
fermline, and has a railway station. Pop.
147. The glen is in the basin of Ore
river, and is wide, unwooded, and fertile,
and has rich substrata of coal.

CARDERROCH, part of Cadder estate,
in Cadder parish, Lanarkshire.

CARDONALD, estate, with railway sta-
tion and with site of picturesque old
castle, 3 miles east of Paisley, Renfrew-
shire.

CARDONALD MILLS, village in vicinity
of Cardonald station, Renfrewshire.

CARDONESS, seat of Sir William Max-
well, Bart., in Anwoth parish, Kirkcud-
brightshire. Cardoness Castle, a tall
ancient tower, is in its vicinity.

CARDOWAN, place, with Roman Catholic
chapel, near Stepps railway station, Lan-
arkshire.

CARDRONA, seat and railway station on
the Tweed, 3j miles east-south-east of
Peebles.

CARDROSS, village and parish on north
side of the Clyde in Dumbartonshire. The
village stands 3 miles west-north -west of
Dumbarton, and has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
designated of Dumbartonshire, a railway
station, a drill hall, an Established church,
a Free church, and a public school with about
150 scholars. Pop. 521. The parish contains
also Renton town and part of Dumbarton,
and is 7f miles long and 2J miles broad.
Acres, 8264. Real property in 1880-81,
£27,189. Pop. , quoad civilia, 9365 ; quoad
sacra, 1342. The surface includes the fine
wooded promontory of Ardmore, rises gradu-
ally from the Clyde and the Leven, and is
bordered by a hill -ridge with extreme
altitude of 943 feet. The seats -are Ard-
more, Keppoch, Bloomhill, and Camus-
Eskan; and a spot of great antiquarian

CAR

76

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interest is the site of the castle in which
King Robert Bruce died. There are public
schools for 694 scholars, and enlargements
of them for 460 are new.

CARDROSS, seat in Port-of-Menteith
parish, Perthshire.

CARDRYNE, place in Kirkmaiden par-
ish, Wigtonshire. It has a public school
with about 88 scholars.

CARESTON. See Caraldston.

CARFIN, town and mansion on South
Calder river, near Cleland, Lanarkshire.
The town carries on much trade in connec-
tion with rich surrounding mineral field, and
has a post office under Motherwell, and a rail-
way station. Pop., with Cleekhimin, 1428.

CARFRAE, farm, with site of ancient,
large, circular fortification, in Garvald
parish, Haddingtonshire.

CARFRAE MILL, place, 5| miles north-
north-west of Lauder, Berwickshire.

CARGEN, rivulet, running about 8 miles
eastward to the Nith, in north-east of
Kirkcudbrightshire. It enters the Nith
at 3 J miles south of Dumfries ; and the
seats of Cargen and Cargenholm are on it
near its mouth.

CARGILL, village and parish on eastern
border of Perthshire. The village stands
near the Tay, j mile south-west of influx
of the Isla, and 11^ miles north-north-east
of Perth ; and has a railway station, a
parochial church, and a Free church. — The
parish contains also the post office village
of Burrelton, and the villages of Woodside
and Wolfhill, and measures about 6J miles
by 3. Acres, 9495. Real property in
1880-81, £12,997. Pop. 1348. The
surface rises gradually for about a mile
from the Tay, extends from rolling plain
to Sidlaw Hills, and exhibits a charming
appearance. Chief objects of interest are
the quondam noble mansion of Stobhall,the
ruins of an ancient dependency of Coupar
Abbey, and vestiges of a Roman station.
There are 2 public schools for 276 scholars,
and an enlargement of one of them for
143 is new.

CARINGTON. See Carrington.

CARINISH, village on east side of North
Uist Island, Outer Hebrides. It has a post
office under Lochmaddy, an Established
church, served by a minister on the Royal
Bounty, and a Free church. Pop. 228.

CARITY, rivulet, running about 9 miles
eastward to the South Esk, at 3 miles
north-north-east of Kirriemuir, Forfar-
shire.

CARLAVEROCK. See Caerlaverock.
CARLEBAR, seat near Barrhead, Ren-
frewshire.

CARLETON, bay, hill, and ruined old
fortalice, in Colmonell parish, Ayrshire.

CARLINTOOTH, mountain, 1801 feet
high, on mutual border of Southdean and
Castleton parishes, Roxburghshire.

CARLINWARK, lake and seat adjacent
to Castle-Douglas, Kirkcudbrightshire.

CARLOGIE, seat in Aboyne parish, Aber-
deenshire.

CARLONAN, cascade on Aray rivulet,
near Inverary, Argyleshire.

CARLOPS, village, 14 miles south of
Edinburgh. It has a Free church.

CARLOWAY, village in Lochs parish,
Lewis, Outer Hebrides. It has a post
office under Stornoway, and a Free church.
Pop. 316.

CARLOWS, cascade on the Tweed, in
Tweedsmuir parish, Peeblesshire.

CARLTON, hill in Glasserton parish,
"Wigtonshire.

CARLUKE, town and parish in upper
ward of Lanarkshire. The town stands
near Caledonian Railway, adjacent to pic-
turesque ravine, amid a fine tabular tract,
19J miles east-south-east of Glasgow. It
dates from old times, went long into
decay, and rose in modern times into well-
built, pleasant, prosperous condition. It
has a head post office with all depart-
ments, a railway station, 2 bank-
ing offices, 3 hotels, good waterworks,
opened in January 1880; Established,
Free, United Presbyterian, Original Seces-
sion, Evangelical Union, and Roman
Catholic churches, all modern or quite
recent ; an evangelistic hall of 1879 ; a
public school of 1877, for 600 scholars ; and
a quondam parochial school, then con-
verted into an infant school ; and it
conducts much business in connection
with a rich surrounding mineral field.
Pop. 3867. — The parish contains also
the villages of Braidwood, Law, Kilcad-
zow, and Yieldshields. Its length is 8
miles ; its greatest breadth 4^ miles ; its
area 15,345 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £48,911. Pop. 8552. The south-
western boundary is all traced by the
Clyde, and the interior is traversed by
little affluents along deep ravines. The
tracts adjacent to the Clyde are low, rich
lands, either alluvial or argillaceous,
largely covered with orchards and woods ;
the central tracts are plateau, averagely
about 450 feet high, varied by roundish
hills, and mostly under the plough ; and
the north-eastern tracts are chiefly ascend-
ing, bleak, barren moor. Mauldslie Castle
and Milton Lockhart are chief residences ;
and Hallbar, a square tower in a romantic
dell, is the principal antiquity. An Estab-
lished church of 1880, and a Free church
of 1879, are in Law. 11 schools are in the
parish, and have accommodation for 1315
scholars.

CARMACOUP, estate in Douglas parish,
Lanarkshire.

CARMAN, hill-summit in Cardross par-
ish, Lanarkshire.

CARMEL, rivulet, running about 10
miles south - westward to Irvine river,
about 3 miles above Irvine town, Ayr-
shire.

CARMICHAEL, parish in upper ward of
Lanarkshire. Its post town is Thankerton.
Its length is nearly 6 miles ; its greatest
breadth 5j miles ; its area 11,314 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £9091. Pop. 770.

CAR

CAR

The surface includes part of Tinto
Mountain, and descends thence, with
much diversity of hill and vale, to the
rivers Clyde and Douglas. The rocks
include excellent coal and limestone.
Carmichael House belonged to the Earl
of Hyndford, and is now a seat of
Sir W. C. J. Carmichael Anstruther,
Bart. The public school has about 56
scholars.

CARMOUNT, moor and hill on mutual
border of Dunnottar and Glenbervie par-
ishes, Kincardineshire.

CARMUNNOCK, village and parish on
north-west border of Lanarkshire. The
village stands 3^ miles south-south-west of
Butherglen, and has a post office under
Glasgow, a parochial church with 470
sittings, and a public school with about 103
scholars. Pop. 315. — The parish measures
about 5 miles by 2, and comprises 3479
acres. Eeal property in 1880-81, £7599.
Pop. 722. The surface includes part of
Cathkin Hill, commanding a most magni-
ficent view, and is all beautifully diversi-
fied with hill and dale. The seats are
Cathkin House and Castlemilk, and the
antiquities are remains of a Eoman road
and a Roman camp.

CARMYLE, village on the Clyde, 4J
miles south-east of Glasgow. It is beauti-
fully situated, and has a railway station.
Pop. 484.

CARMYLIE, parish, averagely 6J miles
west-by-north of Arbroath, Forfarshire.
It has a post office under Arbroath. Its
length is about 5 miles ; its greatest breadth
about 3f miles ; its area 7553 acres. Eeal
property in 1880 - 81, £8838. Pop. 1137.
The land consists of skirts and vales of
south-eastern Sidlaws, presents no bold I
feature or lofty height, and, with excep- j
tion of one summit, is all under the j
plough. Flagstone quarries in it have
been worked for several centuries, produce
now about 150 tons of flags per day, and
have a railway for carrying them to
Arbroath. The seats are Guynd and
Conansythe ; and the antiquities are
vestiges and sites of cairns and Caledonian
standing stones and forts. The churches
are Established and Free. There are 3 I
schools for 377 scholars, and 1 of them for
120 is new.

CARNA, small island in Loch Sunart,
Argyleshire. Pop. 7.

CARNABATTAN, lake in Kiltarlity par-
ish, Inverness-shire.

CARNAC, fosse of quondam Pictish fort,
in Dunbarny parish, Perthshire.

CARNACH, quoad sacra parish, compris-
ing a narrow valley about 14 miles long,
on south border of Eoss-shire. Post town,
Beauly. Pop. 296.

CARNACLAISER, place, with public
school, in Urray parish, Eoss-shire.

CARN-A-MAIREE, lofty mountain in
Glenlyon, Perthshire.

CARNAN, small affluent of the Etive,
in Ardchattan parish, Argyleshire.

CARNAN, sea-loch in north-east of
South Uist Island, Outer Hebrides.

CARNASOUG, mountain, 8 miles south-
south-west of Kinlochewe, Eoss-shire.

CARNASSARY, ruined, notable histori-
cal castle, in Kilmartin parish, Argyle-
shire.

CARNAVADDY, cavern, once the retreat
of a notable bandit, in Benclybric, Suther-
land.

CARNBANE, mountain on north flank
of Glenstrathfarrar, Inverness-shire.

CARNBEE, parish, with church, 2f miles
north-by-west of Pittenweem, Fife. It
has a post office under Pittenweem. Its
length is 4J miles ; its greatest breadth 3^
miles ; its area 8396 acres. Eeal property
in 1880-81, £14,816. Pop., quoad civilia,
1057; quoad sacra, 982. A high hill-
ridge extends through the middle from
east to west, and commands very fine
views. The section southward of the
ridge is rich, highly cultivated land ; but
the section northward lies high, and has
an inferior soil. Coal, limestone, and
sandstone are worked. Balcaskie, the
seat of Sir Eobert Anstruther, Bart., is a
chief residence ; and Kellie Castle, once the
seat of the Earl of Kellie, is now a farm-
house. The churches are Established
and Free, and there are 3 schools for 297
scholars.

CARNBO, place about 4 miles from Kin-
ross. It has a post office under Kinross.

CARNBROE (LOW), section of Mossend
town, Lanarkshire.

CARNBROE (NEW), section of Odder
Ironworks town, Lanarkshire.

CARNDEARG, lofty mountain in Fortin-
gal parish, Perthshire.

CARNEIL, hill in Carnock parish, Fife.

CARNLIATH, one of the summits of
Benygloe, in Blair- Athole, Perthshire.

CARN-NAN-EUN, hill in north of Colon-
say Island, Argyleshire.

CARNOCK, village and parish on south-
west border of Fife. The village stands
3^ miles west-north-west of Dunfermline,
and has a post office under Dunfermline,
a fine parochial church of 1840, a Free
church, and a public school with about 86
scholars. Pop. 303. — The parish contains
also the villages of Cairneyhill and Gowk-
hall, and the greater part of Oakley Iron-
works. Its length is 3 miles ; its greatest
breadth 2f miles ; its area 3492 acres. Eeal
property in 1880-81, £5902. Pop. 1055.
The surface is partly level, partly undu-
lated and diversified, and partly occupied
with considerable hills. Coal abounds,
and ironstone and sandstone are found.
The chief seats are Carnock House and
Luskar, and the chief antiquity is the site
of a Eoman camp. John Erskine, author
of the Institutes of the Law of Scotland,
was a native ; and Thomas Gillespie,
founder of the Belief Church, now part of
the United Presbyterian Church, was par-
ish minister. There are 3 schools, with
accommodation for 512 scholars.

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CARNOCK, estate in St. Ninians parish,
Stirlingshire.

CARNOCK, burn, running about 6 miles
north-eastward, partly through a deep
chasm, to the Blane, at 2 miles south-west
of Killearn, Stirlingshire.

CARNOUSIE, seat in Forglen parish,
Banffshire.

CARNOUSTIE, town and quoad sacra
parish on south-east coast of Forfarshire.
The town stands 6 miles south-west of
Arbroath ; is a sea-bathing resort, and a
place of linen manufacture ; consists of
Carnoustie proper and Lower Victoria,
Ravensby, Newton, and "Westhaven sub-
urbs ; and has a head post office with all
departments, a railway station, 2 banking
offices, 4 hotels, Established, Free, United
Presbyterian, and Original Secession
churches, an Episcopalian church, founded
in August 1880, and a public school with
about 171 scholars. Pop., of the town
proper, 2650 ; of the town and suburbs,
3243 ; of the quoad sacra parish, 1999.

CARNSALLOCH, estate in Kirkmahoe
parish, Dumfriesshire.

CARNTORKIE, one of the summits of
Benygloe, in Blair-Athole parish, Perth-
shire.

CARNWATH, village and parish in upper
ward of Lanarkshire. The village stands
f mile east of a railway station of its own
name, 26 miles south-south-west of Edin-
burgh ; is partly old and partly recent ;
adjoins an artificial mound, formerly forti-
fied, and supposed to have been a defensive
work in the cause of Robert Bruce ; has a
post office, with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Lanarkshire, a
banking office, a modern parochial church
contiguous to fine remains of an ancient
collegiate one, a Free church, a United
Presbyterian church, and 2 public schools
with about 217 scholars ; and gives to the
family of Dalzell the title of earl, created
in 1639, attainted in 1715, and restored in
1825. Pop. 845. — The parish contains
also the villages of Wilsontown, Braehead,
Forth, Haywood, and Newbigging, and
part of Carstairs Junction. Its length is
8J miles ; its greatest breadth 1\ miles ; its
area 30,446 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £42,726. Pop. 5831. Low, flat
lands lie adjacent to the Clyde and the
Medwin, yet have an elevation of about
600 feet above sea-level ; and other lands
are mostly plateau and low hill, nowhere
higher than about 600 feet above the level
of the low lands. Much is bare moor, and
about one-half is bleak, wild, and unculti-
vated. Coal, ironstone, and limestone are
plentiful around Wilsontown. Carnwath
House is a seat of Sir Simon M. Lockhart,
Bart. ; and Cowthally Castle, now a ruin,
was a seat of the noble family of Somer-
ville. Established churches are at Forth
and Haywood, a Free church is between
Forth and Wilsontown, and a United Pres-
byterian church is at Braehead. 8 schools
for 1481 scholars are in the parish, and

4 of them and enlargements for 967 are
new.

CAROLINE PARK, a seat of the Duke
of Buccleuch, near Granton, Edinburgh-
shire.

CAROLINE PLACE, village in St. Mar-
tins parish, Perthshire.

CAROLSIDE, seat on the Leader, about
a mile north of Earlston, Berwickshire.

CARPOW, seat in Abernethy parish,
Perthshire.

CARR, burn, entering left side of the
Dee, 2 miles above Castleton-Braemar,
Aberdeenshire. It makes a pretty cascade.

CARR, reef, with beacon, about Lj mile
from Fifeness, eastern extremity of Fife.

CARR, seat of Sir Robert P. Douglas,
Bart., Perthshire.

CARRADALE, hamlet, small bay, small
peninsula, rocky sea cliff, and rivulet of 7
miles entering the bay, 14 miles north-by-
east of Campbelton, Argyleshire. The
hamlet has a post office, with money order
and telegraph departments, designated of
Argyleshire, an iron pier of 1872, an Estab-
lished church, and a public school. The
peninsula contains ruins of a vitrified fort
about 450 feet in circuit. The sea cliff
is crowned with remains of a considerable
old fortalice.

CARRAIG, dangerous rock, unseen at
high water, between Lismore and Mull
Islands. Argyleshire.

CARR BRIDGE, hamlet on Dulnain
river, 24J miles south-east of Inverness.
It has a post office, with money order
department, under Aviemore, an inn, and a
Free church.

CARRICK, southern district of Ayrshire.
It measures about 32 miles by 20 ; has
mostly a broken, hilly surface, correspond-
ing to its name, signifying ' a rock ; '
figures as an earldom in the history of
the royal Bruces ; and continues to give
the title of earl to the Prince of Wales.

CARRICK, ancient and tolerably entire
castle on west side of Loch Goil, Argyle-
shire. It dates at least from the end of
fifth century, and belonged to the Crown,
but was held by the Earl of Argyle as
hereditary keeper. A place adjacent to it
has a post office of Carrick, under Greenock.

CARRICK, seat in Eday Island, Orkney.

CARRIDEN, parish on coast of Linlith-
gowshire. It contains Blackness, the
Grangepans suburb of Borrowstownness,
and 3 hamlets, and its post town is
Borrowstownness. Its length along the
coast is 4| miles ; its greatest breadth is
2 miles ; and its area is 2705 acres. Real
property in 1880 - 81, £8581. Pop. 1989.
The surface rises rapidly from the shore,
declines again to the south, includes part
of Irongath Hills, and is aggregately very
unequal. The rocks are mostly carboni-
ferous, and include many seams of coal.
Carriden House is the seat of Admiral Sir
James Hope. Antoninus' Wall had its
eastern termination on this coast. The
parochial church stands about \\ mile east-

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south-east of Borrowstownness, and public
schools are there and in Grangepans.

CARRINGTON, village and parish in
south of Edinburghshire. The village
stands 5 miles south-by-west of Dalkeith,
and has a post office under Gorebridge. The
parish measures 4| miles by 2§, and com-
prises 4403 acres. Real property in 1880-
81, £6347. Pop. 606. The surface is
hilly, but is mostly arable. Whitehall
House, is a chief feature. The churches
are Established and Free, the latter serving
also for Temple parish ; and the public
school has accommodation for 130, scholars.

CARROL, abrupt precipice overhanging
Loch Brora, in Clyne parish, Suther-
landshire.

CARRON, daugh in Aberlour parish,
and hill partly also in Inveraven parish,
Banffshire.

CARRON, meadow-bog of about 500
acres, on plateau near the centre of Lennox
Hills, Stirlingshire.

CARRON, river issuing from Carron bog
and running about 20 miles eastward to
the Forth, at Grangemouth. Its banks
have been the scene of many memorable
events, and are famous in song for their
beauty.

CARRON, rivulet, running about 9 miles
southward to the Nith, in vicinity of
Carronbridge, Dumfriesshire. It is crossed,
near the foot, by a very fine railway
viaduct.

CARRON, rivulet, running about 7 miles
eastward to the sea, at Stonehaven, Kin-
cardineshire.

CARRON, sea-loch in south-west of Ross-
shire. It commences at influx of Carron
river ; goes 8 miles south-westward, with
average width of less than a mile ; expands
suddenly to width of about 2J miles ; sends
off north-north-eastward a branch called
Loch Kishorn ; and proceeds 7 miles south-
westward to the sea, with average width
of 3 miles.

CARRON, small river, running about 16
miles south-westward, forming a chain of
small lakes, and falling into head of Loch
Carron, Ross-shire.

CARRON, station on Strathspey railway,
3} miles south-west of Aberlour, Banffshire.
It has a post office, called Carron Station,
under Craigellachie.

CARRONBRIDGE, village on Carron
rivulet. If mile north-west of Thornhill,
Dumfriesshire. It has a post office under
Thornhill, and a railway station.

CARRONBRIDGE, place on Carron river,
near Denny, Stirlingshire. It has a post
office under Denny.

CARRONHALL, village on Carron river,
in Larbert parish, Stirlingshire. Pop. 313.

CARRON IRONWORKS, vast iron-
foundry on river Carron, 1^ mile north-
north-east of Falkirk, Stirlingshire. It
was projected in 1760; is now, and has
long been, the largest foundry in Europe ;
employs about 2000 men ; and has a post
office, simply designated Carron, under

Larbert, and a United Presbyterian church
of 1881.

CARRONSHORE, village on Carron river,
2 miles west of Grangemouth. It is con-
nected with Carron ironworks by a double-
line railway, and it has a post office under
Falkirk, an Established church, projected
in 1876, and a public school with about
236 scholars. Pop. 962.

CARRON (WEST), village, with iron-
works, on river Carron, in Larbert and
Falkirk parishes, Stirlingshire. Pop. 902.

CARROY, small sea - loch, projecting
north-eastward from Loch Bracadale, in
Skye.

CARRUCHAN, seat in Troqueer parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

CARRUTH, seat in Kilmalcolm parish,
Renfrewshire.

CARRUTHERS, old parish, now part of
Middlebie, Dumfriesshire.

CARRUTHERSTOWN, place, 3 miles
from Kirtleb ridge, Dumfriesshire. It has
a post office under Lockerby.

CARRY BLAIR, place, with ancient
sculptured obelisk, in Eddertoun parish,
Ross-shire.

CARSAIG, place, with two grand natural
arches, between Lochbuy mouth and
Innimore head, on south coast of Mull
Island, Argyleshire.

CARSE, bay in Kirkbean parish, Kirk-
cudbrightshire.

CARSE, seat and hill in Rescobie parish,
Forfarshire.

CARSEBRIDGE, coal-field in Alloa parish,
Clackmannanshire.

CARSEBURN, village in Forfar parish,
Forfarshire.

CARSECREUCH, ancient castle, once the
seat of the Earls of Stair, in Old Luce
parish, Wigtonshire.

CARSEGILL, seat in Westerkirk parish,
Dumfriesshire.

CARSEGOWNIE, transmuted old fortified
seat in Aberlemno parish, Forfarshire.

CARSE GRANGE, small village in Errol
parish, Perthshire.

CARSE OF CLACKMANNAN, section of
Carse of Forth within Clackmannanshire.

CARSE OF FALKIRK, section of Carse
of Forth, from Airth in Stirlingshire to
Borrowstownness in Linlithgowshire.

CARSE OF FORTH, low, flat, alluvial
land along both sides of the Forth, from
foot of the Grampians to the heights of
Carriden, in the counties of Perth, Clack-
mannan, Stirling, and Linlithgow.

CARSE OF GOWRIE, low, flat, alluvial
tract along north side of the Tay, from base
of Kinnoul Hill, in Perthshire, to vicinity
of Dundee, Forfarshire. It seems to have
lain under water till far into the human
period ; and it includes some low eminences,
now called Inches, which seem to have
been islands.

CARSE OF KINNEIL, terminal part of
Carse of Forth, around Borrowstownness,
Linlithgowshire.

CARSE OF STIRLING section of Carse

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of Forth from Craigforth to Airth, in
Stirlingshire.

CARSETHORN, village in Kirkbean
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

CARSK, place, 13 miles north-north-
west of Lairg, in Sutherland.

CARSKEY, seat and bay in Southend
parish, Argyleshire.

CARSLOGIE, old seat in Cupar parish,
Fife.

CARSPHAIRN, village and parish on
northern border of Kirkcudbrightshire.
The village stands on Deugh rivulet, about
12 miles north-north-west of New Gal-
loway, and has a post office under Dairy,
a hotel, a parochial church with about 400
sittings, and a public school with about 76
scholars. — The parish measures about 15^
miles by 10, and comprises 54,624 acres.
Eeal property in 1880-81, £11,339. Pop.
484. The western border includes part of
Loch Doon, and the interior is much
streaked with upland streams, exhibits
great diversity of glen and mountain
scenery, culminates on Cairnsmuir at 2612
feet above sea-level, contains a well-
preserved Roman camp and a well-pre-
served reach of Roman road, and abounds
in memories of the Covenanters. There is
a Free church for Carsphairn and Dalmel-
lington.

CARSTAIRS, village and parish in upper
ward of Lanarkshire. The village stands
about a mile north of Carstairs Junction,
occupies the site of the Caledonian and
Roman town Coria, and has a post office
under Lanark, a parochial church, and a
public school with about 170 scholars.
Pop. 528. — The parish contains also
Ravenstruther village and most of Car-
stairs Junction. Its length is 1\ miles ;
its greatest breadth 3 miles; its area
9820 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£15,737. Pop. 1955. The Clyde bounds
the south-east end, and Mouse rivulet
crosses the interior. The land is diversified
by multitudes of sand knolls, of exceedingly
various shape and size. Carstairs House,
adjacent to the Clyde, is a chief feature.

CARSTAIRS JUNCTION, village, with
railway station at meeting-point of rail-
ways from Edinburgh, Glasgow, Dolphin-
ton, and Carlisle, 27| miles south-west-by-
south of Edinburgh. It has a post office de-
signated of Lanarkshire. It sprang entirely
from the formation of the Caledonian Rail-
way ; and it has ample buildings and
appliances for accommodating and re-
arranging railway trains. Pop. 888.

CART, river, formed by conflux of Black
and White Carts, and running about 7
furlongs northward to the Clyde, at 6^ miles
west-north-west of Glasgow.

CART, burn, running to the Lossie, in
Dallas parish, Elginshire.

CART (BLACK), small river, running
about 9 miles north-eastward from Castle-
Semple Loch to confluence with White
Cart, Renfrewshire.

CARTERBAR, east shoulder of Carter

Fell, on mutual border of Roxburghshire
and England. It is traversed by the
public road from Jedburgh to Newcastle-
on-Tyne.

CARTER FELL, mountain, 1815 feet
high, one of the Cheviots, on mutual border
of Roxburghshire and England, 9^ miles
south - south - east of Jedburgh. The
famous skirmish of 1575, sung as the
' Raid of the Red Swire,' was fought on it.

CARTERHAUGH, meadow at confluence
of the Ettrick and the Yarrow, Selkirk-
shire. It is the scene of the fairy ballad
of 'Tamlane.'

CARTLAND, village in north-west of
Lanark parish, Lanarkshire. It has a
public school.

CARTLAND CRAGS, great chasm, tra-
versed by lowmost reach of Mouse rivulet,
in north-west vicinity of Lanark. It ex-
tends fully f mile, in curved line, from
east - north - east to west - south - west ;
appears to be a rent through a tabular hill,
caused by vertical earthquake stroke ; is
flanked by perpendicular, fissured, rugged
cliffs, with maximum height of about 400
feet on one side, and more than 200 feet
on the other ; and shows correspondence
of the two sides, face to face and part to
part, in almost every crack and salience.

CARTSBURN, quoad sacra parish in east
end of Greenock,Renfrewshire. Pop. 10,639.

CARTSDYKE, or CRAWFURDSDIKE,
eastern suburb of Greenock, Renfrewshire.
It was originally a separate village ; and it
became a burgh of barony, and a rival to
Greenock ; but it now stands compact with
that town, and is part of the parliamentary
burgh. It has a railway station, a Free
church, and a large public school.

CART (WHITE), river, rising in south-
east extremity of Renfrewshire, and run-
ning about 19 miles deviously, past Busby,
Pollockshaws, and Paisley, to a confluence
with the Black Cart.

CARTY, harbour on Cree river, 1^ mile
south-south-east of Newton-Stewart, Wig-
tonshire.

CARVY, small affluent of the Don, in
Strathdon parish, Aberdeenshire.

CARWOOD, seat and burn in Biggar
parish, Lanarkshire.

CASH FEUS, section of Strathmiglo
town, Fife. Pop. 698.

CASHOGLE, estate in Durisdeer parish,
Dumfriesshire.

CASKIEBEN, seat, 9 miles north-west-
by-west of Aberdeen.

CASSENCARRIE, old building, with
tower, in Kirkmabreck parish, Kirkcud-
brightshire.

CASSILIS, railway station and mansion,
6J miles south of Ayr, Ayrshire. The
mansion is partly modern, but chiefly an
edifice of 15th century, belongs to the
Marquis of Ailsa, and is the scene of the
famous traditional story of Sir John Faa.
The Kennedys of Dunure have been Earls
of Cassilis in the peerage of Scotland since
1511, and acquired the Marquisate of Ailsa

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in the peerage of the United Kingdom in
1831.

CASSLEY, small river, running 15 miles
south-south-eastward to the Oikell, near
Rosehall, at the boundary between Suther-
land and Ross-shire.

CASTLE, village in New Cumnock
parish, Ayrshire.

CASTLE, small bay in Portpatrick
parish, Wigtonshire.

CASTLE, bay in Barra Island, Outer
Hebrides.

CASTLEBANK, seat near Lanark, Lanark-
shire.

CASTLEBAY, place in Barra Island,
Outer Hebrides. It has a post office under
Lochmaddy.

CASTLE - CAMPBELL, or CASTLE-
GLOOM, ruined, strong, noble fortalice,
about a mile north-north-west of Dollar,
Clackmannanshire. It crowns a round
isolated mound at top of a wooded ravine ;
it dates from some period unknown to
record ; and it became the property of the
Earls of Argyle in 1493, and was burnt by
the Marquis of Montrose in 1645.

CASTLECARY, railway station, and re-
mains of a principal station on Antoninus'
Wall, 7 miles west-south-west of Falkirk,
Stirlingshire.

CASTLE-CLANYARD, ruined old seat in
Kirkmaiden parish, Wigtonshire.

CASTLE - CLUGGY, remains of strong
ancient fortalice in Monivaird parish,
Perthshire.

CASTLE - COEFFIN, ruined ivy - clad
ancient fortalice, supposed to be Danish,
on Lismore Island, Argyleshire.

CASTLE -COLE, curious Scandinavian
tower, with uncemented walls 11 feet
thick, in Clyne parish, Sutherland.

CASTLE-CRAIG, seat of Sir William H.
G. Carmichael, Bart., in Kirkurd parish,
Peeblesshire.

CASTLE-CRAIG, fragment of seat of the
Bishops of Ross in Resolis parish, Ross-
shire.

CASTLE-CRAIG, place, with remains of
fort, adjacent to Tillicoultry, Clackmannan-
shire.

CASTLE-CRAIG, rising ground, with re-
mains of small Roman camp, in West Calder
paiish, Edinburghshire.

CASTLE-CRAIGNISH. See Craignish.

CASTLE-DANGEROUS. See Douglas.

CASTLE-DONNAN, ruined ancient forta-
lice in Kintail parish, Ross-shire.

CASTLE-DOUGLAS, town in Kirkcud-
brightshire, 19| miles south-west of Dum-
fries. It sprang from a hamlet called
Causewayend or Carlinwark, and took its
present name in 1792, with allusion to the
famous Douglas Castle of Thrieve, 1| mile
to the west. It rose suddenly to import-
ance, sustained a check by failure of cotton
manufacture, flourished speedily again,
and is now the main centre of business for
eastern Galloway. It stands on a gentle
declivity adjacent to Carlinwark Loch ;
consists of spacious streets, crossing one

another at right angles, with gardens in
their rear ; and presents an airy, pleasant,
well-built appearance. It has a head post
office with all departments, a railway
station, 2 banking offices, 3 hotels, a town
hall, an Established church, 2 Free churches,
United Presbyterian, Episcopalian, and
Roman Catholic churches, a Mechanics'
Institute, 2 public schools with about 417
scholars, and public 'waterworks of 1880.
Pop. 2565.

CASTLE - DOWNREAY, ruined ancient
seat of the Mackays, in Reay parish, Caith-
ness.

CASTLEDYKES, site of ancient castle of
the Comyns, on the Nith, a little south of
Dumfries.

CASTLEDYKES, site of Roman station,
on the Clyde, in Carstairs parish, Lanark-
shire.

CASTLEFAIRN, headstream of the Cairn,
in Glencairn parish, Dumfriesshire.

CASTLE-FORBES, seat of Lord Forbes,
on the Don, in Keig parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

CASTLE-FRASER, seat, 2 miles south-
west of Kemnay, Aberdeenshire.

CASTLE-GILMOUR, farm, with impor-
tant minerals, in Sanquhar parish, Dum-
f ricssliirG

CASTLE - GIRNIGOE, ruined ancient
stronghold of the Earls of Caithness, on
the coast 3 miles north-east of Wick,
Caithness.

CASTLE-GLOOM. See Castle-Campbell.

CASTLEGOWER, farm, with vitrified fort,
in Buittle parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

CASTLE-GRANT, a seat of the Earl of
Seafield, near Grantown, Elginshire.

CASTLE - HAYNE, vestige of strong
ancient fortalice, on coast of Borgue par-
ish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

CASTLEHILL, village in Carluke parish,
Lanarkshire. Pop. 485.

CASTLEHILL, place, with public school,
in Kippen parish, Stirlingshire.

CASTLEHILL, south-western section of
Inverness. It has a post office under
Inverness.

CASTLEHILL, bay, harbour, and ship-
ment place of paving-flag, in Olrig parish,
Caithness.

CASTLE -HILL, each of at least 46
eminences in Scotland, now or formerly
crowned by a castle.

CASTLE-HUNTLY, grand mansion, once
the seat of the Earls of Strathmore, in
Longforgan parish, Perthshire.

CASTLE-ISLAND, islet, famous in the
history of Queen Mary, in Loch Leven,
Kinross-shire.

CASTLE-ISLAND, islet near Eigg, Inner
Hebrides.

CASTLE - KENNEDY, railway station,
post office, lake, and ruined noble man-
sion, in Inch parish, Wigtonshire. The
station is 3 miles east-by-south of Stran-
raer. The post office is designated Castle-
Kennedy Station, Wigtonshire. The lake
measures 2 miles by has picturesque

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features, contains two islets, and is nearly
bisected by two peninsulas. The mansion
was built in the time of James vi.,
belonged to the Earls of Cassilis, passed
to the Earls of Stair, and was accidentally
burnt in 1715. The parochial church of
Inch, and a public school with about 90
scholars, are adjacent to the lake.

CASTLE-KILCHURN. See Kilchurn.

CASTLE-KNAP, vestige of ancient State
prison, in Lunan parish, Forfarshire.

CASTLE - LACHLAN, seat in Strachur
parish, Argyleshire.

CASTLELAW, lofty conical hill, with
vestige of large Scandinavian fort, and
with extensive view, 2 miles south of
Forgandenny, Perthshire.

CASTLELAW, lofty hill, one of the Lam-
mermoors, with large circular camp, in
Yester parish, Haddingtonshire.

CASTLELAW, eminence, with vestige of
ancient camp, in Glencorse parish, Edin-
burghshire.

CASTLELAW, seat in Coldstream parish,
Berwickshire.

CASTLELAW, hill, with ancient Cale-
donian fort, in Yetholm parish, Roxburgh-
shire.

CASTLE-LEATHERS, estate in Inverness
parish, Inverness-shire.

CASTLE-LEOD, noble mansion, long a
seat of the Earls of Cromarty, and now
belonging to the Duchess of Sutherland,
at head of Strathpeffer, Ross-shire.

CASTLE LOCH, lake of more than 200
acres, adjacent to Lochmaben, Dumfries-
shire. It is rich in both kinds and quan-
tities of fish, and contains a peculiar
species called the vendace ; and it has,
on a peninsula, the remains of the royal
castle of the Bruces.

CASTLE -LYON, quondam seat in Bor-
rowstownness parish, Linlithgowshire; also
quondam name of Castle-Huntly, Perth-
shire.

CASTLE-MAINS, seat near Lesmahagow,
Lanarkshire.

CASTLE-MAOIL, ruined ancient strong
fortalice, adjacent to Kyleakin, Inverness-
shire.

CASTLE-MEARNAIG, ancient fortalice,
surmounting conical rock, on Kingairloch
coast, opposite Lismore, Argyleshire.

CASTLE-MENZIES, seat of Sir Robert
Menzies, Bart., near the Tay, in Weem
parish, Perthshire.

CASTLEMILK, seat in St. Mungo par-
ish, Dumfriesshire.

CASTLEMILK, seat in Carmunnock par-
ish, Lanarkshire. Queen Mary slept in it
on the night before the battle of Langside.

CASTLE-NA-COIR, ruined old baronial
fortalice, near mouth of Cassley river, on
south border of Sutherland.

CASTLE -NEWE, seat of Sir Charles
Forbes, on upper part of Don river, Aber-
deenshire.

CASTLE -O'ER, Saxon camp, formerly
thought to be Roman, in Eskdalemuir
parish, Dumfriesshire.

CASTLE-POINT, low wooded headland
at eastern extremity of Roseneath parish,
Dumbartonshire.

CASTLE-QUA, quondam fort on a brink
of Cartland Crags, Lanarkshire. It dated
from the Caledonian times, and may have
been held by Sir William Wallace at his
assault on Lanark.

CASTLE-RACHAL, ruined Scandinavian
fortalice on north-west side of Lismore
Island, Argyleshire.

CASTLE - RANKINE, affluent of the
Carron, with industrial works, in Denny
parish, Stirlingshire.

CASTLE-ROY, remnant of large, strong,
ancient fortalice in Abernethy parish,
Inverness-shire.

CASTLES, lofty hill, with ancient camp,
in Yester parish, Haddingtonshire.

CASTLES, pinnacled cliff, pierced with
spacious cave, on south side of Ulva
Island, Argyleshire.

CASTLE-SEMPLE, lake and mansion in
Lochwinnoch parish, Renfrewshire. The
lake was reduced by drainage from up-
wards of 600 acres to about 200 acres ; has
3 wooded islets, and richly embellished
cincture ; contains several kinds of fish,
and is frequented by waterfowl. The
mansion is on its west side, near the foot,
and is a modern edifice on site of an
ancient one.

CASTLE - SHUNA, ruined ancient fort-
alice, on Shuna Island, in Loch Linnhe,
Argyleshire.

CASTLE - SINCLAIR, ruined ancient
fortalice of the Earls of Caithness, adja-
cent to Castle-Girnigoe, on Wick coast,
Caithness.

CASTLE-SPIRITIN, remnant of small
baronial keep on upper part of river Ness,
Inverness-shire.

CASTLE-SPYNIE, ancient, partly vitri-
fied fort on rocky peak of southern screen
of Loch Beauly, Inverness-shire.

CASTLE-STALKER, unroofed hunting-
seat of King James IV., afterwards resi-
dence of the Stewarts of Appin, on insu-
lated rock, off mouth of Appin Bay,
Argyleshire.

CASTLE-STALKER, ruined old fortalice,
picturesque and conspicuous, on Eriskay
Island, Outer Hebrides.

CASTLE-STEWART, lake and neglected
seat in Glasserton parish, Wigtonshire.

CASTLE-STEWART, ruined old seat in
Penningham parish, Wigtonshire.

CASTLE-STRIPE, streamlet and traces of
old castle in Inveraven parish, Banffshire.

CASTLE-STUART, a seat of the Earl of
Moray in Petty parish, Inverness-shire.

CASTLE-SWIN, ruined ancient strong
fortalice on Loch Swin, North Knapdale
parish, Argyleshire.

CASTLE-TIRIM, ruined strong ancient
fortalice on Loch Moydart, Inverness-shire.

CASTLETON, parish, containing the post
office villages of Newcastleton and Riccar-
ton, in south of Roxburghshire. It
adjoins England, figures in history and in

CAS

8:

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popular nomenclature as Liddesdale, is
the country of the ' Dandy Dinmont ' of
Sir Walter Scott's Guy Mannering, and
contains many scenes like that of Dandy
Dinmont's farm, much modified by modern
improvement. Its length is about 20
miles ; its greatest breadth 14 miles ; its
area 67,858 acres. Eeal property in
1880-81, £29,262. Pop. 2256. The border
districts, excepting the south, are moun-
tainous ; the interior districts are mostly
hilly ; a large proportion of the whole is
moorish, bleak, and wild ; and the inhabi-
ted parts are chiefly low tracts along
Hermitage and Liddle rivers. Hermitage
Castle, notable both in structure and in
history, is a prominent feature ; and
monuments of the Caledonian, the Roman,
and the feudal times are numerous. The
churches are Established, Free, and Uni-
ted Presbyterian. There are 4 schools for
418 scholars, and 2 of them and enlarge-
ments for 170 are new.

CASTLETON, small village in Borthwick
parish, Edinburghshire.

CASTLETON, farm, with ruins of ancient
royal palace, in Fordoun parish, Kincar-
dineshire.

CASTLETON, estate, with vestiges of
archi-episcopal mansion of 14th century,
in Muckart parish, Perthshire.

CASTLETON, hill, with site of ancient
castle, in Avoch parish, Ross-shire.

CASTLETON-BRAEMAR, village at influx
of the Cluny to the Dee, 60 miles west-by-
south of Aberdeen. • It is a tourists' centre
for exploring the Dee's upper basin and
the Cairngorm Mountains ; it adjoins the
ruin of an ancient fortalice of the Earls of
Max-, said to have been originally a hunting-
seat of Malcolm Canmore ; it is near a
castellated edifice of 1720, long used by a
Government garrison ; and it has a post
office of Braemar, with money order and
telegraph departments, under Aberdeen,
2 hotels, Established, Free, and Roman
Catholic Churches, and a public school.
Pop., with adjacent part of quoad sacra
parish, 859.

CASTLETON (NEW). See Newcastle- ■

TON.

CASTLETOWN, town at head of Dunnet
Bay, 5 miles east of Thurso, Caithness. It
is modern, contains some handsome houses,
conducts a large trade in working and ex-
porting pavement flags, and has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
department, under Thurso, a banking office,
Established, Free, and Original Secession
churches, and a public school with about
113 scholars. Pop. 932.

CASTLE-URQUHART. See Urquhaet,
Inverness-shire.

CASTLE VARRICH, ruined fortalice on
small promontory near head of Kyle of
Tongue, Sutherland.

CASTLE-WALLANS, vestige of old fort-
alice, said to have been a refuge of Sir
William Wallace, on the Clyde, in Carluke
parish, Lanarkshire.

CASTLEWIGG, seat in Whithorn parish,
Wigtonshire.

CASTRAGOE, harbour in Birsay parish,
Orkney.

CASTRAMOUNT, ancient small moat in
Girthon parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

CATACOL, hamlet at mouth of Glen-
catacol, Arran Island, Buteshire. Tradi-
tion says that a battle was fought on its
site between Fingal and his enemies.

CATCUNE, hamlet and ruined fortalice,
in Borthwick parish, Edinburghshire.

CATERLINE, village and ancient parish
in Kincardineshire. The village stands on
the coast, 5 miles north - north - east of
Bervie, and has a pier and an Episcopalian
church. The parish is now united to
Kinneff.

CATERTHUN, hills, with remains of
very strong and extensive ancient Cale-
donian fortifications, 4^ miles north-west
of Brechin, Forfarshire.

CATFIRTH, voe or bay on southern
boundary of Nesting parish, Shetland.

CATHCART, parish, chiefly in Renfrew-
shire, but partly in Lanarkshire, and in-
cluding parts of the southern suburbs of
Glasgow. It has a post office of its own
name under Glasgow, and contains the
Queen's Park, the town of Crossbill, the vil-
lages of New Cathcart, Old Cathcart, Cross-
myloof, Langside, Camphill, Prospect Hill,
Florida, Clarkston-Toll, Hangingshaw, Mill-
bridge, Netherlee, and part of the town
of Busby. Its length is 4 miles ; its greatest
breadth about 2 miles ; its area, in Renfrew-
shire, 2667 acres ; in Lanarkshire, 1397 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £86,113 and
£4381. Pop. , quoad civilia, 12,023 and 188 ;
quoad sacra, 7242 and 73. The northern
section is a charming expanse of rolling
landscape, very rich in both natural beauty
and artificial embellishment ; but the
southern section is somewhat hilly and
comparatively bleak and barren. A tract
of much interest is the battlefield of Lang-
side ; and an object of much note is Cath-
cart Castle, a place of conflict in the times
of Wallace and Bruce, and long the seat of
the distinguished family of its own name,
but now a diminished ivy-clad ruin. The
Cathcart family acquired the title of
baron in the peerage of Scotland about
1447, and the titles of viscount and earl in
the peerage of the United Kingdom in
respectively 1807 and 1814. Their heredi-
tary estates were alienated in 1546, but
partly repurchased within the present
century. Their present seat in the parish
is Cathcart House. Other seats are Aiken-
head, Langside, Netherlee, Camphill, and
numerous villas. The churches are 3
Established, 4 Free, and 4 United Pres-
byterian. There are 10 schools for 1686
scholars, and 2 of them for 700 are new.

CATHCART (NEW), village on the White
Cart, 2J miles south of Glasgow. It was
founded about the beginning of present
century. Pop. 689.

CATHCART (OLD), village on the White

CAT

84

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Cart, near New Cathcart. It contains
Cathcart parochial church, a fine edifice.
Pop. , with Holmhead and Braehead, 1003.

CATHERINEFIELD, place in Dumfries
parish, Dumfriesshire. It has a public
school with about 93 scholars.

CATHERINE'S (ST.), ferry on Loch Fyne,
opposite Inverary, Argyleshire.

CATHKIN, seat in Carmunnock parish,
and hill on mutual border of Carmunnock
and Rutherglen parishes, Lanarkshire. The
hill commands a magnificent view.

CATHLAW, seat and hill in Torphichen
parish, Linlithgowshire.

CATLAW, mountain, 2196 feet high, in
Kingoldrum parish, Forfarshire.

CATRAIL, military work, generally sup-
posed to have been constructed by the
Romanized Caledonians as a defence
against the Saxons, and extending from
vicinity of Galashiels southward to vicinity
of western end of Cheviot Hills. It con-
sisted of a fosse and a double rampart from
20 to 24 feet broad, aided at intervals by
hill - forts ; and it is still distinct or
traceable in several parts.

CATRINE, town and quoad sacra parish
in Ayrshire. The town stands on Ayr river,
2 miles east - south - east of Mauchline ;
was founded in 1787, as a seat of cotton
manufacture ; is built on a regular plan,
with central square and streets crossing
one another at right angles ; and has a post
office, with money order department, under
Mauchline, a banking office, a hotel, Es-
tablished, Free, United Presbyterian, and
Evangelical Union churches, and a public
school with about 316 scholars. Pop. of
both town and parish, 2638. Catrine House,
in the vicinity, figures in the biography of
Prof. Dugald Stewart and the poet Burns.

CATSTANE, monumental stone, com-
memorative of a battle between Kenneth
and Constantine in 995, on Almond river,
in Kirkliston parish, Edinburghshire.

CATTER, seat in Kilmaronock parish,
Dumbartonshire.

CAULDCHAPEL, farm, with ancient
camp and tumulus, in "Wandell parish,
Lanarkshire.

CAULDCLEUCH, mountain, 1996 feet
high, on mutual border of Teviothead and
Castleton parishes, Roxburghshire.

CAULDHAME, hamlet in section of
Kippen parish, within Perthshire.

CAULDRON, lake in Dryfesdale parish,
Dumfriesshire.

CAULDSHIELDS, lake in section of Gala-
shiels parish, within Roxburghshire.

CAULDSTANE, pass through Pentland
Hills, south-west of East Cairn, Edin-
burghshire.

CAUSEWAYEND, railway station, 5J
miles south - west of Borrowstownness,
Linlithgowshire.

CAUSEWAYEND, place, with public
school, in Mid-Calder parish, Edinburgh-
shire.

CAUSEWAYHEAD, village, 1£ mile north
of Stirling. It has a post office under

Stirling, a railway station, and a public
school with about 110 scholars. Pop. 370.
CAUSEWAYSIDE, suburb of Tollcross,

CAUSEWAY-STONES, village in Blantyre
parish, Lanarkshire. Pop. 464.

CAVA, island in Orphir parish, Orkney.

CAVENS, seat in Kirkbean parish, Kirk-
cudbrightshire. A castellated residence of
the Regent Morton stood on a spot near.

CAVE OF GOLD, basaltic cavern near
Loch Staffin, Isle of Skye.

CAVE OF THE KETTLE, coast cavern,
with vertical shaft discharging lofty jet
d'eau, at Tighary Point, in North Uist,
Outer Hebrides.

CAVERS, parish, containing the post
office village of Denholm, in Roxburgh-
shire. Its length is nearly 12 miles ; its
breadth, in some parts, not much more
than 2 miles ; its area 18,254 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £15,896. Pop. 1318.
The Teviot bounds its north-west side, and
the Rule its north-east end. The surface
near these streams is partly rich alluvial
land ; farther back is a beautiful as-
semblage of undulation, dale, ravine, and
hill, terminating in part of Ruberslaw
Mountain ; in the extreme south, is mostly
bleak, moorish, and mountainous. Cavers
House is the only mansion. The churches
are Established, Free, and Congregational.
There are 3 schools for Cavers and Kirkton,
with accommodation for 467 scholars, and
2 of them and enlargements with accom-
modation for 291 are new.

CAVERS-CARRE, seat in Bowden parish,
Roxburghshire.

CAVERTON, village, 4| miles south-
south-east of Kelso, Roxburghshire. It
has a public school with about 56 scholars.

CAVERTON EDGE, extensive moor near
Caverton village, Roxburghshire. It was
formerly used for the Kelso races.

CAWDOR, village in Nairnshire, and
parish partly also in Inverness-shire. The
village stands 5J miles south-west-by-south
of Nairn ; has a post office under Nairn,
an Established church, a Free church, and
a public school with about 99 scholars,
and gives the titles of baron and earl to
a branch of the family of Campbell. — The
parish extends about 3^ miles along Nairn
river, varies in breadth there from about
1 mile to 5 miles, and has an offset across
Findhorn river to the extent of more than
16 miles. Acres, in Nairnshire, 27,414 ;
in Inverness-shire, 1952. Real property
in 1880-81, £4500 and £599. Pop. 959 and
111. The tract along the Nairn, to
the breadth of about a mile, is cultivated
plain, and the surface thence rises into
ranges of considerable hills. Cawdor
Castle, partly a grand structure of 14th
century, is the seat of Earl Cawdor, was
a hiding-place of Lord Lovat after the
battle of Culloden, and is traditionally
but foolishly alleged to have been the
scene of the murder of King Duncan by
Macbeth. The churches are Established

CAW

85

CHA

and Free, and there are 2 new public
schools with accommodation for 176
scholars.

CAWPLA, burn and lake in Neilston
parish, Eenfrewshire.

CEANNABIN, mountain in Durness par-
ish, Sutherland.

CEANNAMHARA, bold headland, cloven,
shattered, and swarming with seafowl, at
western extremity of Tyree Island, Argyle-
shire. .

CEANNARD, lake on Grandtully Hill,
Dull parish, Perthshire.

CEANNARD, rivulet traversing Strath-
ceannard, in Coigach district, Cromarty-
shire.

CEANNLOCH, rivulet entering head of
Loch Roag, in Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

CEAN- RESORT, mountain at head of
Loch Resort, in Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

CEATHRAMHGARBH, district between
Loch Inchard and Loch Laxford, Edder-
achyllis parish, Sutherland.

CELLAR, headland in north-east of
Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

CELLARDYKE, fishing town contiguous
to Anstruther, on south-east coast of Fife.
It got its name from storage cellars for
fish ; it forms part of the royal burgh of
Kilrenny ; and it has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
under Anstruther, a banking office, and
infant and female public schools with
about 134 and 55 scholars. Pop. 2568.

CERES, town and parish in east centre
of Fife. The town stands on burn of its
own name, 2J miles south-east of Cupar ;
includes the suburbs of Bridgend and
Glaidney ; carries on considerable manu-
facture of brown linen ; and has a post
office,with most departments, under Cupar,
a public green, an Established church,
a Free church, 2 United Presbyterian
churches, a public school with about 184
scholars, and the burial vault of the
Earls of Crawford. Pop. 839. — The
parish contains also the villages of Craig-
rothie and Chance Inn, but excludes the
suburb of Glaidney. Its length is 6£
miles ; its greatest breadth 3f miles ; its
urea 10,075 acres. Real property in 1880-
81, £17,541. Pop., quoad civilia, 2063;
quoad sacra, 1963. The surface is
pleasantly diversified, but mainly consists
of fine valley screened by Tarvet Hill and
Magus Moor. Limestone is largely worked,
building stone is extensively quarried,
and coal abounds, but is not now worked.
A basaltic colonnade is onNewbiggingfarm.
Teasses and Edenwood are principal seats ;
Craighall House and Struthers House are
ruins ; and a tower about 50 feet high is
on Scotstarvet estate. There are 4 schools
for 497 scholars, and an enlargement of
1 of them for 100 is new.

CESSFORD, village and old castle in
east of Roxburghshire. The village stands
on burn of its own name, 6£ miles south-
east of Jedburgh, and gives the titles of
baron and marquis to the Duke of Rox-

burghe. — The castle was the residence of
the Duke of Roxburghe's ancestors ;
figured in many events of the Border
raids and warfare ; had a strength not
much less than that of Dunbar and Fast
Castles ; and is now represented by a
ruined massive keep, with frightful
dungeon.

CESSNOCK, rivulet, running about 9
miles north-north-westward to the Irvine,
at 2 miles below Galston, Ayrshire.

CHALMERS, quoad sacra parish in east-
ern part of Glasgow. Pop. 4415.

CHAMPFLEURIE, seat, 2J miles east of
Linlithgow.

CHANCE INN, village midway between
Ceres and Cupar, Fife.

CHANCE INN, place in Inverkeilor par-
ish, Forfarshire. It has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
designated of Forfarshire.

CHANLOCK, verdant round hill in Pen-
pont parish, Dumfriesshire.

CHANNELKIRK, parish in extreme
north-west of Berwickshire. Post town,
Lauder. Length, nearly 8 miles ; greatest
breadth, 5 miles ; area, 14,191 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £8524. Pop. 607.
The surface is an assemblage of hills and
vales, among the Lammermoors, in upper
part of basin of the Leader. The hills are
mostly bleak and heathy, and the vales
comprise about 3000 acres of arable land.
Oxton village is in the south-east. The
parochial church contains about 300
sittings, and the public school has accom-
modation for 169 scholars.

CHANONRY, town and headland in
Rosemarkie parish, Ross-shire. The town
stands on the coast about ^ mile south-
west of Rosemarkie burgh ; took the name
of Chanonry from being the canonry and
bishop's seat of Ross ; and was united to
Rosemarkie burgh in the time of James
II., under the common name of Fortrose.
The headland projects east-south-eastward
to vicinity of Fort-George, contracts Moray
Firth there to a width of ly mile, and has
a ferry station and a lighthouse, the latter
with a fixed light visible at the distance of
11 nautical miles.

CHAPEL, any spot which is or was the
site of an ancient chapel, as in the par-
ishes of Bothwell, Crawford, Dirleton,
Kelso, Larbert, Dalserf, Lauder, Lillies-
leaf, Tynron, and New Kilpatrick.

CHAPEL, small village in Newtyle par-
ish, Forfarshire.

CHAPEL, village contiguous to Gateside,
in Neilston parish, Renfrewshire.

CHAPEL, village in Cambusnethan par-
ish, Lanarkshire. Pop. 414.

CHAPEL, village in Abbotshall parish,
Fife.

CHAPELDEN, place, with remains of
ancient chapel, in Aberdour parish, Aber-
deenshire.

CHAPEL-DERMID, place, with remains
of ancient burying-ground, in Row parish,
Dumbartonshire.

CHA

86

CHA

CHAPEL-DOCKIE, site of ancient chapel
in Monifieth parish, Forfarshire.

CH APEL-D ON AN , site of ancient chapel
in Girvan parish, Ayrshire.

CHAPELFIELD, site of ancient chapel
in Abbey St. Bathans parish, Berwick-
shire.

CHAPELFIELD, site of ancient chapel
and burying -ground in Edrom parish,
Berwickshire.

CHAPELFIELD, site of ancient church,
with remains of ancient burying-ground, in
Dunlichity parish, Inverness-shire.

CHAPEL-GARDEN, place, with remains
of ancient chapel, in "Wemyss parish,
Fife.

CHAPELGILL, mountain, 2282 feet
high, 5 miles south-south-west of Brough-
ton, Peeblesshire.

CHAPEL - GREEN, place, _ with public
school, in Kilsyth parish, Stirlingshire.

CHAPELHALL, town, 2 miles north-by-
east of Holytown, Lanarkshire. It stands
adjacent to extensive collieries, has exten-
sive ironworks, is quite modern and well
built, and has a post office under Airdrie,
a Free church, and a Roman Catholic
church. Pop. 1829.

CHAPELHILL, any eminence now or
formerly crowned with ancient chapel, as
in the parishes of Culter, Dundonald,
Kirkmahoe, Logie, Monedie, Muthil, Rob-
erton, Rothes, Rothesay, Tarbat, and
Trinity-Gask.

CHAPELHILL, eminence on the Clyde,
near Old Kilpatrick village, Dumbarton-
shire. It was occupied by the western
terminal forts of Antoninus' Wall, and it
has yielded many Roman relics.

CHAPELHILL, place, with United Pres-
byterian church, in Nigg parish, Ross-
shire.

CHAPELHILL, village in Monzie parish,
Perthshire.

CHAPELHOPE, hill on west side of
Loch-of-the-Lowes, on south-west border
of Selkirkshire. It has the site of an
ancient chapel, and is crowned with a
massive monument, erected about 1862, to
Hogg, the ' Ettrick Shepherd.'

CHAPELKNOWE, site of celebrated
chapel on Old Melrose peninsula, Rox-
burghshire. The chapel succeeded a Cul-
dee establishment, was erected in the
time of Malcolm in., figured as a great
resort of pilgrims, and was burnt by the
English in the time of Robert Bruce.

CHAPELKNOWE, village, 7| miles south-
south-west of Langholm, Dumfriesshire.
It has a post office designated of Dumfries-
shire, and a United Presbyterian church.

CHAPELKNOWE, site of ancient chapel
at west end of Leitholm village, Berwick-
shire.

CHAPEL-LAROCH, site of ancient chapel,
in Drymen parish, Stirlingshire.

CHAPEL-OF-GARIOCH, parish, contain-
ing the post office and railway station of
Pitcaple, in Garioch district, Aberdeen-
shire. Its length is 10 miles ; its greatest

breadth 5 miles ; its area 13,059 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £13,181. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 1923 ; quoad sacra, 1780.
The river Ury intersects the broadest
part, and the river Don traces the
southern boundary. The land is uneven,
but neither mountainous nor hilly. A
notable place is the battlefield of Harlaw.
The seats are Pitcaple, Pitrodie, Fetternear,
and Logie-Elphinstone ; and the antiquities
are a Caledonian stone circle, the hiero-
glyphic Maiden stone, the ruined Balquhain
Castle, and part of Pitcaple Castle. The
churches are 2 Established and 2 Free.
There are 3 schools for 388 scholars, and 1
of them and class-rooms for 200 are new.

CHAPEL-PARK, place, with vestige of
ancient monastery, in Ladykirk parish,
Berwickshire.

CHAPEL - PATRICK, site of ancient
chapel in Portpatrick parish, Wigton-
shire.

CHAPEL-RONE, site of ancient chapel
in Dalserf parish, Lanarkshire.

CHAPELROSSAN, bay and hamlet in
Kirkmaiden parish, Wigtonshire.

CHAPELSHADE, quoad sacra parish in
Dundee. It has an Established church
and a Free church. Pop. 5989.

CHAPELTON, village and quoad sacra
parish in middle ward of Lanarkshire.
The village stands about 5 miles south-
south-west of Hamilton, and has a post
office under Hamilton, an Established
church, a Free church, and a public school
with about 76 scholars. Pop. 721. — The
quoad sacra parish was constituted in 1875.
Pop. 937.

CHAPELTON, one of the villages or
sections of Cambuslang town, Lanark-
shire.

CHAPELTON, hamlet inGlenlivet, Banff-
shire. It has a post office under Ballindal-
loch and a Roman Catholic chapel.

CHAPELTON, hamlet in Borgue parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

CHAPELTON, place, with burying-ground
and remains of ancient chapel, in Inver-
keilor parish, Forfarshire.

CHAPELTON, property in Fetteresso
parish, Kincardineshire.

CHAPELTON, site of ancient chapel and
burying - ground, in Cumbernauld parish,
Dumbartonshire.

CHAPELTON, place, with ancient bury-
ing-ground, in Rescobie parish, Forfar-
shire.

CHAPELTON, site of ancient chapel in
Methlick parish, Aberdeenshire.

CHAPELTON, place, with vestige of
ancient chapel, in Leslie parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

CHARLESTON, southern suburb of
Paisley, Renfrewshire.

CHARLESTON, village in Glammis
parish, Forfarshire. ft

CHARLESTON,, village in Rathien parish,
Aberdeenshire.

CHARLESTON, village in Knockbaiii
parish, Ross-shire.

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CHARLESTON, village in Nigg parish,
Kincardineshire.

CHARLESTON, Deeside, Aberdeenshire.
See Aboyne.

CHARLESTOWN, seaport village on
Firth of Forth, adjacent to Limekilns, 4
miles west of Inverkeithing, Fife. It was
founded in 1778, serves chiefly for exporta-
tion of lime and coal, acquired a break-
water and great improvement of its harbour
in 1876, and has a post office, with all de-
partments, under Dunfermline, andapublic
school with about 87 scholars. Pop. 557.

CHARLESTOWN, Banffshire. See Aber-

LOUR.

CHARLETON, seat near Elie, Fife.
CHARLETON, seat near St. Andrews,
Fife.

CHARLETON, seat near Dubton railway-
station, Forfarshire.

CHARLOTTE (FORT). See Lerwick.

CHARLOTTE (PORT). See Port-Char-
lotte.

CHARNAC, lake in Eosskeen parish,
Ross-shire.

CHARNAN, sea-loch, with small harbour,
in South Uist, Outer Hebrides.

CHARTERHALL, seat in Fogo parish,
Berwickshire.

CHARTERS, all Southdean parish, Rox-
burghshire, the upper section of that
parish being Southdean-Proper.

CHARTERS CHESTS, oave in steep shelv-
ing rock on the Dee, in Braemar, Aber-
deenshire.

CHARTERSHALL, hamlet, with distil-
lery, 3^ miles south of Stirling.

CHATELHERAULT, ducal summer-house
in ravine of the Avon, within Hamilton
wood, near Hamilton, Lanarkshire. It was
built in 1730, has decorations in the style
of Louis Quatorze, and .shows a fantastic
fa9ade. The Duke of Hamilton bears the
French title of Duke of Chatelherault,
dating from 1548.

CHEESE BAY, natural harbour on north-
east of North Uist Island, Outer Hebrides.

CHEESE WELL, spring, long held in
superstitious awe, on Minchmoor Moun-
tain, 7^ miles west-north-west of Selkirk.

CHERRYBANK, village in East Church
parish, Perth. It has a post office under
Perth, and a public school with about 135

CHERRYTREES, seat in Yetholm parish,
Roxburghshire.

CHESTERBANK, estate, with site of
ancient camp, in Ayton parish, Berwick-
shire.

CHESTERHALL, seat in Cranston parish,
Edinburghshire.

CHESTERHILL, village in Cranston
parish, Edinburghshire.

CHESTERHILL, mound, with fine well
and site of ancient edifice, at west end of
Anstruther, Fife.

CHESTERLEES, place, with remains of
ancient camp, in Dolphinton parish,
Lanarkshire.

CHESTERPARK, place, with site of

Roman camp, in Newtyle parish, Forfar-
shire.

CHESTERS, seat on the Teviot, in
Ancrum parish, Roxburghshire.

CHESTERS, place, with remains of
Roman camp, in Fogo parish, Berwick-
shire.

CHESTERS, steep conical eminence, with
ancient camp, in Manor parish, Peebles-
shire.

CHESTERS, ancient camp in Kirkurd
parish, Peeblesshire.

CHESTERS, ancient camp of 5 or 6 acres,
in Bolton parish, Haddingtonshire.

CHESTHILL, seat in Fortingal parish,
Perthshire.

CHEVIOTS, broad mountain range, about
45 miles long, on mutual border of Scotland
and England. It culminates at 2668 feet
above sea-level on Cheviot-Proper, 13 miles
south - south - east of Kelso ; it consists
chiefly of domical or sugar-loafed forms,
amassed like clustering cones ; it is mostly
green pasture grazed by the fine-woolled
sheep called from it the Cheviots ; and it
includes many scenes of the tumult and
bloodshed of the Border raids.

CHICKEN, headland in Stornoway
parish, Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

CHIRMAT, wooded hill in Borthwick
parish, Edinburghshire.

CHIRNSIDE, village and parish in east
of Merse district, Berwickshire. The
village stands about a mile east-south-east
of railway station of its own name, 4|
miles east-north-east of Dunse ; occupies
the slope of a rounded, broad-based hill,
commanding an extensive view, and de-
clining to the left side of Whitadder
river ; consists chiefly of two streets, nearly
in the lines of the letter T ; and has a
post office with all departments, designated
of Berwickshire, a banking office, 2 inns,
Established, Free, and United Presbyterian
churches, and a public school with about
116 scholars. _ Pop. 939. — The parish
measures 3^ miles by 3, and comprises 5553
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £13,222.
Pop. 1516. The surface, with exception of
Chirnside Hill, is all a rich plain. The
seats are Ninewells and Mains. There are
2 schools with accommodation for 215
scholars.

CHISHOLM, large estate in Kilmorack
parish, Inverness-shire. It exhibits much
picturesque scenery, and includes a gorge
called Chisholm's Pass, presenting some
resemblance to Killiecrankie and the
Trossachs.

CHISHOLME, seat in Roberton parish,
Roxburghshire.

CHOARIC, island-in Loch Eriboll, Suther-
land.

CHON, picturesque lake, 2 miles long,
in Aberfoyle parish, Perthshire.

CHORRH, lake in Kincardine parish,
Ross-shire.

CHRIST'S KIRK, ancient parish, now
part of Kinnethmont, Aberdeenshire.

CHRYSTON, village and quoad sacra

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parish on north border of Lanarkshire.
The village stands 1| mile north-north-
east of Garnkirk railway station, and has
an Established church and a Free church,
2 public schools with about 252 scholars,
and a recent monument to Walter Watson,
author of ' Chryston Fair' and other poems.
Pop., of the village, with Muirhead, 721 ;
of the quoad sacra parish, 3179.

CILLIECHRIST, or KILCHRIST, ancient
chapelry in Urray parish, Ross-shire. Its
cbapel was the scene, in early part of 17th
century, of a dreadful tragedy, known as
the 'Raid of Cilliechrist.' The burying-
ground of the chapelry still exists.

CIR-VOHR, mountain-ridge in centre of
northern half of Arran Island, Buteshire.
It measures about 1\ miles in length, and
has a sharp, jagged summit-line, with at
least 6 peaks upwards of 2000 feet high.

CLACHAIG, place in Dunoon parish,
Argyllshire. It has a post office under
Greenock.

CLACHAN, Dumbartonshire. See Luss
and Roseneath.

CLACHAN, hamlet in Portree parish,
Isle of Skye. It has a public school with
about 27 scholars.

CLACHAN, hamlet in Farr parish,
Sutherland. It contains the parochial
church.

CLACHAN, hamlet in Penningham par-
ish, Wigtonshire. It contains the ruined
old parochial church, with burying-
ground.

CLACHAN, hamlet near Balfron, Stir-
lingshire. It has a United Presbyterian
church.

CLACHAN, Kirkcudbrightshire. See
Dalry.

CLACHAN, lake, emitting head streams
of the river Nairn, in tast of Inverness-
shire.

CLACHAN, narrow strait between Seil
Island and Lorn mainland, Argyleshire.

CLACHAN, Stirlingshire. See Campsie.

CLACHAN, village in Lismore parish,
Argyleshire.

CLACHAN, village in Kilcalmonell par-
ish, Argyleshire. It has a post office
under Greenock, and a public school with
about 58 scholars.

CLACHANHEUGH, rocky promontory on
west side of Loch Ryan, Wigtonshire.

CLACHBEN, hill-summit, 912 feet high,
in northern part of Jura Island, Argyle-
shire.

CLACHLAND, headland on north side of
Lamlash Bay, Arran Island, Buteshire.

CLACHNABANE, mountain, 1906 feet
high, with extensive view, in Strachan
parisb, Kincardineshire.

CLACHNAHARRY, village at mouth of
Caledonian Canal, about a mile west of
Inverness. It has a post office under
Inverness, a railway station, and a public
school with about 146 scholars. Pop.
277. Adjacent rocks gave origin to its
name, signifying ' Watchman's Stone ; '
were the station of a sentinel in the old

times to announce the approach of marau-
ders ; and are crowned with a pillar com-
memorative of a battle, in 14th century,
between the Munroes and the Clan
Chattan.

CLACHOG, headland in south-west of
Arran Island, Buteshire.

CLACKMANNAN, town and parish in
Clackmannanshire. The town stands 2
miles east-by-south of Alloa ; was for ages
the seat of the chief of the Bruces ; con-
tains an ancient, thick - walled tower,
believed to have been built by King
Robert Bruce ; is nominally the capital
of Clackmannanshire, but mostly super-
seded in that character by Alloa ; includes
a spacious main street, considerably edi-
ficed with mean houses ; and has a post
office under Alloa, a railway station, a
county hall, Established, Free, and United
Presbyterian churches, and a public school
with about 135 scholars. Pop. 1503. —
The parish contains also the villages of
Sauchie, Fishcross, New Sauchie, Kennet,
Westfield, and Forest Mill. Its length
is 6 miles ; its greatest breadth about 4
miles ; its area 9427 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £19,003. Pop., quoad civilia,
4518; quoad sacra, 2758. The Forth
forms the south-western boundary, and
the South Devon traverses the interior.
The land for about 1^ mile from the
Forth is rich, flat carse, and elsewhere is
partly valley, partly undulated slope, and
partly low hill. Coal and ironstone
abound and are largely worked. The
chief seats are Schaw Park, Kennet
House, Kennet Pans, Brucefield, Aber-
dona, and Kilbagie. There are 6 schools
for 811 scholars, and 1 of them and an
enlargement for 350 are new.

CLACKMANNAN POW, harbour on the
Forth, at mouth of South Devon river, \\
mile south-east of Alloa, Clackmannan-
shire.

CLACKMANNANSHIRE, county adjacent
to south-eastern parts of Perthshire. It is
bounded on the north by water-sheds of
the Ochil Hills, on the south and the
south-west by the Forth. Its length is 10
miles ; its breadth 8 miles ; its area 50
square miles. Real property in 1880-81,
£123,849. Pop., in 1871, 23,747 ; in 1881,
25,677. The surface adjacent to the Forth
is carse ; farther north is variously valley,
undulation, and low hill ; among the
Ochils is glen and brae, with fine sheep
pasturage. The only parishes are Alloa,
Clackmannan, Dollar, Tillicoultry, part of
Logie, and small part of Stirling ; the only
towns are Alloa, Clackmannan, Tilli-
coultry, and most of Dollar ; and the only
villages, with each more than 300 inhabi-
tants, are Coalsnaughton, Menstrie, Tulli-
body, Devonside, Fishcross with Sauchie,
and part of Causewayhead.

CLADACH, headland in south-west of
Islay Island, Argyleshire.

CLADICH, hamlet on east side of Loch
Awe, 10 miles north of Inverary, Argyle-

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shire. It has a post office designated of
Argyleshire, an inn, and a public school.

CLAGGAN, place, with public school, in
Morvern parish, Argyleshire.

CLAIG, ruined ancient fortalice on
Freuch Isle, in Sound of Islay, Argyle-
shire.

CLAIGEAN, bay on east side of Islay
Island, Argyleshire.

CLAIRINCH, islet near south side of
Inchcallioch, in Loch Lomond.

CLAISTRAN, seat in Orphir parish,
Orkney.

CLAMSHELL, basaltic cave, 130 feet long,
in Staffa islet, Argyleshire.

CLANYARD, bay and ruined baronial
fortalice in Kirkmaiden parish, Wigton-
shire.

CLAONAIG, rivulet in Saddell parish,
Kintyre, Argyleshire.

CLAONARY, village in Inverary parish,
Argyleshire.

CLARE, lake, 4 miles south-by-west of
Kinlochewe, Ross-shire.

CLAREBAND, village in Crossmichael
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

CLARENCEFIELD, village, 2 miles east
of Ruthwell, Dumfriesshire. It has a post
office under Annan.

CLARILAW, place in Wilton parish,
Roxburghshire. It has a public school
with about 58 scholars.

CLARKSTON, suburb of Airdrie and
quoad sacra parish, Lanarkshire. The
suburb stands considerably east of Airdrie,
is conjoint with Drumgelloch, and has a
post office under Airdrie, a railway station,
a church originally built as a chapel-of-
ease, and a public school with about 285
scholars. The quoad sacra parish contains
also a chapel - of - ease at Meadowfield.
Pop. 7073.

CLARKSTON, railway station, 4 miles
north of Eaglesham, Renfrewshire.

CLARKSTONE, seat in Polmont parish,
Stirlingshire.

CLARKSTON-TOLL, village near Clark-
ston railway station, Renfrewshire. Pop.
with Sheddens, 727.

CLARY, estate, with remains of man-
sion, in Penningham parish, Wigton-
shire.

GLASHBENNIE, large ancient standing-
stone and sandstone quarry, in Errol
parish, Perthshire.

CLASHCARNACH, small harbour, 3 miles
east of Cape Wrath, Sutherland.

CLASHMACH, hiU in Huntly parish,
Aberdeenshire.

CLASHMORE, hamlet in Dornoch par-
ish, Sutherland. It has a post office under
Dornoch, and an inn.

CLASHNESSIE, bay and village in Assynt
parish, Sutherland.

CLASKEN, lake between Glassary and
Loch Fyne, Argyleshire.

CLATCHARD, precipitous basaltic crag
a little south-east of Newburgh, Fife.

CLATHEY, village in Gask parish, Perth-
shire.

CLATHICK, seat in Monivaird parish,
Perthshire.

CLATT, village and parish in Garioch
district, Aberdeenshire. The village stands
10 miles south of Huntly, and has a post
office under Kinnethmont. The parish mea-
sures about 4 miles by 3, and comprises
5711 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£4101. Pop. 452. Some rising grounds
are in the north-west, high hills are in the
south, and a plain, with elevation of about
600 feet above sea-level, forms all the rest
of the surface. The church contains 290
sittings, and the public school has about
70 scholars.

CLATTERING BRIGGS, hamlet in For-
doun parish, Kincardineshire.

CLATTO, seat and hill in St. Andrews
parish, Fife.

CLAVA, place, with public school and
assemblage of ancient Caledonian stone
circles, in Croy parish, Inverness-shire.

CLAVEN, low hill-range in Dundonald
parish, Ayrshire.

CLAVERHOUSE, village and estate in
Mains parish, Forfarshire. The village
has a post office under Dundee. Pop. 120.
The estate belonged to Viscount Dundee,
the persecutor of the Covenanters ; and it
now has, on the site of his extinct man-
sion, a monumental structure in form of
a ruin.

CLAY, sea-loch in south of Lochs parish,
Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

CLAYBARNS, village in Newton parish,
Edinburghshire.

CLAYHOLE, suburb of Stranraer, Wig-
tonshire.

CLAYHOUSE, village in Borthwick par-
ish, Edinburghshire.

CLAYPOTS, castellated structure of 16th
century, about a mile north - west of
Broughty-Ferry, Forfarshire.

CLAYQUHAT, district of Blairgowrie
parish, Perthshire.

CLAYSHANK, old parish, now part of
Stonykirk, Wigtonshire.

CLEARBURN, quondam village in Dud-
dingstone parish, Edinburghshire.

CLEARBURN, small lake in Yarrow par-
ish, Selkirkshire.

CLEAT, seat adjacent to Pierowall
village, in Westray Island, Orkney.

CLEEKHIMIN, suburb of Carfin, Lanark-
shire.

CLEGHORN, railway station and seat 2|
miles west of Carstairs Junction, Lanark-
shire. The station is on the Caledonian
Railway, adjacent to deflection of the line
to Lanark and Douglas. The seat has a
picturesque, well- wooded park, containing
vestiges of a very large Roman camp.

CLEISH, village and parish in Kinross-
shire. The village stands about 3 miles
south-south-west of Kinross, and has a
post office under Kinross. The parish
measures 6£ miles in length, and 2\ miles
in greatest breadth, and comprises 6201
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £7028.
Pop. 498. The arable land lies from

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380 to 500 feet above sea-level ; and the
Cleish Hills, on the boundary with Fife,
rise to altitudes of from 1030 to 1215 feet.
The chief seat is Blair- Adam, and the chief
antiquity is traces of an ancient fort or
camp on highest of the Cleish Hills. The
church contains upwards of 400 sittings,
and the public school has about 37
scholars.

CLELAND, town on the South Calder, 3f
miles south-east of Holytown, Lanark-
shire. It has a post office under Mother-
well, a railway station, extensive iron-
works, a Free church, a Koman Catholic
church of 1877, and a public school with
about 195 scholars, and is near an Estab-
lished church projected in 1877. Pop., with
Omoa, 1503. Cleland House, in its vicinity,
crowns a cliff on the South Calder's right
bank ; and a large cave, said to have been
a hiding-place in the times of Robert
Bruce and of the Covenanters, is in the
cliff.

CLEMENT (ST.), quoad sacra parish in
Aberdeen. Pop. 7528.

CLEMENT (ST.), quoad sacra parish in
Dundee. Pop. 5682.

CLERKINGTON, seat on the Tyne, 1£
mile south-south-west of Haddington.

CLERKSTON. See Clakkston.

CLERMISTON, seat near Corstorphine,
Edinburghshire.

CLESHAM, mountain, 2662 feet high, in
north of Harris, Outer Hebrides.

CLETT, insulated rock, about 400 feet
high, adjacent to Holborn Head, Caithness.

CLEUGH, burn, traversing romantic
glen, and making fine cascades, in Sorn
parish, Ayrshire.

CLEUGHBRAE, hamlet in Mouswald
parish, Dumfriesshire.

CLEUGHEARN, a seat of the Earl of
Eglinton, on Calder river, in East Kilbride
parish, Lanarkshire.

CLEUGHHEADS, hill, with vestiges of
two Koman camps, in Applegarth parish,
Dumfriesshire.

CLEUGHHOUSE, burn in Keir parish,
Dumfriesshire.

CLIGKAMIER, lake, with island crowned
by Scandinavian tower, near Lerwick,
Shetland.

CLIFF, hill in Quarff parish, Shetland.
CLIFF, loch, 3 miles long, in Unst Island,
Shetland.

CLIFF, sound, 8| miles long, between
Burra Islands and Mainland, Shetland.

CLIFFDALE, seat in Shapinshay Island,
Orkney.

CLIFTON, mining village near Tyndrum,
Perthshire.

CLIFTON, hamlet in Kirkliston parish,
Linlithgowshire.

CLIFTON, hill, quondam village, and
ancient chapelry, in Morebattle parish,
Roxburghshire.

CLIFTON-HALL, estate in Kirkliston
parish, Linlithgowshire.

CLIFTON-PARK, seat in Linton parish,
Roxburghshire.

CLIMPY, coal-field in Carnwath parish,
Lanarkshire.

CLINTMAINS, hamlet in Merton parish,
Berwickshire. It has a post office under
Newton St. Boswells.

CLINTS, hill in Channelkirk parish,
Berwickshire.

CLINTS, lofty hill in Kirkmabreck par-
ish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

CLINTWOOD, quondam strong castle, on
Flight farm, in Castleton parish, Roxburgh-
shire.

CLIPPENS, seat in Kilbarchan parish,
Renfrewshire.

CLIPPENS-SQUARE, village in Kilbar-
chan parish, Renfrewshire. Pop. 674.

CLISHEIM. See Clesham.

CLOAK, quondam castle in Lochwinnoch
parish, Renfrewshire.

CLOBER, seat in New Kilpatrick parish,
Dumbartonshire.

CLOCH, small headland, with fine view,
at sudden bend of Firth of Clyde, 2f miles
west-south-west of Kempock Point, at
Gourock, Renfrewshire. A circular light-
house, 76 feet high, is on it, and shows a
fixed white light.

CLOCHAN, place near Fochabers railway
station, Elginshire. It has a post office
under Fochabers.

CLOCHCAN, hamlet in Old Deer parish,
Aberdeenshire. It has a public school
with about 135 scholars.

CLOCHFOLDICH, seat on the Tay, be-
tween Logierait and Weem, Perthshire.

CLOCHODERICK, farm, with ancient
stone 22 feet long, 17 feet broad, and 12
feet high, in Kilbarchan parish, Renfrew-
shire.

CLOCKSBRIGGS, railway station, 2£
miles north-east of Forfar.

CLOGHILL, seat in Newhills parish,
Aberdeenshire.

CLOLA, hamlet in Old Deer parish,
Aberdeenshire. It has a post office under
Aberdeen, and a Free church.

CLONAIG, hamlet in Saddell parish,
Kintyre, Argyleshire. It has an Estab-
lished, church and a public school.

CLONCAIRD, old seat, with modern
front, in Kirkmichael parish, Ayrshire.

CLOON, hill, 5J miles west-by-north of
Kinross.

CLOSEBURN, village and parish in
Nithsdale, Dumfriesshire. The village
stands 2^ miles south- south-east of Thorn-
hill, and has a post office under Thornhill,
a railway station, an inn, a mineral spring,
an Established church, a Free church, and
a public school with about 65 scholars.
— The parish measures 10 miles in length,
and nearly 1\ in greatest breadth, and
comprises 29,102 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £18,334. Pop. 1505. The Nith
traces most of the south-western boundary ;
the Cample most of the western ; and the
Ae most of the eastern. The surface near
the Nith is rich, low valley ; farther up is
slightly diversified arable plain ; in the
centre is an expanse of moor, partly

CLO

91

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reclaimed ; in the north is part of the
Southern Highlands, culminating on
Queensberry. A striking natural feature
is Crichup linn. Limestone abounds, and
is largely worked. Closeburn Hall is a
fine Grecian mansion, and Closeburn
Castle is a well-preserved ancient baronial
tower. Wallace Hall is a large notable
endowed school.

CLOSTERS, burn, passing site of quondam
ancient nunnery, in Olrig parish, Caith-
ness.

CLOUSTA, voe or bay in Sandsting par-
ish, Shetland.

CLOVA, quoad sacra parish on north-
west border of Forfarshire. It is united
politically to Cortachy ; it consists chiefly
of lofty portions of the Benchinnan Moun-
tains ; it includes an inhabited portion
about 4 miles long, and little more than a
mile broad ; it communicates by post with
Kirriemuir, 14 miles south-by-east of its
church ; and it has a small public school.
Pop. 105.

CLOVA, seat in Auchindoir parish, Aber-
deenshire.

CLOVEN, cluster of abrupt wooded emin-
ences adjacent to Forres, Elginshire. The
loftiest one is surmounted by a three-
storey octagonal tower to the memory of
Lord Nelson.

CLOVENFORD, village on Caddon rivulet,
3^ miles west of Galashiels, Selkirkshire.
It has a post office under Galashiels, a
railway station, and an inn.

CLUANY, lake about 6 miles long, and
an inn, about 25 miles south-west of Inver-
morriston, Inverness-shire.

CLUDEN, small river, formed by con-
fluence of the Cairn and the Glenisland,
and running about 7 miles east-south-east-
ward to the Nith at Lincluden, 1J mile
north of Dumfries.

CLUDEN, small village in Holywood
parish, Dumfriesshire.

CLUGGY, remnant of strong ancient
castle in Monivaird parish, Perthshire.

CLUMLY, lake in Sandwick parish,
Orkney.

CLUN, birth-place of Sir James Mack-
intosh, in Dores parish, Inverness-shire.

CLUNAS, place about 9 miles from Nairn.
It has a post office under Nairn.

CLUNE, eminences, with charming views,
in Carnock parish, Fife.

CLUNES, railway station, 1\ miles west
of Inverness.

CLUNIE, parish in Stormont district,
Perthshire ; averagely about 4^ miles west-
by-south of Blairgowrie. It contains
Forneth post office under Blairgowrie. Its
length is 8^- miles ; its greatest breadth 4
miles ; its area 11,384 acres. Keal property
in 1880-81, £8018. Pop. 582. The surface
comprises small part of Strathmore, and
part of the Lower Grampians ; ranges from
about 150 to about 1800 feet of altitude above
sea-level ; and includes about 2500 acres of
arable land. Loch Clunie, a little south-east
of its centre, measures about 2£ miles in cir-

cuit, and contains a beautiful islet with an
old castle belonging to the Earl of Airlie.
Clunie Craig is a mass of trap rock, about
600 feet high. The chief seats are Forneth
and Goudie ; and the antiquities are
cairns, tumuli, and vestiges of several for-
tifications and of 5 religious houses. The
churches are Established and Free ; and
the public school has about 142 scholars.

CLUNIE, rivulet, running about 10 miles
northward to the Dee, near Castleton-
Braemar, Aberdeenshire.

CLUNY, parish, averagely 14 miles west-
north-west of Aberdeen. It has a post office
of its own name under Aberdeen. Its
length is about 10 miles ; its breadth about
2 miles ; its area 9741 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £7527. Pop. 1298. The surface
is intersected by Torr bui'n, running north-
ward to the Don ; has mostly a warm dry
soil ; and to about four-fifths of its extent
is under cultivation. The seats are Cluny
Castle and Castle -Fraser. The churches
are Established and Free ; and the public
school has about 100 scholars.

CLUNY, seat in Marnoch parish, Banff-
shire.

CLUNY, estate in Rafford parish, Elgin-
shire.

CLUNY, place in Kinglassie parish, Fife.
It has a public school with about 143
scholars.

CLUNY CASTLE, seat of the representa-
tive of the chiefs of the clan Macpherson,
9J miles west-south-west of Kingussie,
Inverness-shire.

CLYDE, river and firth in south-west
of Scotland. The river rises on southern
verge of Lanarkshire, runs northward to
east base of Tinto, curves round north
base of that mountain, and goes thence
north-westward, past Lanark, Hamilton,
and Glasgow, to commencement of the firth
near Dumbarton Castle. The distance
from its remotest source to head of the
firth, measured in straight line, is 62 miles,
and measured along its channel must be
considerably more than 100 miles. Its
sources lie in central part of Southern
Highlands, at least 1400 feet above sea-
level ; its head-streams are numerous,
rapid, and well stocked with fish ; and its
course, down to Tinto, is mostly flanked
and overhung by bleak tame uplands, con-
sisting principally of silurian rocks. Its
run past Tinto describes a curve of about 20
miles between points only 1\ miles asunder,
and is slow and calm, on an average
elevation of about 572 feet above sea-
level. It then enters a region of sand-
stones and shales, becomes about doubled
in volume by influx of Douglas river,
changes suddenly into tumultuous
torrent, performs within 4 miles its
series of famous falls, makes there an
aggregate descent of about 300 feet, and
traverses there a succession of gorges and
defiles intensely interesting, alike to
students of geology and to admirers of the
picturesque. Its flanks, for about 12

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miles onward from vicinity of Lanark,
with average breadth of nearly 6 miles,
form a continuous graduated hollow, aptly
termed the Trough of Clyde ; have, on
both sides, successively haugh, rising
ground, and elevated plateau ; and are
so richly embellished with gardens, woods,
and parks as to be well designated the
Orchard of Scotland. The valley thence,
to a line about 7 miles below Glasgow, is
all a very slightly diversified plain on rich
\mderlying coal-field, relieved only by
2 hill-ridges in the near distance, and
various heights in the far horizon. But
the channel presents a marvellous change ;
assumes at Glasgow, for about 2 miles, the
appearance of a broad continuous dock,
crowded with shipping ; and has been so
deepened, widened, straightened, and
stone-embanked, all the way thence to
the firth, as to be practically a deep, long,
open bay, navigated by sea-borne vessels,
and as uniform as a canal. The banks, at
from 7 to 11 miles below Glasgow, are
closely overhung on the right by the
picturesque range of the Kilpatrick Hills,
and overlooked on the left by the ornate
reach of the Bishopton Hills, which ter-
minate the Clydesdale coal-field ; and then
they suddenly open on the right, around
Dumbarton Castle, into the long exquisite
vista of the vale of Leven.

The firth, in its first section, extends
about 8 miles in almost direct line with the
river's prevalent course from Lanark ; ex-
pands there gradually from a width of
about 5 furlongs to a width of about
3^- miles ; is flanked on both sides at
near distance by hill-ranges, with cul-
minating height of nearly 1000 feet ; and
splits at the lower end into the main
channel, striking to the west, and Gareloch
extending to the north-west. The main
channel, in the first instance, goes only
about 3 miles to the west ; sends off Loch
Long to the north, and Holy Loch to the
west-north-west ; has a mean breadth of
about 2 miles ; and at a line from Cloch
Point to Dunoon turns suddenly to the
south. ' The firth thence, for about 20
miles, expands to a width of about 5 miles,
sends off the Kyles round the northern
part of Bute Island ; contains on its east
side the islands of Big and Little Cum-
bray; and flings, from its west side, the
Sound of Bute, with continuation of the
long, diversified Loch Fyne. It then
becomes a gulf, averagely about 32 miles
wide, and from 45 to 48 miles long ; con-
tains, on its west side, the large island of
Arran ; curves on its east side, opposite
Arran, into the large semi- circular bay of
Ayr ; has in its middle the insulated lofty
cone of Ailsa Craig ; and merges at its
south end into the northward wing of the
Irish Sea. The several lochs, bays, and
shores of the firth are noticed in separate
articles.

CLYDEBANK, town on right side of the
Clyde, near Dalmuir railway station, Dum-

bartonshire. It is of quite recent origin,
was formed in connection with shipbuilding
works, and has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Glasgow, a quoad sacra parochial church
of 1875-76, a United Presbyterian church
of later date, and a public school with about
175 scholars. Pop. of the town, 1632 ; of
the quoad sacra parish, 2892.

CLYDE IRONWORKS, village near the
Clyde, in Old Monkland parish, Lanark-
shire. Pop. 670.

CLYDESDALE, popularly the part of the
valley of the Clyde within Lanarkshire, but
anciently either all that valley or the
entire basin of the Clyde.

CLYDESDALE-ROWS, village in Cam-
busnethan parish, Lanarkshire. Pop. 785.

CLYNDER, hamlet on Gareloch, Dum-
bartonshire. It has a post office under
Helensburgh, and an iron United Pres-
byterian church of 1881.

CLYNE, parish, containing Brora post
town and railway station, on east side of
Sutherland. Its length is 19 miles ; its
greatest breadth 7 miles. Beal property
in 1880-81, £5976. Pop. 1812. / The
coast is low and sandy ; the tract inward
thence is diversified and arable ; the central
parts are a picturesque assemblage of glen
and upland ; and the most inland section
is a mass of bleak lofty mountain. Much
of the surface is richly beautified by
Strathbeg and Brora rivulets, and by Loch
Brora. Chief objects are Castle Cole and
Craigbar. The churches are Established
and Free ; and there are 2 schools with
accommodation for 290 scholars.

CLYTH, harbour, headland, and ruined
ancient strong castle, 10^ miles south-west
of Wick, Caithness.

CNOC. See Knock.

COAL BURN, streamlet, running to the
South Calder, in Cambusnethan parish,

COALCRAIGIE, one of the Ochil Hills on
mutual border of Perthshire and Kinross-
shire.

COALSNAUGHTON, village, inhabited
chiefly by colliers, in Tillicoultry parish,
Clackmannanshire. Pop. 899.

COALSTON, seat on the Tyne, 2 miles
south of Haddington.

COALTON, village in Markinch parish,
Fife. Pop. 419.

COALTON, village in Kettle parish,
Fife.

COALTON, decayed village in Ceres
parish, Fife.

COALTOWN, village in Wemyss parish,
Fife. It has a post office under Dysart.
Pop. 422.

COALYBURN, side station on Dolphinton
railway, and colliery, in Linton parish,
Peeblesshire.

COALYLAND, collier village and coal-
field, in Alloa parish, Clackmannan-
shire.

COAT, ruined old castle on the Avon, in
Stonehouse parish, Lanarkshire.

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COATBRIDGE, town at convergence of
railways, and on Monkland Canal, 10 miles
east-by-south of Glasgow. It is entirely
modern ; it stands in the centre of many
ironworks, many collieries, and many
establishments connected with mineral
traffic ; it originated, and is maintained,
by the working of these ; it lies under such
clouds of smoke, and such glare of numer-
ous smelting furnaces, as give it, especi-
ally at night, a startlingly grim appearance;
it forms, not a compact town, but a nucleus
of good streets surrounded by straggling
diverse suburbs ; it comprises, within the
census limits, Coatbridge-Proper, Lang-
loan, Gartsherrie, and High Sunnyside,
but might be regarded as including also
some other edificed outskirts ; and it has
a head post office with all departments,
4 banking offices, 2 hotels, a conspicuous
Established church, 2 Free churches,
United Presbyterian, Congregational,
Evangelical Union, Baptist, Methodist,
Episcopalian, and Eoman Catholic
churches, and 2 public schools with about
666 scholars. Pop. 17,500.

COATDYKE, town on mutual border of
Old Monkland and New Monkland par-
ishes, between Coatbridge and Airdrie,
Lanarkshire. It has a post office, with
money order department, under Coat-
bridge. Pop. 1701.

COATES, lands, now partly occupied by
St. Mary's Cathedral, Melville Street, and
neighbouring places at west end of New
Town of Edinburgh.

COATES (WEST), quoad sacra parish in
west of Coates lands, Edinburgh. The
church was built in 1869, and cost £7500.
Pop. 5848.

COATS, one of the villages or sections of
Cambuslang town, Lanarkshire.

COATS, quoad sacra parish adjacent to
Coatbridge, Lanarkshire. Its church was
erected in 1875, and is large and hand-
some. Pop. 4150.

COATSHILL, eminence, with moat, in
Moffat parish, Dumfriesshire.

COATSHILL, seat near Blantyre Works,
Lanarkshire.

COATT, farm, with ancient Caledonian
stone circle, in Eskdalemuir parish, Dum-
friesshire.

COBAIRDY, seat in Forgue parish, Aber-
deenshire.

COBBLER. See Benarthur.

COBINSHAW, railway station, lake, and
village, near watershed between the Lo-
thians and Clydesdale, 18^ miles south-
west of Edinburgh. The lake was formed
as reservoir for feeding the Union Canal,
covers more than 500 acres, and has been
stocked with trout and salmon ova. The
village has a public school with about 70
scholars.

COCKAIRNEY, seat in Dalgetty parish,
Fife.

COCK-BRIDGE, place on the river Don,
in Strathdon parish, Aberdeenshire.

COCKBURNLAW, broad - based, lofty,

conical hill, three-fourths engirt by Whit-
adder water, in Dunse parish, Berwickshire.

COCKBURNSPATH, village and parish
in north-east corner of Berwickshire. The
village stands near the coast, 1\ miles south-
east of Dunbar, and has a head post office
with all departments, a railway station,
a good inn, an ancient cross, a parochial
church with 400 sittings, and a public
school with about 130 scholars. Pop. 233. —
The parish measures 1\ by 4f miles, and
comprises 12,652 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £12,051. Pop. 1130. The coast
begins at Dunglass Dean, on boundary
with Haddingtonshire ; extends 4| miles
east-south-eastward to within 2 miles of
Fast Castle ; includes the remarkable
features of Cove Harbour, Redheugh,
Siccar Point, and mouth of Pease Dean ;
and is all rocky, steep, and bold. The
interior includes part of the eastern or
lower Lammermoors ; is diversified by hill
and dale, and partly intersected by deep
ravines ; and consists mainly of arable
lands near the sea, and pastoral heights in
the centre and the west. Cockburnspath
Castle, about a mile south-east of the
village, belonged to the Earls of Dunbar,
passed to the Earls of Home, answers
somewhat to the ' Ravens wood Castle ' of
Sir Walter Scott's Bride of Lammermoor,
and is now a comparatively small ruin.
A Free church, designated of Cockburns-
path, is at Oldhamstocks village, in Had-
dingtonshire ; and a United Presbyterian
church stands at Stockbridge, about a mile
south-west of Cockburnspath village.

COCKENZIE, seaport town on the Forth,
about a mile north-east of Prestonpans,
Haddingtonshire. It includes the suburb
of Port-Seaton, exports large quantities of
coal, and has a good harbour, a post office
under Prestonpans, an Established church,
a Free church, and a public school with
about 170 scholars. Its hai'bour was a
private one, constructed in 1834 at a cost
of about £6000, and was about to be
improved and to acquire a breakwater in
1880 at a cost of about £11,000. Pop. 1612.

COCKLAW, burn in Walston parish,
Lanarkshire.

COCKLAW, farm, with site of ancient
round tower, supposed to have been con-
nected with a Roman station, in Currie
parish, Edinburghshire.

COCKLAW, hill in Mordington parish,
^Berwickshire

COCKLAW," one of the Cheviots, 1716
feet high, on the border of Scotland, 8
miles south-south-east of Yetholm, Rox-
burghshire.

COCKLE, long sandy ridge in Renfrew-
parish, Renfrewshire.

COCKLE, rivulet, running to the Forth,
at east boundary of Dalmeny parish, Lin-
lithgowshire.

COCKLEROI, hill, with extensive view,
If mile south-south-west of Linlithgow.

COCKPEN, parish, containing Bonny-
rigg town, part of Lasswade town, and all

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Hunterfield, Dalhousie, Poltonhall, Hill-
head, Prestonholm, Skiltiemuir, Gowks-
hill, Westmill, and Stobhill - Engine
villages, in Edinburghshire. Its length is
3| miles ; its greatest breadth 2% miles ;
its area 2950 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £21,071. Pop., quoad civilia,
4544 ; quoad sacra, 3431. The surface
is undulated, but looks to be flat, and
consists wholly of fertile land. Coal and
good sandstone abound. Dalhousie Castle,
a seat of the Earl of Dalhousie, is a chief
feature. Cockpen House, the residence of
the 'Laird of Cockpen' of Scottish song,
stood on a romantic spot near the castle.
The parochial church is a handsome
edifice of 1820, and contains 625 sittings.
Free churches are in Bonnyrigg and Stob-
hill. There are 4 schools with accom-
modation for 575 scholars.

COCKPOOL, remnant of old baronial
castle, in Buthwell parish, Dumfriesshire.

COCKS, burn, running eastward to the
Calder, in Lanarkshire.

COCKUM, rivulet, running southward to
the Gala, near Stow village, Edinburgh-
shire.

COE, rivulet, traversing Glencoe, and
entering Loch Leven, in Argyleshire.

COGRIEBURN, place in Johnstone parish,
Dumfriesshire.

COICH, or QUOICH, affluent of the Dee,
in Crathie parish, Aberdeenshire.

COIGACH, district of Cromartyshire,
bounded by the Minch, Loch Broom, Boss-
shire, and Sutherland. It is included in
Lochbroom parish, contains Ullapool vil-
lage, has a post office of its own name
under that village, measures 22 miles by
8, is mostly mountainous, and contains the
fine vales of Strathceannard and Bhidorch.

COIGNAFEARN, mountain near source
of Findhorn river, Inverness-shire.

COILA. See Coyl.

COILANTOGLE, ford on Vennachoir
rivulet, at effluence from Loch Venna-
choir, 2| miles south-west of Callander,
Perthshire. It was ' Clan Alpine's out-
most guard,' the place to which Boderick
Dhu led Fitz- James ; ■ but, for its use as
a ford, it has been superseded by a bridge.

COILSFIELD, seat, f mile south-east
of Tarbolton, Ayrshire. It was Burns'
' Castle o' Montgomery,' where his ' High-
land Mary ' served as dairymaid ; it be-
longed, in his time, to Colonel Hugh
Montgomery, who became Earl of Eglinton ;
and it is now called Montgomery.

COILTIE, rivulet, rising on lofty shoulder
of Mealfourvounie Mountain, and running
impetuously about 7 miles to Loch Ness, in
Inverness-shire.

COINICH, seat and streamlet in Kingair-
loch, Argyleshire.

COINNEAG, lake in Bosskeen parish,
Boss -shire.

COIRE, lake in Daviot parish, Inverness-
shire.

COIR-NA-FEARN, lake in Farr parish,
Sutherland.

COIR-NAN-URISKIN, large, deep, cir-
cular hollow, engirt by acclivitous lofty
rocks, on face of Benvenue, overlooking
Loch Katrine, in Perthshire.

COIRUISK. See Cokkiskin.

COLDBACKY, terminal part of mountain-
range, in Tongue parish, Sutherland.

COLDINGHAM, village and parish on
coast of Berwickshire. The village stands
3 miles north-north- east of Boston Junc-
tion, and has a post office under Ayton,
an inn, a Volunteer hall of 1872, interest-
ing remains of an ancient priory, a parochial
church, a United Presbyterian church, and
a public school with about 121 scholars.
Pop. 572. — The parish contains also
Beston, Auchincraw, and Coldingham-
Shore villages, and Houndwood and
Grants House hamlets. Its length is 8J
miles ; its greatest breadth 1\ miles ; its
area 24,021 acres. Beal property in 1880-
81, £32,579. Pop., quoad civilia, 3173 ;
quoad sacra, 1644. The coast measures
6| miles in direct line, but fully 9 miles in
line of sinuosities ; is all bold and rocky,
has numerous caves and fissures, and in-
cludes St. Abb's Head and Fast Castle.
The interior is mostly uneven, contains
lower terminal ranges of the Lammermoors,
and consists partly of fertile vales and
hollows, but largely of pastoral or barren
moorland. Coldingham Loch, with an
area of about 30 acres, lies about 300 yards
from the sea, and has an elevation of about
300 feet above sea-level. The seats are
Coldingham Law, Homefield, Templehall,
Press, Highlaws, Houndwood, Fairlaw,
Coveyheugh, Newmains, Berrybank,
Stoneshiel, Sunnyside, and. Benton ; and
the chief antiquities are vestiges of 2
ancient Caledonian camps, vestiges of 2
Boman camps, ruins of Fast Castle, and
traces or sites of numerous Border peels.
Established and Free churches are at
Houndwood ; and there are within the
parish 6 schools with accommodation for
scliol&rs

COLDINGHAMSHIRE, ancient district,
comprehending Coldingham, Eyemouth,
Ayton, and Aldcambus parishes, and
parts of Mordington, Foulden, Chirnside,
Bunkle, and Cockburnspath, in Berwick-
shire.

COLDINGHAM-SHORE, fishing village
in Coldingham parish, Berwickshire. It
has a public school with about 54 scholars.
Pop. 298.

COLDROCHIE, streamlet on boundary
between Bedgorton and Monedie parishes,
Perthshire.

COLDSTONE. See Logie-Coldstone.

COLDSTREAM, town and parish on
southern border of Berwickshire. The
town stands on high bank overlooking the
Tweed, 9J- miles north-east-by-east of
Kelso ; was the place of an international
truce in 1491 ; gave origin to the regiment
called the Coldsti-eam Guards, raised by
General Monk ; is near a ford of the
Tweed, crossed by many armies, both

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Scotch and English, in the international
wars ; gave interment, in the cemetery of
an ancient wealthy nunnery, to most of
the distinguished Scottish officers who fell
at the battle of Flodden ; presents a well-
built but irregularly-aligned appearance ;
and has a head post office with most de-
partments, a railway station If mile
distant, 2 banking offices, 3 hotels, an
elegant five-arched bridge on the Tweed,
a recent lofty monument to Mr. Charles
Marjoribanks, a Volunteer hall of 1872, an
Established church, a Free church, 2
United Presbyterian churches, and 2
public schools with about 279 scholars.
Pop. 1616. — The parish contains also the
village of Lennel, and measures about 4f
miles by 3^. Acres, 8320. Keal property
in 1880-81, £20,499. Pop. 2561. The
surface is flat and well cultivated. The
seats are the Hirsel, the Lees, Lennel
House, Milne-Graden, Hope Park, and
Castle-Law. There are 4 schools for 550
scholars, and 2 of them for 250 are new.

COLE CASTLE. See Castle-Cole.

COLFIN, railway station and glen, 3
miles north-east of Portpatrick, Wigton-
shire.

COLGRAVE, sound, 3 miles broad,
between Yell and Fetlar, in Shetland.

COLIGARTH, section of Lady parish,
Sanday Island, Orkney.

COLIN. See Collin.

COLINESS, headland, projecting into
Otterswick Bay, in Sanday Island, Orkney.
A very large ancient artificial mound is
on it.

COLINSBURGH, village, 4 miles east of
Largo, Fife. It has a post office with money
order and telegraph departments,designated
of Fife, a banking office, a good inn, a
United Presbyterian church, and a public
school with about 100 scholars. Pop. 366.

COLIN'S ISLE, islet in mouth of river
Cart, Eenfrewshire.

COLINTON, village and parish in Edin-
burghshire. The village stands on "Water
of Leith, 4 miles south-west of Edinburgh,
is small but charming, was the head-
quarters of the Covenanters' army on the
eve of the battle of Rullion Green, and has a
post office, with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Midlothian, a
railway station, a parochial church, and 2
public schools, male and female, with
about 130 scholars. The parish contains
also the village of Juniper Green, the
hamlets of Hailes Quarry, Swanston, and
Longstone, and most of the village of
Slateford. Its length is about 4 miles ;
its greatest breadth about 3f miles ; its
area 5640 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£33,595. Pop. 4347. The surface includes
Craiglockhart Hill, part of the Pentlands,
a winding reach of the ravine of Water
of Leith, arable lands at from 250 to 600
feet above sea-level, and a profusion of
groves and hedge-rows, and exhibits in the
aggregate a richly diversified appearance.
Chief seats are Colinton House, Bonally

Castle, Craiglockhart House, Comiston
j House, and Dreghorn Castle ; an in-
teresting new feature is Craiglockhart
hydropathic establishment ; and chief
things of antiquarian interest are the site
of Redhall Castle, and a road very nearly
on the line of part of the Roman road
from York to Carriden. A Free church
and 2 public schools are at Juniper Green ;
and a United Presbyterian church and a
public school are at Slateford.

COLLNTRAIVE, place on north side of
Kyles of Bute, south verge of Cowal,
Argyleshire. It has a post office under
Greenock, and is a place of call by
steamers.

COLIPOLE, village on Luing Island,
Argyleshire.

COLL, village in Stornoway parish,
Lewis, Outer Hebrides. Pop. 491.

COLL, island, 2 miles north-east of
Tyree, and 7 north - west of Mull,
Argyleshire Hebrides. It lies parallel to
Mull, and measures 13 miles in length,
and 3£ in extreme breadth. It was
formerly in the parish of Tyree, but was
constituted a separate parish in 1866.
Real property in 1880-81, £4181. Pop.
643. It contains the village of Arinan-
gour, and has a post office of its own name
under Oban. Its coast is mostly bold and
rocky ; its interior rises nowhere higher
than about 300 feet ; and its surface, to
the extent of about two-thirds, is barren.
Its chief residence is the seat of its prin-
cipal landowner ; and its antiquities are
a castle, probably built by one of the
Lords of the Isles, vestiges of 8 Scandina-
vian forts, and remains of 3 ancient
religious houses. The churches are Es-
tablished and Free ; and there are 3 public
schools with accommodation for 134
scholars.

COLLABOL, place, with post office under
Lairg, Sutherlandshire.

COLLAGE, village and parish in Gowrie
district, Perthshire. The village stands 8
miles north-east of Perth, and is near
Woodside railway station and Balbeggie
village, with post office under Perth. The
parish contains KinrOssie and Saugher
hamlets, and comprises 2927 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £3740. Pop. 409.
The southern section is flat, and the
northern one includes part of the Sidlaw
Hills. The chief seat and antiquities are
on Dunsinnan estate. The churches are
Established and Free. The public school
has accommodation for 103 scholars.

COLLAFIRTH, voe or bay in North-
maven parish, Shetland.

COLLAIRNEY, ruined ancient strong
fortalice in Dunbog parish, Fife.

COLLEGE, parish in north-east of Glas-
gow. Pop. , quoad sacra, 2409.

COLLEGE, hamlet in Duffus parish,
Elginshire.

COLLEGE, rising ground, crowned with
Roslin chapel, near Roslin village, Edin-
burghshire.

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COLLESSIE, village and parish in north-
west of Fife. The village stands 4J miles
south-east-hy-south of Newburgh, and has
a post office under Ladybank, a railway
station, an old Established church, a Free
church of 1876, and a public school with
about 146 scholars. The parish contains
also the villages of Ladybank, Monkston,
Edenton, Giffordton, and Kinloch. Its
length is 6 miles ; its greatest breadth
miles ; its area 8699 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £13,182. Pop. 1989.
The river Eden traces the southern bound-
ary. The land thence, and through the
centre, is flat, but in the north and north-
west slopes upward to a bordering range of
heights. The chief seats are Rankeilor,
Pitlair, Kinloch, Lochiehead, and Rossie ;
and the chief antiquities are remains of 2
castles, thought to have been erected for
defending the pass from Perth to Central
Fife. There are 3 schools with accommo-
dation for 516 scholars, and a class-room in
1 of them with accommodation for 100 is
new.

COLLIEMORE, lofty hill on boundary of
Blairgowrie parish, Perthshire.

COLLIESTON, estate in Dunscore parish,
Dumfriesshire.

COLLIN, field of battle between the
Scotch and the Danes, near Scone, Perth-
shire.

COLLIN, seat in Rerrick parish, Kirk-
cudbrightshire.

COLLIN, village, 3^ miles east of Dum-
fries. It has a post office under Dumfries,
and a public school with about 123 scholars.
Pop. 309.

COLLISTON, village, on romantic bay,
in Slains parish, Aberdeenshire. It has a
post office under Ellon, and is chiefly a
fishing place, but also a resort of summer
visitors. Pop. 421.

COLLISTON, village and quoad sacra
parish, 3^ miles north-west of Arbroath,
Forfarshire. The village has a railway
station, an Established church, a Free
church, and a public school with about 72
scholars. Colliston House, near the village,
is said to have been built by Cardinal
Beaton. The quoad sacra parish was con-
stituted in 1876. Pop. 659.

COLLOCKBURN, one of the villages or
sections of Cambuslang town, Lanark-
shire.

COLLUTHIE, old seat in Moonzie parish,
Fife.

COLMELLIE, place, with 2 ancient
Caledonian stone circles, on skirt of Mount
Battock, in Edzell parish, Forfarshire.

COLMONELL, village and parish in
Carrick district, Ayrshire. The village
stands on Stinchar river, 1\ miles south of
Girvan, and has a post office under Girvan,
an Established church, a Free church, a
United Original Secession church, and a
public school with about 132 scholars.
— The parish contains also the village
of Barrhill, and the hamlets of Pinwherry
and Lendalfoot. Its length is about 19

miles; its greatest breadth about 7 miles; its
area 47,490 acres. Real property in 1880-
81, £25,502. Pop., quoad civilia, 2191 ;
quoad sacra, 1132. The surface is an
assemblage of vales and hills, and rises no-
where higher than about 700 feet above sea-
level. The chief seats are Knockdolian,
Dalgerrock, Ballochmorie, Drumlamford,
and Penmore ; and the chief antiquities are
cairns, forts, and ruined Craigneil Castle.
An Established church is at Arnsheen, and
a Free church is at Barrhill. 6 schools
for 496 scholars are within the parish, and
1 of them for 60 is new.

COLMSLIE, hill in Melrose parish, Rox-
burghshire.

COLONSAY, island and parish in Argyle-
shire Hebrides. The island lies 4 miles
north-west of northern extremity of Islay ;
extends 8 miles north-north-eastward, with
extreme breadth of about 3^ miles ; rises
nowhere higher than 493 feet above sea-
level ; is partly fertile, but more largely
moorish and rugged ; contains the modern
mansion of the Macneills, and remains of
several ancient chapels ; and has a post
office under Greenock, and a public school
with about 34 scholars. A monument to
the late Lord Colonsay, a granite obelisk
fully 30 feet high, was erected on a head-
land on its east side in 1876. The parish
includes also Oronsay Island, almost con-
tiguous on the south. Real property in
1880-81, £3132. Pop. 395.

COLONSAY (LITTLE), small island in
mouth of Loch-na-Keal, west side of Mull,
Argyleshire.

COLPORT. See Coulpokt.

COLPY, hamlet and burn in Culsamond
parish, Aberdeenshire. The hamlet has a
post office under Insch.

COLQUHALZIE, seat on the Earn, near
Innerpeffray, Perthshire.

COLQUHINNY, place on the Don, 5£
miles east-north-east of Strathdon church,
Aberdeenshire.

COLSAY, small island, 8 miles north-
north-west of Sumburgh Head, Shetland.

COLTBRIDGE, suburban village on
Water of Leith, St. Cuthbert's parish,
Edinburgh. It communicates by tramway
with the city, and has a public school with
about 97 scholars.

COLTFIELD, railway station and hamlet
in Alves parish, Elginshire.

COLTNESS, village and quoad sacra
parish in Cambusnethan parish, Lanark-
shire. The village is suburban to New-
mains, and has extensive ironworks.
Coltness House, in its vicinity, is a large
handsome mansion. Pop. of Newmains
and Coltness town, 2682 ; of Coltness
quoad sacra parish, 2896.

COLTSTON, village in New Monkland
parish, Lanarkshire.

COLUMBA (ST.), quoad sacra parish in
Paisley. Pop. 1981.

COLUMBA (ST.), quoad sacra parish in
Glasgow. Pop. the Gaelic speaking in-
habitants.

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COLVEND, seaboard parish, with church
6 miles south-by-east of Dalbeattie, Kirk-
cudbrightshire. It has a post office of its
own name under Dalbeattie, and contains
Southwick, with a post office under Dum-
fries and a railway station. Its length is
nearly 9 miles ; its greatest breadth 1\
miles ; its area 18,666 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £12,488. Pop. 1281.
The coast is rocky, bold, precipitous, and
romantic, and has caverns and crevices
formerly used by smugglers, and supposed
to have suggested to Sir Walter Scott
some scenes and incidents in his Guy
Mannering. The interior includes part
of Criffel Mountain ; is mostly hilly, wild,
and pastoral ; and contains a number of
small lakes well stocked with fish. The
antiquities are a ruined castle, a vitrified
fort, and remains of two camps. The
churches are Established and United
Presbyterian. There are 5 schools for 394
scholars, and 2 of them for 190 are new.

COLZEAN, castellated seat of the Mar-
quis of Ailsa, on sea-cliff If mile north-
north-west of Kirkoswald, Ayrshire. 6
caves, one of them about 200 feet long,
pierce the face of the cliff.

COLZIUM, seat of Sir William Edmond-
stone, Bart., glen, and ruined castle, in
Kilsyth parish, Stirling.

COMARAICH, estate in Applecross par-
ish, Ross-shire.

COMBS (ST.), fishing village, 6 miles
south-east of Fraserburgh, Aberdeenshire.
It has a public school with about 131
scholars. Pop. 614.

COMELY BANK, suburban village, com-
prising chain of villas, in St. Cuthbert's
parish, Edkdmrgh.

COMELY BANK, village in Melrose par-
ish, Roxburghshire.

COMELY GREEN, small north-eastern
suburb of Edinburgh.

COMESTON, farm, with ancient battle-
field, in St. Cyrus parish, Kincardineshire.

COMISTON, seat of Sir John Forrest,
Bart., in Colinton parish, Edinburghshire.

COMLONGAN, ancient, strong, well-pre-
served baronial castle, in Ruthwell parish,
Dumfriesshire.

COMMONDYKE, village in Auchinleck
parish, Ayrshire. Pop. 1048.

COMMONHEAD, railway station, \ mile
north-east of Airdrie, Lanarkshire.

COMORE, reservoir, 16 acres in area, 24
feet deep, in Neilston parish, Renfrewshire.

COMPASS, hill, powerfully disturbing
the magnetic needle, in Canna Island,
Inner Hebrides.

COMPSTON, modern seat and ruined
ancient baronial fortalice, in Twynholm
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

COMRIE, town and parish in Strathearn
district, Perthshire. The town stands on
the Earn, at influx of the Lednock and
the Ruchill, 6 miles west of Crieff ; con-
sists of Comrie Proper on the left bank,
and Dalginross and Ross on the right ;
is surrounded, to a wide extent, with

remarkably picturesque scenery ; possesses
strong attractions for tourists and summer
visitors ; includes a principal street about
two-thirds of a mile long, and a six-arched
bridge ; and has a post office, with all
departments, under Crieff, a banking
office, a hotel, a public reading-room, a
spacious steepled Established church of
1805, a large Gothic Free church of 1881,
a handsome United Presbyterian church
of 1867, a public school with about 164
scholars, and an industrial school with
about 89. A branch railway from Crieff,
possibly with continuation to Lochearn-
head, was projected in 1880. The town is
notable for frequent earthquakes, but never
with any seriously damaging effect. Pop.
1038. — The parish contains also the
village of St. Fillans, and is 13 miles
long and 10 miles broad. Acres, 60,593.
Real property in 1880-81, £16,247. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 1726 ; quoad sacra, 1844.
The northern and southern boundaries are
formed by lofty mountain water-sheds,
with culminating summits 2922 and 3180
feet high ; and the interior is a many-
featured assemblage of mountain, glen, and
valley. The chief waters are Loch Earn
and the river Earn along the centre, and
the rivulets Lednock and Ruchill down
the flanks. The scenery, especially along
the centre, is surpassingly rich and diver-
sified. The views from Lord Melville's
Monument, LJ mile north of the town, and
from other elevated spots, are among the
most splendid in Britain. The arable land
comprises not more than about one -eighth
of the entire area, and has mostly a light,
gravelly soil. The chief residences are
Comrie House, Dunira, Dalhonzie, Aber-
uchill, and Ardvoirlich ; and the first and
second are seats of Sir Sidney Dundas,
Bart. The chief antiquity is the vestige
of a large Roman camp, adjacent to Dalgin-
ross. 4 schools for 364 scholars are in the
parish, and 2 of them for 75 are new.

COMYN'S CASTLE, extinct residence
of the Red Comyn, in Kirkmahoe parish,
Dumfriesshire.

CON. See Chon.

CONA, rivulet, glen, and mansion in
Ardgour, Argyleshire.

CONACHAN, loftiest summit of St.
Kilda Island, Outer Hebrides.

CONACHAN, pastoral hills in Fowlis-
Wester parish, Perthshire.

CONAIT, rivulet in Fortingal parish,
Perthshire.

CONAN, river and mansion in south of
Ross-shire. The river runs about 35 miles
eastward to head of Cromarty Firth ;
receives in its progress the affluents of Fan-
nich, Garve, Meig, and Orrin ; and affords
excellent salmon fishing, but is preserved.
The mansion stands near Conan-Bridge,and
is a seat of Sir Kenneth S. Mackenzie, Bart.

CONAN-BRIDGE, village on Conan river,
1\ miles south-south- west of Dingwall,
Ross-shire. It has a post office with money
order and telegraph departments, desig-

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nated of Ross-shire, a railway station, a
good inn, a five-arched bridge, and a public
school with about 112 scholars. Pop. 385.

CONANSYTHE, seat in Carmylie parish,
Forfarshire.

CONDIE, hill, adjacent to May rivulet,
and seat near Forgandenny, Perthshire.

CONDORRAT, village, 2f miles south-
west of Cumbernauld, Dumbartonshire.
It has a post office under Airdrie, and an
Established church of 1875. Pop. 620.

CONGALTON, barony in Dirleton parish,
Haddingtonshire.

CONGHOILLIS, ancient parish, now
called Inverkeilor, Forfarshire.

CONGLASS, affluent of the Aven, in
Kirkmichael parish, Banffshire.

CONHEATH, seat in Caerlaverock par-
ish, Dumfriesshire.

CONICAVAL, hamlet in Edenkillie par-
ish, Elginshire.

CONIGLEN, streamlet and vale in South-
end parish, Kintyre, Argyleshire.

CONINGSBURGH, hamlet and ancient
parish in south of Shetland. The hamlet
lies on the coast, 9 miles south-south- west
of Lerwick, and has a Free church. The
parish is now annexed to Dunrossness.

CONNAGE, fishing village in Petty par-
ish. Inverness-shire.

CONNEL, lake in Kirkcolm parish,
"Wigtonshire.

CONNEL, place adjacent to Connel Ferry,
Argyleshire. It has a post office under Oban.

CONNEL FERRY, strait in Loch Etive,
3 miles east of Dunstaffnage, Argyleshire.
It takes across the communication from
Oban to Appin, has an inn on each side,
gives name to an adjacent railway station
6 miles from Oban, and is swept by a tidal
cataract believed to be the Lora of Ossian,
and noticed in Sir Walter Scott's Lord of
the Isles.

CONNEL PARK, village in New Cumnock
parish, Ayrshire. Pop. 495.

CONRY, affluent of the Don in Strathdon
parish, Aberdeenshire.

CONTENT, north-eastern suburb or sec-
tion of Ayr, Ayrshire.

CONTIN, hamlet and parish in south-
east of Ross-shire. The hamlet lies on
Garve river, near influx to the Conan,
about 8 miles south-west of Dingwall,
and has a post office under Dingwall, an
inn, a parochial church, and a public
school with about 80 scholars. The parish
measured along roads is 33 miles in length,
and not much less in breadth. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £17,949. Pop., quoad
civilia, 1422 ; quoad sacra, 708. The
surface is mostly mountainous and sterile,
yet includes numerous glens and vales, and
is much diversified by lakes and streams. A
chief object is Coul, the seat of Sir Arthur
G. R. Mackenzie, Bart. Two quoad sacra
parish churches, 2 Free churches, and 2
schools for 138 scholars, are in the parish,
and 1 of the schools for 100 scholars is new.

CONTULLICH, burn in Aboyne parish,
Aberdeenshire.

CONVAL, hill, with vestiges of Danish
camp, in Mortlach parish, Banffshire.

CONVETH, estate in Laurencekirk par-
ish, Kincardineshire.

CONVINTH, old parish, now part of
Kiltarlity, Inverness-shire.

COODHAM, estate in Symington parish,
Ayrshire.

COOKNEY, quoad sacra parish, with
church and public school, 4J miles north
of Stonehaven, Kincardineshire. The
church contains about 700 sittings, and the
school has about 80 scholars. Pop. 1976.

COPAY, island in Sound of Harris,
Outer Hebrides.

COPINSHAY, island in St. Andrew par-
ish, Orkney. Pop. 5.

COPPERCLEUCH, place, with post office
under Selkirk.

COQUET, river, running about a mile on
south-east boundary of Oxnam parish,
Roxburghshire, but belonging everywhere
else to England.

CORAFUAR, mountain in Luss parish,
Dumbartonshire.

CORAH, vestige of ancient castle, a seat
of Lord Herries, in Kirkgunzeon parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

CORBELLY, roundish hill contiguous to
Maxwelltown suburb of Dumfries. It
commands a delightful panoramic view ;
has, on its east shoulder, an observatory
and museum ; and is edificed, on its town-
ward slopes, by new streets.

CORBET, renovated old Border tower
in Morebattle parish, Roxburghshire.

CORBIE, burn in Inverarity parish,
Forfarshire.

CORBIEHALL, farm, with vestiges of
Roman camp, in Carstairs parish, Lanark-
shire.

CORBIEHALL, suburb of Borrowstown-
ness, Linlithgowshire.

CORBIEHILL, hamlet in Balmerino par-
ish, Fife.

CORBIE POT, glen in Maryculter parish,
Kincardineshire.

CORBIE'S KNOWE, artificial mound, with
traces of ancient fort, on Lunan Bay,
Forfarshire.

CORCHINNAN, head -stream of Bogie
river, Aberdeenshire.

CORE, head-stream of the Tweed, in
Tweedsmuir parish, Peeblesshire.

CORE, one of the Ochil Hills, 2\ miles
south of Blackford, Perthshire.

COREEN, hill-range on northern bound-
ary of Alford district, Aberdeenshire.

COREHOUSE, modern mansion and
ruined ancient castle on the Clyde, adja-
cent to Corra Linn, Lanarkshire.

COR-ELLAN, islet in South Knapdale
parish, Argyleshire.

CORF, seat near Newburgh, Aberdeen-
shire.

CORFHOUSE, bay in Kintail parish,

Ross-shire.

CORGARF, quoad sacra parish around
sources and head-streams of the Don,
Aberdeenshire. It has a post office under

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Aberdeen, a military station, a church
with 350 sittings, and a small Roman
Catholic chapel. An ancient castle occupied
the site of the military station ; was for
ages a hunting-seat of the Earls of Mar, and
was burnt in 1551 by Sir Adam Gordon,
when 27 persons perished in the flames.

CORHABBIE, hill in Mortlach parish,
Banffshire.

CORICHBAD, deer preserve of the Earl
of Breadalbane, in upper part of Glen-
orchy, Argyleshire.

CORINAHENCHAR, bay in Torosay par-
ish, Mull Island, Argyleshire.

CORINESSIE, vale in Durness parish,
Sutherland.

CORKINDALE LAW, hill, with magnifi-
cent panoramic view, in Neilston parish,
Renfrewshire.

CORKRIE, bay in Kirkmaiden parish,
Wigtonshire.

CORLIE, loftiest hill-summit in Green-
ock parish, Renfrewshire. It commands
a rich, diversified, extensive view.

CORMIE, eminence crowned with Raith
Tower in Abbotshall parish, Fife.

CORMILLIGAN, lofty hill in Tynron
parish, Dumfriesshire.

CORMORANTS' CAVE, basaltic cavern,
224 feet long and 50 feet high, in Staffa
Island, Argyleshire.

CORNACHANTIAN, mountain in Luss
parish, Dumbartonshire.

CORNAIG, place, with public school, in
Coll Island, Argyleshire.

CORNAL, ruined baronial fortalice on
Moffat river, in Moffat parish, Dumfries-
shire.

CORNAMAUGH, lake in Kildonan par-
ish, Sutherland.

CORNCAIRN, village, 8 miles south-west
of Banff.

CORNCOCKLE, moor, 2 miles north of
Lochmaben, Dumfriesshire. A building-
stone is quarried on it notable for peculiar
fossil footprints.

CORNHILL, place, 12 miles north-east
of Keith, Banffshire. It has a post office
under Banff, and a railway station.

CORNHILL, seat in Culter parish, Lan-
arkshire.

CORNHILL, seat in Old Machar parish,
Aberdeenshire.

CORNIE, burn in Abercorn parish, Lin-
lithgowshire.

CORNISH, Like, 7 miles south of Straiton,
Ayrshire.

CORNTOWN, battle-field near Stirling.
It was the scene of the battle in 1297
commonly called the Battle of Stirling.

CORODALE, cave on east side of South
Uist Island, Outer Hebrides. It was, for
some days in 1746, the abode of Prince
Charles Edward.

CORPACH, village at south-west end of
Caledonian Canal, 1\ miles north of Fort-
William, Inverness-shire. It is the land-
ing-place for steamboat passengers, and it
has a pier, an Established church, and an
obeliskal monument to Colonel Cameron.

CORR, islet off mouth of Loch Swin,
Argyleshire.

CORR, lake, 5 miles long, adjacent, to
south-east side of Benclybric, in centre of
Sutherland.

CORRACHREE, seat in Logie-Coldstone
parish, Aberdeenshire.

CORRA-DHUN, vestige of ancient castle
in Canna Island, Inner Hebrides.

CORRAL, burn in Auchtergaven parish,
Perthshire.

CORRA LINN, second fall of Clyde, in
vicinity of Lanark. It occurs within a
picturesque amphitheatre, with maximum
height of 120 feet ; it includes first a fall
of a few feet, next a fall of about 30 feet,
next a cataract of about 90 feet, next a
grand final leap ; and it makes, in these, a
total descent of 84 feet.

CORRAN, rivulet, running to the sea, in
Jura Island, Argyleshire.

CORRAN, ferry across lower part of
West Loch Tarbert, Argyleshire.

CORRAN, ferry across foot of Loch Eil,
between Ardgour district, Argyleshire,
and Lochaber district, Inverness-shire.

CORRENNIE,hill-range,1578 feet high, in
Cluny and Tough parishes, Aberdeenshire.

CORRICHIE, vale on mutual border of
Aberdeenshire and Kincardineshire, 14
miles west-by-south of Aberdeen. It was
the scene of the battle in 1562 between
the forces of Queen Mary and those of
her antagonists.

CORRIE, coast village, 4J miles north
of Brodick, Arran Island, Buteshire. It
has a post office under Brodick, and a
small harbour with a quay.

CORRIE, ancient parish, now united to
Hutton, Dumfriesshire. Corrie Burn in
it is an affluent of the Milk ; Corrie Law
is a beautiful hill, with fine view ; and
Corrie public school has about 63 scholars.

CORRIE, hill in Kilsyth parish, Stirling-
shire.

CORRIE, place, with remains of ancient
Caledonian stone circle, in Rogart parish,
Sutherlandshire.

CORRIEDOW, glen in Kiltarlity parish,
Inverness-shire. A cave in it is said to
have been inhabited for some days by
Prince Charles Edward.

CORRIEDOWN, heights, with notable
cairn, in Rathven parish, Banffshire.

CORRIEMONY, plain, seat, and public
school in Urquhart parish, Inverness-shire.

CORRIEMUCKLOCK, place, with inn,
about a mile south of Amulree, Perthshire.

CORRIEMULZIE, burn, entering the Dee
3 miles above Castleton-Braemar, Aberdeen-
shire. It makes a beautiful snow-white
cascade within a wooded precipitous ravine.

CORRIEVRECKAN, tortured tidal cur-
rent, popularly regarded as a dreadful
whirlpool, in strait between Jura and
Scarba Islands, Argyleshire.

CORRISEL, seat in Penningham parish,
Wigtonshire.

CORRISKIN, or CORUISK, lake, about
3 miles in circuit, among Cuchullin Moun-

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100

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tains, Isle of Skye. Its scenery is dis-
mally wild, dark, and stern, and is
graphically described by Sir Walter Scott
in his Lord of the Isles.

CORRYARRICK, steep lofty mountain-
ridge, from vicinity of Loch Oich to south-
west end of Monadhleadh Mountains, In-
verness-shire. It is traversed, in zigzag
course, by the road from Fort-Augustus
into Badenoch ; and that road over it was
Prince Charles's route at commence-
ment of the rebellion in 1745. The height,
at highest summit, is 2922 feet ; at
summit of the pass, 1864 feet.

CORRYAUR, bleak barren hill-range in
Muthill parish, Perthshire.

CORRYBROUGH, seat in Moy parish,
Inverness-shire.

CORRYFEARN, hills in Eddertoun
parish, Ross-shire.

CORRYGILL, headland at south side of
Brodick Bay, Arran Island, Buteshire.

CORRYHABBIE, mountain, 2563 feet
high, 8 miles south-by-west of Dufftown,
Banffshire.

CORRYVARLEGAN, wild lofty mountain-
pass, on the way from Loch Hourn in
Inverness-shire to Glenshiel in Boss-shire.

CORSANCONE, hiU, 1547 feet high, in
New Cumnock parish, Argyleshire.

CORSBIE, seat near Newton-Stewart,
Wigtonshire.

CORSBIE, barony in Legerwood parish,
Berwickshire.

CORSE, seat in Forgue parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

CORSE, hill, 21 miles west-by-north of
Aberdeen. Numerous small tumuli and
remains of military works are on it, and
are associated by tradition with the closing
scenes of the career of Macbeth. Corse
Castle, in its vicinity, was built in 1581,
and is now a ruin.

CORSEDARDER, hill in Birse parish,
Aberdeenshire.

CORSEGLASS, place, with public school,
in Dairy parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

CORSEMILL, village, 3 miles south-east
of Paisley, Renfrewshire.

CORSEWALL, small headland, modern
mansion, and ruined strong ancient fort-
alice, in Kirkcolm parish, Wigtonshire.
The headland lies 2J miles west-south-
west of mouth of Loch Ryan, confronts the
North Channel, and has a lighthouse with
revolving light visible at the distance of
15 nautical miles.

CORSOCK, village and quoad sacra
parish in Kirkcudbrightshire. The village
stands on Urr river, 10 miles north of
Castle-Douglas, and has a post office under
Dalbeattie, an Established church and a
Free church. Corsock Castle is the ruined
seat of Robert Nelson, who figured pro-
minently among the persecuted Covenan-
ters. Corsock lake contains large trout,
and has two boats, but is preserved. Pop.
of the quoad sacra parish, 611.

CORSTON, hill -ridge in Kirknewton
parish, Edinburghshire.

CORSTORPHINE, village and parish in
the north-west of Edinburghshire. The
village stands 3 \ miles west of Edinburgh,
is a summer resort of Edinburgh families,
commands a charming view to the Pent-
land Hills, and has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
designated of Mid-Lothian, a railway sta-
tion, a second-pointed parochial church of
1492, a Free church, and a public school
with about 193 scholars. Pop. 952.— The
parish contains also the hamlets of Gogar,
Stanhope-Mills, and Four-Mile -Hill. Its
length is.about 4 miles ; its greatest breadth
about 1\ miles ; its area 3654 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £21,515. Pop. 2156.
Most of the surface is level ; but a ridge,
called Corstorphine Hill, extends from
the skirt of the village about f mile to a
wooded eastern crest about 474 feet high,
and commands there a superb view of
Edinburgh, and of the country eastward to
the German Ocean. The chief residences
are Corstorphine House, Clermiston,
Beechwood, Belmont, Ravelston, Gogar
House, Gogar Burn, and Gogar Mount.

CORTACHY, parish in north of Forfar-
shire, extending southward to within 3
miles of Kirriemuir. It has a post office
under Kirriemuir ; and it forms of itself
a quoad sacra parish, but is united politi-
cally to Clova. Acres of the united parish,
42,322. Real property in 1880-81, £7516.
Pop. 442. Length and greatest breadth
of Cortachy-Proper, 13 and 5J miles. Pop.
337. The surface consists mostly of a
portion of the Benchinnan Mountains, but
includes some meadow land along the
course of the South Esk. Cortachy
Castle, on that river, is the favourite seat
of the Earl of Airlie, and is partly ancient,
but chiefly modern. The parochial church
was built in 1829, and contains 650 sittings.
3 schools, with accommodation for 198
scholars, serve for Cortachy and Clova. See
Clova.

CORTES, estate with modern mansion
and ancient Caledonian stone circle, in
Ruthven parish, Aberdeenshire.

CORUISK. See Corriskin.

CORWAR, seat in Colmonell parish,
Ayrshire.

COSHEVILLE, place, with inn, 3| miles
north of Kenmore, Perthshire.

COSSINS, quondam old castle in Glam-
mis parish, Forfarshire.

COSTA, headland and hamlet at northern
extremity of Pomona, Orkney. The head-
land is the bold, precipitous, rocky face of
a considerable hill ; and the hamlet has a
public school with about 44 scholars.

COTBURN, hill in Turriff parish, Aber-
deenshire.

COTCHET, hill-ridge in Eccles parish,
Berwickshire.

COTHAL, place, with woollen mills, in
Fintray parish, Aberdeenshire.

COTHIEMUIR, hill, with ancient Cale-
donian stone circle, in Keig parish,,
Aberdeenshire.

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101

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COTHILL, lake in Slains parish, Aber-
deenshire.

COTTACK, village in Dun score parish,
Dumfriesshire. It contains the parochial
church.

COTTON, village in St. Madoes parish,
Perthshire.

COTTON, village in Dunnichen parish,
Forfarshire.

COTTON, two quondam villages, Cotton-
Ingliston and Cotton - Invereighty, in
Kinnettles parish, Forfarshire.

COTTS, lake in Urquhart parish, Elgin-
shire.

COUFFURACH, village in Enzie section
of Rathven parish, Banffshire.

COUL, seat of Sir Arthur G. R. Macken-
zie. Bart., near Conan-Bridge, Ross-shire.

COULALT, burn in Inveraven parish,
Banffshire.

COULALT, lake in Knockando parish,
Elginshire.

COULARD, hill in Drainie parish, Elgin-
shire.

COULAX, hill, 1407 feet high, in north-
west of Hoy, Orkney.

COULBEG, hill in Coigach district,
Cromartyshire.

COULBEG, mountain in Assynt parish,
Sutherland.

COULL, parish adjacent to north side of
Aboyne, Aberdeenshire. Its post town is
Aboyne, under Aberdeen. Its length is
about 5 miles ; its greatest breadth about
31 miles ; its area 9044 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £4007. Pop., quoad
civilia, 783 ; quoad sacra, 526. The
land is partly flat and partly a bordering
hill-range. Chief objects are an' ancient
Caledonian stone circle, traces of an
ancient chapel, vestiges of Coull Castle,
and ruins of Corse Castle. The public
school has about 83 scholars.

COULMONY, seat in Ardclach parish,
Nairnshire.

COULMORE, hill in Coigach district,
Cromartyshire.

COULPORT, village on east side of Loch
Long, 5 miles north-north-west of Cove,
Dumbartonshire. It was the place where
the Kibble Crystal Palace, now in Glasgow
Botanic Garden, was originally erected ;
it now contains many residences of wealthy
Glasgow merchants ; and it underwent
extension and acquired a pier in 1880.

COULTER, railway station, \\ mile
south-west of Biggar, Lanarkshire.

COULTER, small lake in St. Ninian's
parish, Stirlingshire.

COULTRY, village in Balmerino parish,
Fife.

COUMFELL, hill, 1009 feet high, 6
miles north-east of Langholm, Dumfries-
shire.

COUNTESSWELLS, seat in Peterculter
parish, Aberdeenshire.

COUPAR-ANGUS, town and parish partly
in Forfarshire, but chiefly in Perthshire.
The town stands near the Isla, on a small
affluent of that river, 12f miles by road,

but 15| miles by railway, north-east-by-
north of Perth; adjoins the site of a
Roman camp and vestiges of an ancient
abbey; dates from old times, and has
undergone much recent improvement ;
carries on linen manufacture and other
industries ; and has a head post office with
all departments, a railway station, 3
banking offices, a hotel and inns, a town
hall, a new water supply of 1874, Estab-
lished, Free, United Presbyterian, Original
Secession, Evangelical Union, and Episco-
palian churches, and a public school of
1877 for about 500 scholars. Pop. 2154
— The parish contains also the villages
of Balbrogie, Longluis, and Washington,
and measures about 5 miles in length
and from \\ to 2} miles in breadth.
Acres in Forfarshire, 184; in Perthshire,
4515. Real property in 1880-81, £1790
and £14,312. Pop. 265 and 228L The.
surface is part of Strathmore, bisected
by a ridge commanding a splendid view.

COURANCE, hamlet in Kirkmichael par-
ish, Dumfriesshire. It has a post office
under Lockerby.

COURTHILLS, mounds or rising-grounds,
formerly used as seats of justice, in Auch-
tergaven, Bellie, Cathcart, Dairy (Ayr-
shire), Lunan, Pettie, Rosemarkie, Tar-
bolton, and other parishes. That in
Rosemarkie gives name to a public school
with about 77 scholars.

COUSLAND, village, 3 miles east of
Dalkeith, Edinburghshire. It has a post
office under Dalkeith.

COUTHALLY. See Cowthally.

COVANT, burn in Hamilton parish,
Lanarkshire.

COVE, fishing village, 4 miles south-by-
east of Aberdeen. It stands near a large
cavern opening from the sea, and has a
post office under Aberdeen, a railway sta-
tion, a slightly improved natural harbour,
and a public school with about 69 scholars.
Pop. 464.

COVE, seat in Kirkpatrick-Fleming par-
ish, Dumfriesshire.

COVE, small bay, engirt by lofty cliffs,
and possessing a small harbour for fishing-
boats, in Cockburnspath parish, Berwick-
shire.

COVE, watering-place on east side near
mouth of Loch Long, Dumbartonshire.
It forms part of the police burgh of Kil-
creggan and Cove ; consists chiefly of
villas and ornate cottages ; and has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Dumbarton-
shire, and a steamboat pier. Pop. 432.

COVE-A-CHIARAN, cave, anciently a
residence of St. Kiaran, in Campbelton
parish, Argyleshire.

COVESEA, popularly CAUSEA, coast
village, hill, and skerries, in Drainie parish,
Elginshire. The hill has a deep, mural,
fissured, and cavernous sea front ; and the
skerries have a lighthouse, with revolving
light visible at the distance of 18 nautical
miles.

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102

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COVINGTON, village and parish in upper
ward of Lanarkshire. The village stands
about 11 mile north of Thankerton railway
station, and adjoins a ruined castellated
tower of 1442. The parish contains also
Thankerton village, with post office desig-
nated Thankerton, Lanarkshire ; and it
measures about 4 miles by 2f, and
comprises 5114 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £6295. Pop. 444. The Clyde
traces the eastern and north - eastern
boundary. Part of Tinto Mountain is on
the southern border ; pastoral uplands go
northward from it ; and arable and meadow
lands form the rest of the surface. The
only seat is St. John's Kirk ; and the
antiquities, besides the ruined tower at
the village, are 4 circular camps. Coving-
ton Mill was the place where the famous
Covenanter Donald Cargill was taken
prisoner. The public school has about
55 scholars.

COWAL, eastern district of Argyleshire.
It is bounded, except on the north, by
Loch Fyne, the Kyles of Bute, the Firth
of Clyde, and Loch Long ; contains the
sea-lochs Riddan, Striven, and Goil, and
the fresh water Loch Eck ; and includes
some low tracts of land, but is mainly
mountninous.

COWBRAE, lofty hill, with extensive
view, on southern boundary of Borthwick
parish, Edinburghshire.

COWCADDENS, city section in middle of
northern border of Glasgow. It sprang
from an isolated hamlet on the pasture-
common of the city ; was surrounded and
absorbed by the city's street extensions ;
is now a mixture of irregular and regular,
ill-built and well - built thoroughfares ;
presents a better appearance than that of
many second-rate manufacturing towns ;
and contains an arcade of 1852, a theatre,
the Free Church Normal school, a Free
church, and a United Presbyterian church.

COWCASH, natural harbour, about a
mile south of the harbour of Aberdeen.

COWDEN, coal-field in Dalkeith parish,
E dinburgh shire .

COWDEN, seat, 2J miles east-north-east
of Dollar, Clackmannanshire. It occupies
the site of an ancient fortalice of the
Bishop of St. Andrews.

COWDENBEATH, town, 5£ miles north-
east of Dunfermline, Fife. It has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Fif eshire, a rail-
way station, and a Free church. Pop. 2769.

COWDENHILLS, village in Carriden
parish, Linlithgowshire. Pop. 272.

COWDENKNOWES, seat and hill on east
side of Leader "Water, between Earlston
and the Tweed, in Berwickshire. The
hill is now bare and verdant, but was
formerly covered with brushwood, and is
celebrated in the song of 'The Broom o'
the Cowdenknowes.'

COWDONHILL, estate in New Kilpat-
rick parish, Dumbartonshire.

COWGASK, farm, with site of ancient

chapel, in Trinity - Gask parish, Perth-
shire.

COWGATE, thoroughfare, about 800
yards long, from Grassmarket to South
Back of Canongate, in Edinburgh. It
was originally a rural ravine, traversed by
an open road ; it became, and long con-
tinued, a densely and elegantly edificed
aristocratic quarter ; it is now a crowded,
squalid retreat of the poor, but retains
many defaced features of its former gran-
deur ; and it contains two Free churches,
a large Roman Catholic church, and a
Heriot school.

COWGATE, modernized ancient street,
running eastward to the line of the
quondam town walls of Dundee. Its port
or archway in these walls is notable for
the famous Wishart having preached on it
during the prevalence of plague in 1544.

COWGLEN, coal-field in Eastwood parish,
Renfrewshire.

COWHILL, seat in Holywood parish,
Dumfriesshire.

COWIE, small river, running about 9
miles east- south-eastward to the sea at
Stonehaven, Kincardineshire. It descends
from the frontier Grampians, often in
strong freshet ; and it is crossed by the
Caledonian Railway on a lofty fourteen-
arched viaduct.

COWIE, fishing village, 1£ mile north-
north-east of Stonehaven, Kincardineshire.
It dates from at least the time of Mal-
colm Canmore ; is near the vestiges of a
fortalice said to have been built by that
sovereign ; and has ruins of an ancient
chapel, which passed to Marischal College,
Aberdeen.

COWIE'S LINN, cascade of about 30
feet, on a burn running to upper part of
Eddlestone river, Peeblesshire.

COWLAIRS, railway station and depot
on Edinburgh and Glasgow line of North
British system, at deflection of the branch
to Helensburgh, 1^ mile north-north-east
of Glasgow.

COWPITS, village in Inveresk parish,
Edinburghshire.

COWSHAVEN, coast cave in Aberdour
parish, Aberdeenshire. It was Lord Pit-
sligo's hiding-place after the battle of
Culloden.

COWSRIEVE, hill in Peterhead parish,
Aberdeenshire.

COWTHALLY, ruined strong castle,
about 1J mile north-west of Carnwath,
Lanarkshire.

COXTON, small, square, turreted fort-
alice, south-east of Elgin.

COYL, small river, running about 10
miles north-westward to Ayr river, at 4
miles east of Ayr town. It has a cascade
of about 15 feet.

COYLTON, village and parish in Kyle
district, Ayrshire. The village stands 6
miles east-south-east of Ayr, and has a
post office under Ayr, a parochial church
containing 744 sittings, and a public school
with about 194 scholars. The parish con-

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tains also the villages of Craighall, Bank-
foot, Gadgirthholm, Knockshoggleholm,
and Joppa. Its length is about 12 miles ;
its breadth nearly 2 miles ; its area 11,584
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £20,947.
Pop. 3100. The river Ayr traces much
of the north-western boundary ; the Coyl
traverses the interior ; and the Doon
drains part of the south-eastern end. The
lower section is partly flat and partly
undulating ; the middle section contains
the Craigs of Coyl, rising to a height of 798
feet above sea-level; and the upper section
is hilly, rises to a height of more than 1100
feet above sea-level, and commands there
extensive views. About 8110 acres are
arable. Coal, limestone, sandstone, and
trap rock abound, and are extensively
worked. The chief seats are Sundrum,
Gadgirth, and Rankinston; and a chief
antiquity is a large stone popularly re-
garded as a monument of 'Auld King
Coil,' — a fabulous monarch from whom a
false tradition derived the names of Coyl,
Coylton, and Kyle.

CRACHIE, mountain affluent of the
Shochie, Perthshire.

CRAGGACH, glen, with millstone quarry,
in Reay parish, Caithness.

CRAGGANESTER, hamlet in Weem
parish, Perthshire.

CRAGGANTOUL, hamlet in Weem parish,
Perthshire.

CRAGGIE, lake in Tongue parish, Suther-
land.

CRAIBSTONE, seat on Buxburn rivulet,
Aberdeenshire.

CRAICHIE, village in Dunnichen parish,
Forfarshire. It has a post office under
Forfar, and a public school with about 137
scholars

CRAICK, hill, 1482 feet high, in Roberton
parish, Roxburghshire.

CRAIG, parish on east coast of Forfar-
shire. It contains Ferryden town, with
post office under Montrose, and Usan
village, and includes Inchbrayock Island.
Its length is nearly 6 miles ; its breadth
3 miles; its area 4371 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £10,824. Pop. 2589.
The mainland is partly a peninsula,
bounded on the north by Montrose basin
and South Esk river, on the east and
south-east by the German Ocean ; and
rises gradually from the north and the
east toward the south-west, till it reaches
an elevation of about 400 feet above sea-
level. The northward slope is ornate, and
commands a magnificent view ; and the
sea-coast is very rocky and partly preci-
pitous. The chief seats are Rossie, Dun-
ninald, and Usan ; and the chief anti-
cmities are vestiges of Craig Castle, a
strong structure, often mentioned in
Scottish history ; and the sites of another
old castle and an old fort. The churches
are Established and Free ; and the former
is a handsome conspicuous edifice with
800 sittings. There are 5 schools with
accommodation for 467 scholars.

CRAIG, estate in Madderty parish,
Perthshire. It once contained a village of
Craig, ranking as a burgh of barony ; and
it now contains the modern village of St.
David's.

CRAIG, seat and burn in Auchindoir
parish, Aberdeenshire.

CRAIG, seat in Kilmaurs parish, Ayr-
shire.

CRAIG, seat in Colmonell parish, Ayr-
shire.

CRAIG, quondam baronial fortalice in
Glenisla parish, Forfarshire.

CRAIG, hill in Troqueer parish, Kirk-
cudbrightshire.

CRAIGABODDICK, hill-range on mutual
border of Loth and Kildonan parishes,
Sutherland.

CRAIGACHROCHCAN, lofty bank and
bridge on the Aven, in Inveraven parish,
Banffshire.

CRAIGAIRIE, high moorish hill, 10 miles
north of Glenluce, Wigtonshire.

CRAIGALLEON, lake in Strathblane
parish, Stirlingshire.

CRAIGAMMEL, curious object on coast
of Wick parish, Caithness.

CRAIGANDARROCH, lofty hill in Glen-
muick parish, Aberdeenshire.

CRAIGANFHIACH, precipitous crag,
giving off a loud echo, in Fodderty parish,
Ross-shire.

CRAIGANOIN, hill and pass on mutual
border of Moy and Daviot parishes, In-
verness-shire. The pass was the scene
of what is called the ' Rout of Moy ' in the
rebellion of 1745-46.

CRAIGANROY, commodious safe harbour
in Loch Duich, Glenshiel parish, Ross-shire.

CRAIGBANK, village in New Cumnock
parish, Ayrshire. Pop. 302.

CRAIGBAR, steep rocky precipice, with
remains of ancient fortification, at side of
Loch Brora, in Clyne parish, Sutherland.

CRAIGBARNET, seat in Campsie parish,
Stirlingshire. s

CRAIGBEG, mountain in Durris parish,
Kincardineshire.

CRAIGBENYON, mountain, 3 miles
north-east of Callander, Perthshire.

CRAIGBHOKIE, lofty precipitous cliff
at narrow part of Loth glen, in Loth
parish, Sutherland.

CRAIGBINNY, hill, 3J miles south-east
of Linlithgow.

CRAIGBODDICH, lofty precipitous cliff
in Loth glen and parish, Sutherland.

CRAIGCAFFIE, old castle, transmuted
into farmhouse, in Inch parish, Wigton-
shire.

CRAIGCHAILLEACH, picturesque peaked
mountain - range, in vicinity of Killin,
Perthshire.

CRAIGCLEUGH, burn on mutual bound-
ary of Westerkirk and Langholm parishes,
Dumfriesshire.

CRAIGCROOK, seat on east skirt of
Corstorphine Hill, 2^ miles west of Edin-
burgh. It was long the residence of Lord
J effrey.

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104

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CRAIGDAIMVIE, islet off Keils Point,
in Knapdale, Argyleshire.

CRAIGDALLIE, village in Kinnaird
parish, Perthshire.

CRAIGDAM, village in Tarves parish,
Aberdeenshire. It has a United Presby-
terian church, and a public school with
about 94 scholars.

CRAIGDARROCH, seat and head-stream
of the Cairn, in Glencairn parish, Dum-
friesshire.

CRAIGDARROCH, seat in Contin parish,
Ross-shire.

CRAIGDHU, mountain in Port-of-Men-
teith parish, Perthshire.

CRAIGDHU, lofty seriated height, flank-
ing part of Truim river, Inverness-shire.
It was the gathering place of the Clan
Macpherson.

CRAIGDHULOCH, cliff, upwards of 1000
feet high, overhanging Loch Dhuloch, at
head of Glenmuick, on mutual border of
Aberdeenshire and Forfarshire.

CRAIGELLACHIE, hamlet, one -arched
bridge of 150 feet span, and bold rocky
romantic height on the Spey, 1J mile
north-east of Aberlour, Banffshire. The
hamlet has a head post office with money
order and telegraph departments, a station
at junction of Strathspey and Morayshire
railways, and a hotel.

CRAIGELLACHIE, bold rocky romantic
height on the Spey, adjacent to Aviemore,
Inverness-shire. The Clan Grant took
from it their war-cry, ' Stand fast, Craigel-
lachie.'

CRAIGENCALLIE, scene of successful
stratagem by King Robert Bruce, at head
of Loch Dee, in Minnigaff parish, Kirkcud-
brightshire.

CRAIGENCRUNE, hill in Creich parish,
Fife.

CRAIGEND, village in East Church
parish, Perth. It has a United Presby-
terian church and a public school.

CRAIGEND, village in Crosshill district
of Old Monkland parish, Lanarkshire.

CRAIGEND, hill in north-west corner of
Lanark parish, Lanarkshire.

CRAIGEND, lake and farm in Newabbey
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire. The lake is
small but beautiful, and the farm has a
large easily-moved rocking-stone.

CRAIGEND, seat in Strathblane parish,
Stirlingshire.

CRAIGEND OR AN, railway station and
steamboat harbour about a mile east of
Helensburgh, Dumbartonshire. They were
formed in 1880-82 at a cost of £50,000.

CRAIGENDS, seat in Kilbarchan parish,
Renfrewshire.

CRAIGENFEICH, place, with crags of
Osmond stone, in Eaglesham parish, Ren-
frewshire.

CRAIGENGAR, hill, 1700 feet high, with
very large cave, at meeting point of Lanark-
shire, Edinburghshire, and Peeblesshire.

CRAIGENGELT, estate, with seat and
numerous artificial hillocks, in St. Ninian's
parish, Stirlingshire.

CRAIGENGOWER, hill, 1086 feet high,
crowned with monument to Colonel Blair,
and commanding a grand view, in Straiten
parish, Ayrshire.

CRAIGENS CORE, mountain in Glen-
bucket parish, Aberdeenshire.

CRAIGFOODIE, seat and hill in Dairsie
parish, Fife.

CRAIGFORTH, seat and bold picturesque
wooded crag, about 1J mile west of
Stirling.

CRAIG GHARTIN, crag at west end
of hill-range commencing in Craigellachie,
near Aviemore, Inverness- shire.

CRAIG GIBBON, hill, crowned by ob-
elisk, in Auchtergaven parish, Perthshire.

CRAIGGIES, section of Rogart parish,
Sutherland.

CRAIG GOWAN, hill, overlooking Bal-
moral Castle, Aberdeenshire.

CRAIGHALL, two villages, New and
Old, about 2 miles south-south- west of
Musselburgh, Edinburghshire. Coal mines
are adjacent, and an Established church
for the miners was opened in 1877, and
contains 500 sittings. Pop. 1365.

CRAIGHALL, village in Coylton parish,
Ayrshire. A coal mine is in its vicinity.

CRAIGHALL, seat in Ceres parish, Fife.

CRAIGHALL, seat, surmounting lofty
cliff, on Ericht river, in Rattray parish,
Perthshire.

CRAIGHEAD, place in Campsie parish,
Stirlingshire. It has a public school with
about 108 scholars.

CRAIGHEAD, seat in Blantyre parish,
Lanarkshire.

CRAIGHEAD, headland in Firth of Tay,
near Newport, Fife.

CRAIGHOLM, residence in vicinity of
Burntisland, Fife. It was occupied for
several summers by Rev. Dr. Chalmers.

CRAIGHOUSE, place on Jura Island,
Argyleshire. It has a post office, with
money order department, under Greenock.

CRAIGIE, parish, averagely about 3J
miles south of Kilmarnock, Ayrshire. It
has a post office of its own name under
Kilmarnock. Its length is 7 miles; its
average breadth about 1^ mile ; its area
6576 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£10,752. Pop. 590. The surface is
mostly level and fertile, but includes some
pastoral eminences, one of them about 500
feet high, commanding an extensive view.
The seats are Cairnhill, Barnwell, and
Underwood ; and the chief antiquity is
the ruined Craigie Castle, once the resi-
dence of the Wallaces of Craigie. The
public school is new, and has accommoda-
tion for 100 scholars.

CRAIGIE, village and site of old castle,
in East Church parish, Perth.

CRAIGIE, village in Caputh parish,
Perthshire.

CRAIGIE, village and hill in Dalmeny
parish, Linlithgowshire.

CRAIGIE, hamlet in Belhelvie parish,
Aberdeenshire. It has a public school
with about 53 scholars.

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105

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CRAIGIE, hill in Leuchars parish,
Fife.

CRAIGIE, estate on the Tay, between
Dundee and Broughty - Ferry, Forfar-
shire.

CRAIGIE, lake, continuous with Loch
Loyal, in Sutherland.

CRAIGIEBARNS, hill, about 1000 feet
high, in northern vicinity of Dunkeld,
Perthshire. It has very striking and
diversified features, both natural and
artificial, and commands a rich, extensive
view.

CRAIGIEBURN, seat, with wooded
grounds, 2\ miles east of Moffat. It is
sung by both Burns and Hogg.

CRAIGIEHALL, estate on Almond river,
in Dalmeny parish. Linlithgowshire.

CRAIGIEHOW, hill in Avoch parish,
lloss-shire.

CRAIGIELANDS, modern village, adja-
cent to Beattock railway station, Dumfries-
shire. It has a post office under Moffat.

CRAIGIEVAR, mansion and hamlet in
Leochel parish, Aberdeenshire. The man-
sion is Craigievar Castle, a renovated old
structure, a seat of Sir William Forbes,
Bart. ; and the hamlet has a post office
under Aberdeen.

CRAIGIEVINEAN. See Craigvinean.
CRAIGINLENUE, mountain in Luss par-
ish, Dumbartonshire.

CRAIGLAND, burn on boundary of
Avoch parish, Ross-shire.

CRAIGLAW, seat in Kirkcowan parish,
Wigtonshire.

CRAIGLEA, slate quarry in Fowlis-
Wester parish, Perthshire.

CRAIGLEITH, great sandstone quarry
and new villa village, about 2 miles north-
west of Edinburgh.

CRAIGLEITH, islet, about a mile north
of North Berwick, Haddingtonshire.

CRAIGLIOCH, cliff, at romantic gorge of
Ericht river, 2 miles north of Blairgowrie,
Perthshire.

CRAIGLOCKHART, hill, seat, hydro-
pathic establishment, and Established
church, about 2 miles south-west of Edin-
burgh. The hill is wooded, partly basaltic,
and about 540 feet high. The hydropathic
establishment was opened in 1880, cost
about £45,000, presents a frontage of 280
feet to the west, and has fully 13 acres of
recreation grounds. The church was in
course of erection in the same year, and
serves for Slateford and Gorgie districts.

CRAIGLOCKHART, ruined strong lofty
tower, on Mouse rivulet, near Lanark.

CRAIGLUG, hill in Creich parish,
Fife.

CRAIGLUSCAR, hill, 2^ miles north-
west of Dunfermline, Fife.

CRAIGLUSH, lake in course of Lunan
river, in Caputh parish, Perthshire.

CRAIGMADDIE, estate, with modern
mansion, fragment of ancient castle, and
group of memorial cairns, 2£ miles north-
east of Milngavie, south border of Stirling-
shire.

CRAIGMARK, village in Dalmellington
parish, Ayrshire. Pop. 383.

CRAIGMARLOCH, village on the Kelvin,
at boundary between Kilsyth and Cum-
bernauld.

CRAIGMILE, seat near Kincardine
O'Neil, Aberdeenshire.

CRAIGMILL, village at south base of
Abbey-Craig, near Stirling.

CRAIGMILL, place in Rattray parish,
Perthshire. It has a public school with
about 79 scholars.

CRAIGMILLAR, ruined grand castle, 2|
miles south-east of Edinburgh. It dates
from unknown times ; belonged for many
ages to private parties ; was the prison
of a brother of James ill., and. the
residence of James v. in his minority;
became the chief country retreat of Queen
Mary ; and now, as a ruin, is large, strong,
well preserved, and strikingly pictur-
esque.

CRAIGMON, mountain on north side of
Loch Miulie,in Grlenfarrar, Inverness-shire.

CRAIGMONY, prominent rocky hill in
Urquhart parish, Inverness-shire.

CRAIGMORE, seat near Ascog, Isle of
Bute.

CRAIGMORE, mountain, 2306 feet high,
14 miles north-north-east of Lairg, Suther-
land.

CRAIGMORE, precipitous hill, flanking
part of Aberfoyle vale, in Aberfoyle par-
ish, Perthshire.

CRAIG-NA-COHELIG, great mural crag
at side of Loch Lubnaig, Perthshire.

CRAIG -NA-FEILE, insulated natural
pillar, looking like a statue, near Loch
Staffin, Isle of Skye.

CRAIGNAIR, hill, with granite quarry,
in Buittle parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

CRAIGNEIL, ruined ancient fortalice,
believed to have been a retreat of King
Robert Bruce, in Colmonell parish, Ayr-
shire.

CRAIGNETHAN, ruined ancient castle,
on Nethan river, about a mile from the
Clyde, in Lesmahagow parish, Lanarkshire.
It was built by an ancestor of the Duke of
Hamilton; figured long as both a noble
residence and a strong fort ; is said to
have been inhabited by Queen Mary for
several days, on the eve of the battle of
Langside ; suffered removal of most of its
walls for erection of neighbouring build-
ings ; and, as depicted by his imagination,
was Sir Walter Scott's ' Tillietudlem
Castle ' in his Old Mortality.

CRAIGNEUK, town, about £ mile east of
Motherwell, Lanarkshire. It has a public
school with about 450 scholars, and is near
an excellent flagstone quarry.

CRAIGNISDALE, hill in Kilmuir parish,
Isle of Skye. It is partly precipi-
tous and basaltic, has a height of about
1000 feet, and is crowned by the Quir-
aing.

CRAIGNISH, sea-loch and parish in Lorn
district, Argyleshire. The loch opens from
lower part of Loch Crinan ; extends 6 miles

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106

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to the north-east ; has a width of from 3 miles
at the mouth to 7 furlongs near the head ;
and is sprinkled with numerous islands,
islets, and rocks. The parish comprises a
peninsula, widening from a point to 2j
miles between the loch and Jura Sound ;
extends thence to a total length of about
11 miles ; and has an average breadth of
about 2 miles. Its post town is Crinan,
under Lochgilphead. Real property in
1880-81, £3950. Pop. 451. The surface
is partly flat, partly rugged, and partly an
assemblage of moors and hills, with ex-
treme altitude of about 700 feet. # The
seats are Barbreck, Dail, and Craignish
Castle, the last variously ancient and
modern, notable for resisting a long siege
by Colkitto ; and the antiquities include
vestiges of eleven Scandinavian forts and
remains of two religious houses. The
church contains 500 sittings, and the public
school has about 71 scholars.

CRAIGNISTON, hill and burn in Fordoun
parish, Kincardineshire.

CRAIGNURE, small bay and hamlet on
east side of Mull Island, Argyleshire.
The bay goes inward from Duart Castle ;
and the hamlet lies near its head, and
has a post office under Oban, an inn, and a
church.

CRAIGO, village and seat on the North
Esk, 21j miles north-east of Forfar. The
village is a seat of manufacture, and has a
railway station, and a public school with
about 110 scholars. Pop. 124.

CRAIGOBNEY, hill in Auchtergaven
parish, Perthshire.

CRAIGOCH, burn in Portpatrick parish,
"Wigtonshire.

CRAIGOWL, hill, 1100 feet high, in
Tealing parish, Forfarshire. It is one of
the loftiest of the Sidlaws.

CRAIG-PHADRICK, hill, 1150 feet high,
2 miles west of Inverness. It commences
the north-west hill-flank of the Great
Glen ; has wooded acclivities, rocky escarp-
ments, and a tabular summit ; is crowned
by a large, oblong, double-walled vit-
rified fort ; and commands an extensive
view.

CRAIGROSSIE, mountain, culminating
4 miles east-south-east of Auchterarder,
Perthshire. It has a height of 2359 feet
above sea-level, and is one of the most pro-
minent of the Ochils.

CRAIGROTHIE, village, 2 miles west of
Ceres, Fife.

CRAIGROWNIE, quoad sacra parish, with
church between Kilcreggan and Cove, on
Roseneath peninsula, Dumbartonshire.
Pop. 1136.

CRAIGROYSTON, cave on east side of
Loch Lomond, 1| mile north of Inversnaid.
It is said to have given shelter to King
Robert Bruce, and to have been used by
Rob Roy for holding council with his sub-
alterns ; and it is often called Rob Roy's
Cave.

CRAIGS, village at boundary between
Polinont and Muiravonside parishes,

Stirlingshire. Pop. with Compthall and
Rumford, 314.

CRAIGS, place near Old Kilpatrick,
Dumbartonshire. It has a United Presby-
terian church.

CRAIGS, estate in "YVesterkirk parish,
Dumfriesshire.

CRAIGSIMMY, hill in Creich parish, Fife.

CRAIGS OF KYLE. See Coylton.

CRAIGSPARROW, hill in Newburgh
parish, Fife.

CRAIGSTON, castellated seat in King-
Edward parish, Aberdeenshire.

CRAIGSTON, place in Barra parish,
Outer Hebrides. It has a public school
with about 56 scholars.

CRAIGTHORNHILL, seat in Glassford
parish, Lanarkshire.

CRAIGTON, village in Monikie parish,
Forfarshire. It has a post office under
Carnoustie.

CRAIGTON, place within Peterhead
burgh, Aberdeenshire. It has a public
school with about 142 scholars.

CRAIGTON, place in New Kilpatrick
parish, Dumbartonshire. It has a public
school with about 56 scholars.

CRAIGTON, seat near the railway, west
of Pollockshields, Renfrewshire.

CRAIGTON, estate in Abercorn parish,
Linlithgowshire.

CRAIGTURRAH, acclivitous hill in
Tynron parish, Dumfriesshire.

CRAIGVINEAN, long rugged wooded
hill-ridge in Little Dunkeld parish, Perth-
shire. It figures prominently in the grand
scenery around Dunkeld, and commands
extensive views.

CRAIKMOOR, hill in Roberton parish,
Roxburghshire.

CRAIL, town and parish in south-east
corner of Fife. The town stands on the
coast, 4 miles east-north-east of An-
struther ; is a seaport and a royal burgh,
uniting with St. Andrews and 5 other Fife
burghs in sending a member to Parliament ;
had anciently a royal castle, inhabited by
David I. ; retains in many of its houses an
antique aspect ; contains an ancient fine
Gothic church, famous as the place where
John Knox preached the sermon which
created the popular rush against the
monasteries ; figures more in fisheries than
in commerce or manufactures ; and has a
post office with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Fifeshire, a
banking office, a public library, some ruins of
an ancient priory, a Free church, a United
Presbyterian church, and 2 public schools
with about 263 scholars. Real property in
1880-81, £3441. Pop. 1145.— The parish
includes Fifeness, has about 4 miles of
coast, and measures 6 miles in length, and
about 2| miles in extreme breadth. Acres,
6383. Real property of landward part in
1880-81, £11,766. Pop. of the whole, 1752.
The coast is mostly bold and rocky ; and the
interior rises abruptly thence to elevations
of from 20 to 80 feet, swells gradually
thence to the west, and has a prevailingly

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flat and naked appearance. The seats are
Airdrie, Kingsmuir, Kirkmay, Wormi-
stone, and Balcomie ; and a curious object
is a dry-stone dyke about ^ mile in length,
enclosing a triangular space at Fifeness,
and traditionally alleged to have been con-
structed by the Danes.

CRAILING, village and parish' in north
centre of Roxburghshire. The village
stands on Oxnam rivulet, 4 miles north-
east of Jedburgh, and has a post office
under Kelso, a parochial church, a Free
church, and a public school with about
71 scholars. — The parish contains also
the village and railway station of Nisbet,
is bisected by the Teviot, and measures
about 4 by 3f miles. Acres, 9997. Real
property in 1880-81, £10,156. Pop. 638.
The land is mostly fine valley, rising gently
from both sides of the Teviot, but includes
Penielheugh Hill, with its surmounting
conspicuous monument. The chief re-
sidences are Crailing House and the Mar-
quis of Lothian's seat of Mounteviot.

CRAILSTON, seat in Newhills parish,
Aberdeenshire.

CRAMMAG, headland in Kirkmaiden
parish, Wigtonshire.

CRAMOND, village and island in
Edinburghshire, and parish partly also in
Linlithgowshire. The village stands on
the coast at mouth of Almond river, 5|
miles west-north-west of Edinburgh ; oc-
cupies the site of a Roman station ; and
has a post office under Cramond-Bridge,
a small harbour, ' a cruciform parochial
church of 1656, a burying-ground in which
an ancient Runic ring was recently found,
and a public school with about 95 scholars.
Pop. 952. — The island lies -f mile north-
north-east of the village, is accessible on
foot at low water, comprises about 19 acres,
and is pastured by sheep. — The parish con-
tains also Granton, Davidson's Mains, and
Wardie villages, Cramond-Bridge hamlet,
and small part of Leith burgh. Its length
is 6 miles ; its greatest breadth 2 miles ;
its area 4747 acres in Edinburghshire, and
530 in Linlithgowshire. Real property
in 1880-81, £38,870 and £969. Pop. 2877
and 84. The Almond runs between the
Edinburghshire and the Linlithgowshire
sections, and has here finely embellished
banks. The land includes part of Corstor-
phine Hill, is elsewhere either flat or
undulating, possesses a large aggregate of
wood, and presents on the whole a very
rich appearance. Ironstone and coal are
found, and iron is forged at works on the
Almond. Chief residences are Barnton
House, Cramond House, Caroline Park,
Lauriston Castle, Craigcrook, New Saugh-
ton, Braehead, and numerous other
mansions and villas. An Established
church is at Granton, and Free churches
are at Davidson's Mains and Wardie. 6
schools for 483 scholars are in the parish,
and 1 of them for 114 is new.

CRAMOND-BRIDGE, hamlet on Almond
river, 6 miles west-by-north of Edinburgh.

It has a post office designated of Mid-
lothian, and a hotel.

CRAMOND - REGIS, ancient hunting-
seat of the kings of Scotland, on ground
now occupied by Barnton House, in
Cramond parish, Edinburghshire.

CRANE, lake in Dunsyre parish, Lanark-
shire. It lies amid moors and marshes at
about 800 feet above sea-level.

CRANNICH, section of Weem parish, on
north-west side of Loch Tay, Perthshire.

CRANSHAW, hill in Houna*m parish,
Roxburghshire.

CRANSHAWS, parish on north border of
Berwickshire, with church 8 miles north-
west of Dunse. It has a post office under
Dunse. It consists of two sections lying
from f mile to 2\ miles apart ; it measures
nearly 6 miles from end to end ; and it
comprises 8708 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £2484. Pop. 106. The surface
lies all among the Lammermoors, has
summits from 1049 to 1522 feet high, and
includes only about 900 acres of cultivated
land. Cranshaws Castle is a modernized
ancient fortalice, and may have been the
' Ravens wood Castle ' of Sir Walter Scott's
Bride of Lammermoor. The public school
has about 56 scholars.

CRANSTON, parish, containing the post
office village of Cousland, the villages of
Preston, Chesterhill, and Sauchanside, and
part of the post office village of Ford, on
east border of Edinburghshire. Its length
is 5 miles ; its greatest breadth 3 miles ;
its area 5100 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £9178. Pop. 998. The surface
is uneven but not hilly, and presents a
cultivated, embellished, and beautiful
appearance. Coal, limestone, and sand-
stone abound. Chief objects are Oxen-
ford Castle and Prestonhall, the former a
seat of the Earl of Stair. The parochial
church is a handsome Gothic edifice of
1826 ; a United Presbyterian church is at
Ford ; and the public school has about 156
scholars. Cranston gave the peerage title
of baron to a family of its own name from
1609 till 1869.

CRANSTONHILL, eminence on right
bank of the Clyde, immediately above
Glasgow. It gave name to waterworks
constructed in 1806.

CRANYARD, hill in Kingoldrum parish,
Forfarshire.

CRASK, hill in Loth parish, Sutherland.

CRASPUL, lake in Durness parish,
Sutherland.

CRATHES, hamlet and mansion, 3 miles
east of Banchory, Kincardineshire. The
hamlet has a post office under Aberdeen,
a railway station, and a public school with
about 70 scholars. The mansion is the
seat of Sir Robert Burnett, Bart., and is a
castellated, stately ancient edifice, figuring
in the old ballad of the ' Baron o' Leys. '

CRATHIE, parish in extreme south-
west of Aberdeenshire. It has a post
office of its own name under Aberdeen,
and contains the villages of Auchendryne

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108

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and Castleton - Braemar, and the royal
seat of Balmoral Castle. Its length is 28
miles ; its greatest breadth 15 miles ; its
area 182,257 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £14,430. Pop., quoad civilia,
1611 ; quoad sacra, 735. The entire area
is the upper part of the basin of the Dee ;
the boundary all round, except on the east,
is an alpine watershed ; the section around
the Dee's sources includes a main portion
of Cairngorm Mountains ; and the rest of
the surface is an imposing assemblage of
lofty upland, picturesque crag, deep glen,
and ornate valley. Not less than about
10,500 acres are under wood. The seats,
besides Balmoral Castle, are Abergeldie,
Invercauld, Mar Lodge, and Corrymulzie
Cottage. The parochial church was built
in 1806, and contains about 900 sittings.
A Free church is near the parochial one ;
and Established, Free, and Roman Catho-
lic churches are in Castleton. 7 schools
are in the parish, and have accommodation
for 430 scholars.

CRATHIE, headland in Fordyce parish,
Banffshire.

GRAWFORD, village and parish in
southern extremity of Lanarkshire. The
village stands on the Clyde, 2 miles south-
east of Abington, and was once of some
importance, but has now a poor appear-
ance. The parish contains also Leadhills
town, and measures about 18 miles in
length and 14^ in greatest breadth. Acres,
65,407. Real property in 1880-81, £22,063.
Pop. , quoad civilia, 1763 ; quoad sacra,
698. The surface lies wholly among the
Southern Highlands ; includes main part
of the Lowther Mountains ; consists of
uplands with many intersecting vales ; and
has prevailingly a bleak and bare appear-
ance. An ancient estate, comprehending
all the parish, gave to the family of
Lindsay in 1398 the title of earl, now
borne jointly with that of Earl of Bal-
carres. Crawford Castle, now a ruin,
called Tower Lindsay, stands on the
Clyde, opposite Crawford village ; and
either it, or a previous structure on the
same site, is said to have been the scene
of a notable exploit by Sir William Wal-
lace. Newton House is the only modern
mansion. The parochial church is at
Crawford village, and a quoad sacra parish
church is at Leadhills. 3 schools for 168
scholars are in the parish, and 1 of them
and an enlargement for 85 are new.

CRAWFORDJOHN, village and parish in
upper ward of Lanarkshire. The village
stands on Duncaton rivulet, 3f miles from
its influx to the Clyde, and has a post
office under Abington, a parochial church
with 310 sittings, and a public school with
about 72 scholars. The parish contains
also Abington village, and measures 11
miles in length and about 9 miles in
greatest breadth. Area, 26,357 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £11,088. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 843; quoad sacra, 836.
The surface comprises about 3200 acres of

arable land, but is chiefly pastoral upland,
and includes part of Cairntable Mountain.
A feudal tower stands at Snar, and vestiges
of a great camp are on Netherton Hill. A
Free church is at Abington ; and 4 schools
with accommodation for 220 scholars are
within the parish.

CRAWFORD PRIORY, modern Gothic
castellated seat of the Earl of Glasgow,
2 miles south-west of Cupar, Fife. It was
built in 1813, and enlarged in 1871, and
has a spired tower 115 feet high.

CRAWFURDLAND, castellated seat,
partly ancient and partly modern, 2f
miles east of Kilmaurs, Ayrshire.

CRAWFURDSBURN. See Cartsburn.

CRAWHILL, seat in Torphichen parish,
Linlithgowshire.

CRAWICK, rivulet, running about 9
miles south-westward to the Nitb, near
Sanquhar, Dumfriesshire.

CRA WICK-BRIDGE, hamlet in Sanquhar
parish, Dumfriesshire.

CRAWICK-MILL, suburb of Sanquhar
burgh, Dumfriesshire.

CRAWLEY, copious spring and Edin-
burgh waterworks, among the Pentlands,
about 3 miles north-west of Penicuick,
Edinburghshire.

CRAWTON, fishing village 4 miles south
of Stonehaven, Kincardineshire.

CRAY, place, with Free church, in
Blairgowrie parish, Perthshire.

CRAYINCH, island, \ mile north-east of
Inchmurrin, Loch Lomond.

CREACHBEN, mountain, 2344 feet high,
in south-east of Mull Island, Argyleshire.

CREACHBEN, lofty mountain in Sunart
district, Argyleshire.

CREAGACH, headland on south side of
Laggan Bay, Islay Island, Argyleshire.

CREAGARRY, place in North Uist,
Outer Hebrides. It has a post office, with
money order and telegraph departments,
under Lochmaddy.

CREANWALL, two islets in Barra parish,
Outer Hebrides.

CREE, river, rising in Ayrshire, running
chiefly between Kirkcudbrightshire and
Wigtonshire, expanding there into a
narrow lake nearly 3 miles long, forming
a long narrow estuary below Newton-
Stewart, achieving a total course of about 25
miles, and entering the head of WigtonBay.

CREEBRIDGE, village on Cree river, in
Minnigaff parish, Kirkcudbrightshire. It
has a public school with about 134 scholars.

CREED, rivulet, running eastward to
Loch Stornoway, in Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

CREETOWN, seaport village on Cree
estuary, 7^ miles south-south-east of New-
ton-Stewart. It dates chiefly from 1785,
presents a pleasing intermixture of houses
and gardens, and has a post office with
money order and telegraph departments,
designated of Kirkcudbrightshire, a railway
station, an inn, a town hall, an Established
church, a United Presbyterian church, and
a public school with about 76 scholars.
Pop. 973.

CRE 109

CREGGAN, ferry on Loch Fyne, at
Strachur, Argyleshire.

CREICH, parish, averagely about 4
miles north-west of Cupar, Fife. It
contains the post office villages of Brunton
and Luthrie, and comprises 2341 acres.
Eeal property in 1880-81, £4069. Pop.
386. The land is chiefly an assemblage
of hills, varying in bulk and form, and
nowhere higher than 550 feet above sea-
level. Creich Castle, the ancient residence
of the Bethunes, is now a ruin ; and Par-
broath Castle is now represented by only
part of an arch. The parochial church
stands at Luthrie, and there is a Free
church for Creich and Flisk. The public
school has accommodation for 79 scholars.

CREICH, place in Kilfinichen parish,
Mull Island, Argyleshire. It has a public
school with about 120 scholars.

CREICH, Sutherland. See Ceiech.

CREID. See Ceeed.

CREIGH, hill in Lintrathen parish,
Forfarshire.

CREIGRIABHACH, mountain - range in
Durness parish, Sutherland.

CRERAN, rivulet and sea-loch in north
of Argyleshire. The rivulet runs about 12
miles west -south-westward to the loch's
head, and forms, in its lower reach, the
lake of Fasnacloich. The loch strikes 10
miles west-south-westward and westward
to Loch Linnhe, opposite Lismore Island ;
has nowhere a greater breadth than
mile ; and is crossed in its lower part by a
ferry, on the line of road from Oban to
Fort- William.

CRIANLARICH, place at meeting-point
of Glendochart, Strathfillan, and Glenfal-
loch, in Killin parish, Perthshire. It has
a railway station, a post office under Stir-
ling, and a hotel.

CRIBHOPE, small vale in Hounam par-
ish, Roxburghshire.

CRIBLAW, hill in Roberton parish, Rox-
burghshire.

CRICHIE, village, now better known as
Steuartfield, in Old Deer parish, Aber-
deenshire.

CRICHIE, hill near Inverury, Aberdeen-
shire. It has traces of an ancient camp,
and it figures in the history of King
Robert Bruce.

CRICHTON, village and parish on east-
ern border of Edinburghshire. The village
stands 2 miles north-east of Fushiebridge
railway station, and has a cruciform church
of 1449, and a public school with about
205 scholars. — The parish contains also the
village of Pathhead, part of the post
office village of Ford, and part of the
village of Fala-Dam. Its length is 5|
miles ; its greatest breadth 4|- miles ; its
area 4821 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£8754. Pop. 1094. The surface is a
continuous series of hill and dale, of such
average character that about five-sixths of
it are arable. Limestone is extensively
worked. Crichton Castle was founded
by Sir William Crichton, Chancellor of

cm

Scotland in the time of James II ; made
resistance to the Douglases, and gave
entertainments to Queen Mary ; is now
a massive ruin with very striking architec-
tural features ; and was graphically de-
picted by Sir Walter Scott in his Marmion.
A rising ground with extensive view has
distinct vestiges of a Roman camp. A
Free church is at Pathhead, and a United
Presbyterian church is at Ford.

CRICHUP, waterfall, with leap of 85
feet, 4|- miles north-east of Thornhill,
Dumfriesshire. The fall occurs on a
brook within a deep, dark, cavernous
chasm, of character depicted by Sir Walter
Scott in his Old Mortality as the haunt of
Balfour of Burley.

CRIECH, parish, containing the post
office village of Bonar-Bridge, in south of
Sutherland. It extends from Benmore-
Assynt to within 2J miles of Dornoch, and
is 28 miles long, but nowhere more than 9
miles broad. Real property in 1880-81,
£10,584. Pop. 2223. The surface is
mostly hilly or mountainous ; and only
about one-thirtieth of it is under cultiva-
tion. Chief seats are Rosehall and Ospis-
dale ; and chief antiquities are a vitrified
fort on Criech Hill, and numerous tumuli
on a supposed great battlefield about the
year 1100 at Drinieah. The churches are
1 Established and 2 Free. There are 4
schools for 385 scholars, and 2 of them and
an enlargement for 241 are new.

CRIEFF, town and parish in Strath earn
district, Perthshire. The town stands on
left bank of the Earn, 17| miles west-
south-west of Perth, and has a small
suburb within Muthill parish, on the right
bank. It dates from at least the early
part of 13th century ; made a conspicuous
figure in the feudal times ; and was long
the seat of both the civil and the criminal
courts of the Stewards of Strathearn. It
has charming environs ; stands chiefly on
the face of a brae overhung by a wooded
hill ; comprises 3 main streets diverging
from a central square ; has undergone
recent great extension and improvement ;
commands delightful views over a wide
extent of picturesque country ; and attracts
great numbers of tourists, summer visitors,
and invalids. It has a head post office
with all departments, railway communica-
tion toward both Perth and Stirling, 4
banking offices, 2 hotels, a town hall, a
large and costly hydropathic establish-
ment erected in 1866 and enlarged in 1879,
a drainage system constructed in 1877,
several public libraries, 2 Established
churches, Free and United Presbyterian
churches, an elegant Episcopalian church
of 1877, Congregational, Baptist, and
Roman Catholic chapels, and 2 great public
schools. A new East parish church was
projected in 1881 ; and a railway to Comrie,
probably with continuation to Lochearn-
head, was projected in 1880. Pop. of the
town, 4579. — The parish consists of 4
sections, all detached from one another,

CRT

110

CRO

and comprises 20,385 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £29,805. Pop., quoad civilia,
4852 ; quoad sacra, 2864. The section con-
taining the town measures about 4 miles
by 3, contains no higher ground than the
wooded hill called the Knock of Crieff,
and exhibits the beauty and luxuriance
which so extensively prevail on the low
grounds of Strathearn. Two other sections,
Callander and Achalhanzie, lie in the low
country, but are of small extent. The
fourth section, comprising Corriemucklock
and the greater part of Glenalmond, lies
north of Monzie parish, and is mostly
highland, or even alpine, romantic, and
wild. Both the seats and the interesting
natural objects are numerous. 4 schools
for 848 scholars are in the parish, and an
enlargement of 1 of them for 345 is new.

CRIEFF JUNCTION, railway station, 11J
miles south-east of Crieff, Perthshire.

CRIEFF (WEST), quoad sacra parish,
with church, in Crieff town, Perthshire.
Pop. 2114.

CRIEVE, hill in Tundergarth parish,
Dumfriesshire.

CRIFFEL, mountain, about 6 miles long
and 1830 feet high, culminating at 10
miles south of Dumfries, overhanging
right side of the Nith's influx to Solway
Firth, and commanding an extensive view.

CRIMELS, place on coast of Eyemouth
parish, Berwickshire.

CRIMOND, parish on coast of Buchan,
midway between Peterhead and Fraser-
burgh, Aberdeenshire. It has a post
office of its own name under Peterhead.
Its length is about 5J miles ; its greatest
breadth about 3J miles ; its area 5892
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £5998.
Pop., quoad civilia, 832; quoad sacra, 810.
The coast includes Rattray Head, is mostly
a broad belt of flat beach and sandy hills,
and rises thence abruptly to a height of
about 200 feet : and the interior first
descends gradually from that height, and
then ascends gently to the south and the
south-west. Excellent building stone is
quarried. The church is modern, and con-
tains 500 sittings ; and the public school
has about 139 scholars.

CRIMONDMOGATE, seat of Sir George
Bannerman, Bart., in Lonmay parish,
Aberdeenshire.

CRINAN, seaport village, sea-loch, and
canal in Argyleshire. The village stands
on upper part of the loch, 9 miles west-
north-west of Ardrishaig, and has a post
office under Lochgilphead, a hotel, a
wharf, and a lighthouse. The loch ex-
tends 4| miles south-westward to Sound
of Jura, and is tame and narrow at the
head, but very picturesque lower down,
and 3 miles wide at the mouth. The
canal goes from the -village on the loch to
vicinity of Ardrishaig on Loch Gilp ; was
formed in 1793-1801, and much improved
at successive times ; and conveys vessels
of less than 200 tons burden direct from
Greenock to the Western seas.

CRINGLETIE, seat, 3£ miles north of
Peebles.

CRIOMABHAL, hill, 1500 feet high, on
north side of Loch Resort, in Lewis,
Outer Hebrides.

CROACHY, place, with Episcopalian
chapel, in Daviot parish, Inverness-shire.

CROCKETFORD, village, 10 miles north-
east of Castle-Douglas, Kirkcudbright-
shire. It has a post office under Dumfries,
and a public school with about 70 scholars.

CROE, short river, running impetuously
to east end of Loch Duich, Ross-shire.

CROFTDYKE, suburb of Ceres, in Fife.

CROFTHEAD, town, 3f miles south-west
of Whitburn, Linlithgowshire. It stands
amid a bleak, moorish mineral field, is of
recent origin, consists of Crofthead-Pro-
per and Fauldhouse, and has a post office
of Fauldhouse, with money order and
telegraph departments, designated of Lin-
lithgowshire, railway stations of Crofthead
and Fauldhouse, a banking office, and
Established, Free, and Roman Catholic
churches. Pop. of Crofthead-Proper and
Fauldhouse, 3000.

CROFTHEAD, village, | mile south-west
of Neilston, Renfrewshire. It had a
cotton factory so early as 1792, and was
the terminus of Glasgow and Neilston
Railway till formation of the continued
line thence to Kilmarnock. Pop. with
Levernbank, 609.

CROFTHEAD, place, with cave, in Kirk-
mahoe parish, Dumfriesshire.

CROFTINLOAN, seat, between Pitlochrie
and Moulinearn, Perthshire.

CROFTON, seat near Lanark.

CROFTS, estate in Carmylie parish,
Forfarshire.

CROFTS, place, with interesting oval
camp, in Crossmichael parish, Kirkcud-
brightshire.

CROGLIN, craggy precipitous hill in
Tynron parish, Dumfriesshire.

CROGO, hamlet in Balmaclellan parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

CROICK, quoad sacra parish within Kin-
cardine quoad civilia parish, Ross-shire.
Its church stands in a sequestered vale,
about 12 miles from Bonar-Bridge. The
public school has about 20 scholars. Pop.
194.

CROKACH, lake, 2J miles north of
Lochinver, Sutherland.

CROMALT, hills, 12 miles south of
Assynt church, Sutherland.

CROMAR, section of Mar district, Aber-
deenshire. It comprehends Coull, Tar-
land, Migvie, Logie-Coldstone, and part
of Tulloch parishes, and has a Free
church.

CROMARTY, town and parish in Cro-
martyshire, and firth partly also in Ross-
shire. The town stands on fine bay, on
south side of the firth, near the firth's
mouth, 21^ miles north-north-east of In-
verness ; is a seaport and a parliamentary
burgh, uniting with Dingwall, Tain, Dor-
noch, Wick, and Kirkwall in sending a

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member to Parliament ; adjoins Cromarty
Hill, the scene of a victory of Sir William
Wallace, with magnificent view ; figures as
the seat of the thaneship of Macbeth, and
as the birth-place of Hugh Miller ; consists
of close irregular streets ; and has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Cromartyshire,
2 banking offices, 2 hotels, an obeliskal
monument to Hugh Miller, 2 Established
churches, a Free church, and a public school
with about 200 scholars. Real property in
1880-81, £1905. Pop. 1352.— The parish is
7 miles long, and from 1 to 4 miles broad.
Real property in 1880-81, £5447. Pop. 2009.
The coast on Moray Firth is abrupt, precipit-
ous, and lofty, but on Cromarty Firth is low;
and the interior, as seen from the north,
presents a bold high outline, rising toward
the lofty eastern coast and declining in
long ridge toward the west. Cromarty
House is a chief residence. 3 schools for
186 scholars were formerly in the parish,
but gave place to 2 new ones for 370. — The
firth is the estuary of Conan river ; com-
mences near Dingwall ; goes curvingly
north-eastward to Moray Firth ; measures
about 20 miles in length, and mostly from
1| to 2|- miles in breadth ; makes a north-
ward expansion in its lower part to the
extent of 6 miles by 4 ; and terminates in
a narrow mouth between two bold pro-
montories, called the butors of Cromarty.

CROMARTYSHIRE, county, comprehend-
ing Ardmeanach, Coigach, most of north-
ern acclivity of Strathpeffer, and several
small tracts, all detached from one another,
some of them at wide distances, the whole
so interspersed with Ross-shire as to be
identified for almost every practical pur-
pose with that county .

CROMBIE, small headland, harbour,
village, and estate, in old parish now
united to Torryburn, in Fife.

CROMBIE, old castle, now of three
storeys, but formerly much higher, in
Marnoch parish, Banffshire.

CROMBIE, burn in Kingoldrum parish,
Forfarshire.

CROMDALE, parish containing Gran-
town, and intersected by the Spey, in
Elginshire. Part of it, prior to 1870, was
in Inverness-shire. It has a post office of its
own name designated of Morayshire, and a
railway station. Its length is 17 miles ; its
extreme breadth 10 miles. Real property
in 1880-81, £11,926. Pop., quoad civilia,
3642 ; quoad sacra, 1145. Low grounds
lie adjacent to the Spey ; sloping wooded
hills rise on the north ; and the moun-
tain range called Cromdale Hill occupies
the south. The low grounds, known and
sung as the Haughs of Cromdale, were the
scene of a famous skirmish in 1690. The
only mansion is Castle-Grant, a seat of the
Earl of Seafield ; and the chief antiquities
are the ruined castles of Muckerach and
Lochindorb. The churches are 2 Es-
tablished, a Free, and a Baptist. There
are 7 schools for 802 scholars, and 3 of

them and an enlargement for 350 are new.
A suspension passenger bridge was erected
in 1881.

CROMLIX, place, with 2 mineral springs,
If mile north of Dunblane, Perthshire.

CROMORE, harbour in mouth of Loch
Erisort,east coast of Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

CROMWELL PARK, village on Almond
river, in Redgorton parish, Perthshire.

CROMWELL'S MOUNT, small mound in
Broxmouth Park, near Dunbar, Hadding-
tonshire. Oliver Cromwell stood on it
when directing the advance to the battle
of Dunbar.

CRONA, flat islet, adjoining Oldney, in
Assynt parish, Sutherland.

CRONBERRY, village in Auchinleck
parish, Ayrshire. Pop. 799.

CROOK, hamlet in Alves parish, Elgin-
shire.

CROOK, place on the Tweed, 15 miles
south-west of Peebles. It has a post office
under Biggar, and an inn.

CROOK, affluent of the North Esk, in
Forfarshire.

CROOKEDHOLM, suburb of Hurlford,
Ayrshire. It has a large spinning-mill,
and a large public school. Pop. 657.

CROOKHOLM, seat in Canonbie parish,
Dumfriesshire.

CROOK OF DEVON, small ancient village,
with railway station, contiguous to sharp
turn of the river Devon, 6 miles west of
Kinross.

CROOKSTON, ruined castle, 3 miles
south-east of Paisley, Renfrewshix-e. It
belonged to the Lennox branch of the
Stewarts, and is believed to have been the
scene of Lord Darnley's betrothment to
Queen Mary.

CROOKSTON, seat on the Gala, 5J miles
north-north-west of Stow, Edinburghshire.

CROSBY, ancient chapelry in Monkton
parish, Ayrshire. Its burying-ground and
remains of its church still exist.

CROSS, quoad sacra parish within
Barvas quoad civilia parish in Lewis,
Outer Hebrides. It has 2 churches, Es-
tablished and Free. Pop. 2725.

CROSS, affluent of Luce river, Wigton-
shire.

CROSSAIG, rivulet and seat in Saddell
parish, Kintyre, Argyleshire.

CROSS AND BURNESS, parish in north
of Orkney. It comprehends the south-
western and north-western limbs of Sanday
Island and all North Ronaldshay. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 1677 ; quoad sacra, 1130.
Churches are in both Sanday and North
Ronaldshay, and public schools are in both
Cross and Burness.

CROSS ARTHURLEE, suburb of Barr-
head, in Renfrewshire.

CROSSBANK, seat near Crossford,
Lanarkshire.

CROSSBASKET, seat in East Kilbride
parish, Lanarkshire.

CROSSBOST, place in Lochs parish,Lewis,
Outer Hebrides. It has a post office under
Stornoway, and a Free church of 1882.

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112

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CROSSBURN, seat in Douglas parish,
Lanarkshire.

CROSSCHAIN, rising ground, historically
connected with Soutra ancient hospital,
and situated near it in the south-western
extremity of Haddingtonshire.

CROSSCROIN, hill in Culter parish,
Lanarkshire.

CROSSDARDAR, hill, with large cairn,
in Birse parish, Aberdeenshire.

CROSSFORD, village on left side of the
Clyde, 4f miles north-west of Lanark. It
has a post office under Lanark, a Free
church, a United Presbyterian church, and
a public school with about 129 scholars.
Pop. 816.

CROSSFORD, village, 1| mile west of
Dunfermline, Fife. It has a public school
with about 52 scholars. Pop. 282.

CROSSFORD, place in Glencairn parish,
Dumfriesshire. It has a public school with
about 50 scholars.

CROSSGATES, town, 3J miles east-north-
east of Dunfermline, Fife. It has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Fifeshire, a rail-
way station, waterworks of 1874, a United
Presbyterian church, and a public school
with about 138 scholars. Pop. 932.

CROSSGATES, hamlet in Cults parish,
Fife.

CROSSHALL, collier village, 2\ miles
south-south-east of Falkirk, Stirlingshire.

CROSSHALL, sculptured ancient monu-
ment in Eccles parish, Berwickshire.

CROSSHANDS, place, with public school,
in Mauchline parish, Ayrshire.

CROSSHILL, suburb, 2 miles south of
Royal Exchange, Glasgow. It adjoins tbe
Queen's Park, and communicates by tram-
way with the city ; it arose in recent
years around the site of a small old village,
and became a police burgh in 1871 ; it
comprises both irregular thoroughfares
and fine rows of villas ; it contains 2
public halls, opened in respectively No-
vember 1876 and December 1879 ; and it
has a post office, with money order and
telegraph departments, under Glasgow,
and 3 handsome churches, Established,
Free, and United Presbyterian. Pop. 2960.

CROSSHILL, village and quoad sacra
parish in Carrick district, Ayrshire. The
village stands on Girvan river, 3 miles
south-west of Maybole, presents a neat
appearance, and has a post office, with
money order department, under Maybole,
Established and Free churches, and 2
public schools with about 222 scholars.
Pop. 740. The quoad sacra parish has a
public school also at Hillside. Pop. 1285.

CROSSHILL, north-west section of Old
Monkland parish, Lanarkshire. It con-
tains a village of its own name, the town
of Baillieston, and the villages of Swinton,
West Marystown, Barachnie, and Craig-
end.

CROSSHILL, place in Avondale parish,
Lanarkshire. It has a public school with
about 256 scholars.

CROSSHILL, hamlet in East Kilbride
parish, Lanarkshire.

CROSSHILL, eminence, with fine view,
near Bishopton, in Erskine parish, Ren-
frewshire.

CROSSHOUSE, village, with railway
station, If mile north-west of Kilmarnock,
Ayrshire. It has a quoad sacra parochial
church of 1882. Pop. 631.

CROSSLEE, village, 7 miles north-west
of Paisley, Renfrewshire. Pop. 406.

CROSSLEE, hamlet, 4 miles south of
Stow, Edinburghshire. It has a post
office under Stow.

CROSSMICHAEL, village and parish near
centre of Kirkcudbrightshire. The village
stands 4 miles west of Castle - Douglas,
presents a pleasant appearance, and has a
post office, designated of Kirkcudbright-
shire, a railway station, a parochial church
with about 650 sittings, and a public school
with about 65 scholars. — The parish con-
tains also Ringanwhey and Clarebrand,
includes an outskirt of Castle-Douglas, and
measures 5^ miles in length, and 4 miles in
greatest breadth. Acres, 9919. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £15,046. Pop., quoad
civilia, 1333; quoad sacra, 1260. The
river Dee traces the western boundary,
and the river Urr the eastern. The land
comprises extensive meadows adjacent to
the rivers, and a finely- diversified fertile
ridge between. Antiquities are numerous,
and include moats, an oval camp, and re-
mains of fortifications.

CROSSMOUNT, seat near Mount Alex-
ander, in Strathtummel, Perthshire.

CROSSMYLOOF, suburb, 2 miles south-
south-west of centre of Glasgow. It has a
post office under Glasgow. Pop. 1475.

CROSSPOL, bay in Coll Island, Argyle-
shire.

CROSSRAGUEL, extensive striking ruins
of abbey of 13th century, 2 miles south-
west of Maybole, Ayrshire.

CROSSRIDGE, hill in Carmichael parish,
Lanarkshire.

CROSSROADS, place in Riccarton parish,
Ayrshire. It has a public school with
about 65 scholars.

CROSSROADS, hamlet in Slamannan
parish, Stirlingshire.

CROSSROADS, place in Dreghorn parish,
Ayrshire. It has a public school with
about 120 scholars.

CROSSROADS, place, 3 miles from
Grange railway station, Banffshire. It
has a post office under Fochabers.

CROSS-STREET, suburb of Stornoway,
Outer Hebrides.

CROSSTON, hamlet in Aberlemno
parish, Forfarshire.

CROULIN. group of islets in Applecross
parish, Ross-shire.

CROVIE, fishing village in Gamrie parish,
Banffshire. Pop. 258.

CROY, parish in Nairnshire and Inver-
ness-shire. It has a post office of its own
name under Fort - George station. Its
length is about 21 miles, but is intersected

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113

CUL

by parts of 3 other parishes ; its greatest
breadth is 9 miles ; and its area is 11,528
acres in Nairnshire, and 11,251 acres in
Inverness-shire. Real property in 1880-81,
£3728 and £6775. Pop. 634 and 1075. Part
of the land is fine strath, traversed by
river Nairn ; and part is bleak naked moor,
including Culloden. The seats are Kil-
ravock, Leys, Holme, Cantray, and Dal-
cross ; and the antiquities include a great
group- of cairns and ancient Caledonian
stone circles. The churches are Estab-
lished and Free ; and there are 2 new
public schools for 220 scholars.

CROY, hamlet, with railway station, 11-
mile south-south-east of Kilsyth, and 10
miles west-south-west of Falkirk.

CRUACH, lofty mountain on western
border of Fortingal parish, Perthshire.

CRUACH-LUSSA, broad-based mountain,
1530 feet high, with extensive view, in
North Knapdale, Argyleshire.

CRUCIFIELD, hill, with ancient concen-
tric circles, in Unst Island, Shetland.

CRUCKIE, hill, with fine view, in Parton
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

CRUDEN, fishing village and parish in
Buchan district, Aberdeenshire. The vil-
lage stands at mouth of rivulet of its own
name, on fine bay, 9 miles north-east-by-
east of Ellon, has a post office under Ellon,
and is sometimes called Ward. The parish
contains also the villages of Finnyfold and
Bullers-Buchan, and extends about 8^
miles along the coast, and about 7^ miles
inland. Acres, 18,236. Peal property in
1880-81, £16,073. Pop., quoad civilia,
3444 ; quoad sacra, 2835. The northern
half of the coast consists of lofty, precipi-
tous, fissured cliffs, and includes the Bul-
lers of Buchan ; and the southern part

rst opens into Cruden Bay, and then is

anked by a range of sunken rocks called
Scares. The interior is cut into two nearly
equal parts by Cruden rivulet ; and the
northern border has a great extent of bog.
Slains Castle, the seat of the Earl of
Errol, stands on the southern part of the
bold coast. The churches are Established,
Free, and Episcopalian, There are 6
schools for 501 scholars, and 1 of them
and an enlargement for 184 are new.

CRUDIE, place in Newbyth parish, Aber-
deenshire. It has a public school with
about 164 scholars.

CRUGGLETON, old parish, with head-
land and fragment of ancient castle, now
united to Sorbie, Wigtonshire.

CRUICK, rivulet, running about 12 miles
eastward to the North Esk, near Stricka-
throw, in Forfarshire.

CRUIKSFIELD, seat in Bunkle parish,
Berwickshire.

CRUMSTANE, hill, with large cairn, in
Langton parish, Berwickshire.

CRUTHERLAND, seat in Glassford par-
ish, Lanarkshire.

CRYSTON. See Chryston.

CUAN, narrow strait and ancient parish
in Argyleshire. The strait separates Seil

Island from Luing ; and the parish is now
part of Kilbrandon. But all Kilbrandon
is popularly called Cuan.

CUCHULLIN, great, stern, pinnacled
mountain-group, in extreme south of Skye
Island, Inverness-shire. They occupy an
area of about 45 square miles ; consist
chiefly of bare, dark hypersthene rock ;
are intersected by wild ravines ; and lift
their three highest summits to altitudes
of 3180, 3200, and 3220 feet.

CUCKOLD-LE-ROI. See Cockleroi.

CUEN, lake, with islets, in Kildonan
parish, Sutherland.

CUFFABOUTS, hamlet in Carriden par-
ish, Linlithgowshire.

CUIL, bay on north-west coast of Appin,
Argyleshire.

CUILHILL, village in Old Monkland
parish, Lanarkshire.

CUL, headland on west coast of Islay
Island, Argyleshire.

CULAG, rivulet, running to Loch Inver,
in Assynt parish, Sutherland.

CULAIRD, hamlet in Dores parish,
Inverness-shire.

CULARDACH, mountain, 2953 feet high,
6 miles north-north-east of Castleton-
Braemar, Aberdeenshire.

CULBEN, tract of about 9500 acres, on
coast westward from outlet of Findhorn
river, Elginshire. It was formerly very
fertile, but is now a sandy desert.

CULBLEAN, hill-range in Tullich section
of Glenmuick parish, Aberdeenshire. It
was the scene of a battle in 1335 between
the forces of King David Bruce and those
of the Earl of Athole.

CULBOCKIE, village in Urquhart parish,
Poss-shire. It has a post office under
Dingwall.

CULBURNIE, place in Kiltarlity parish,
Inverness-shire. It has a public school
with about 70 scholars.

CULCABOCK, village about a mile
south-east of Inverness.

CULCREUCH, seat in Fintry parish,
Stirlingshire.

CULDEES, seat in Muthill parish, Perth-
shire.

CULDUTHEL, village in Inverness par-
ish, and moor in Inverness and Croy par-
ishes, Inverness-shire. The village has a
post office under Inverness, and a public
school.

CULFARGIE, estate in Abernethy par-
ish, Perthshire.

CULFREICH, lake in Assynt parish,
Sutherland.

CULHORN, seat, 2 miles south-east of
Stranraer, Wigtonshire.

CULISH, place in Knockbain parish,
Ross-shire. It has a public school with
about 117 scholars.

CULKEIN, place in Assynt parish,
Sutherland. It has a public school with
about 87 scholars.

CULLALO, hill-range, a little south-east
of Cowdenbeath, in Fife. Nearly 750 feet
high, and its southern face is precipitous.

CUL

114

CUL

CULLEN, town and parish on coast of
Banffshire. The town stands at mouth of
rivulet of its own name, on crescent bay.
14 miles west-north-west of Banff ; was
mostly rebuilt on a new site subsequent to
1822 ; is a seaport and a royal burgh,
uniting with Banff, Elgin, Peterhead,
Inverury, and Kintore in sending a member
to Parliament ; presents a regular, well-
built appearance ; and has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, under Fochabers, 2 banking offices,
a large hotel, a good harbour, Established,
Free, and Congregational churches, and 2
public schools with about 451 scholars.
Beal property in 1880-81, £3535. Pop.
2033. — The parish comprises 881 acres.
Beal property of landward part in 1880-81,
£1219. Pop. 2236. The land has a bold
rocky coast, includes Bin of Cullen Hill,
1048 feet high, is mostly rolling and pic-
turesque, and comprises Seafield estate,
giving the titles of viscount and earl to
the family of Ogilvy. Cullen House, a.
seat of the Earl, stands near the town.
Cullen rivulet comes in from Deskford,
and has a total run of about 7 miles.
There are 3 public schools for 542 scholars,
and 1 of them for 430 is new.

CULLEN, seat near Strathaven, Lanark-
shire.

CULLERLIE, estate in Echt parish,
Aberdeenshire. A public school is on it,
and has about 65 scholars.

CULLICUDDEN, ancient parish, now
forming western section of Besolis, in
Boss-shire. It has a post office, with money
order department, under Conan-Bridge, a
fragment of its ancient church, and a public
school with about 115 scholars.

CULLIN. See Cuchullin.

CULLISAID, lake in Tongue pariah,
Sutherland.

CULLIVOE, hamlet and bay in North
Yell, Shetland. The hamlet has a post
office under Lerwick, and the bay is a
tolerably good open roadstead.

CULLODEN, estate on north-east verge
of Inverness-shire. It has a railway station
3j miles east of Inverness, and gives name
to the famous battle of 1746. The mansion
on it belonged then to Lord President
Forbes, and was for several days the head-
quarters of Prince Charles Edward. Drum-
mossie Moor, where the battle was fought,
is 2 miles south-east of the railway station,
and has an obeliskal monument of 1850,
commemorative of the battle.

CULLOW, place where fairs are held,
near Kirriemuir, Forfarshire.

CULLYCAN, ravine on coast of Gamrie
parish, Banffshire.

CULM, hill in Boberton parish, Box-
burghshire.

CULMALLIE, ancient parish, now called
Golspie, in Sutherland.

CULNAGREIN, suburb or section of
Stornoway town, Outer Hebrides.

CULNOAG, place, with site of ancient
church, in Sorbie parish, Wigtonshire.

CULRAIN, hamlet on north verge of
Boss-shire, 3^ miles north-west-by-west of
Bonar-Bridge. It has a post office desig-
nated of Boss-shire, and a railway station.

CULROSS, town and parish in detached
district of Perthshire. The town stands
on face of a brae near Firth of Forth, 6
miles west of Dunfermline; has declined
from ancient importance to the condition
of a village ; ranks as a royal burgh,
uniting with Dunfermline, Inverkeithing,
Queensferry, and Stirling in sending a
member to Parliament ; was long famous
for hammermen, as noticed in Sir Walter
Scott's Heart of Midlothian; had an
ancient abbey, notable for extensive coal-
mining, and now represented by the reno-
vated choir, used as the parochial church ;
and has now a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Alloa, 2 inns, a Free church, and a public
school with about 112 scholars. Beal pro-
perty in 1880-81, £1583. Pop. 373.— The
parish contains also the villages of Blairburn
and Low Valleyfield, and measures about
4 miles in both length and breadth. Acres,
7584. Beal property in 1880-81, £7121.
Pop. 1130. The land rises abruptly from the
shore, and is mostly undulating, but attains
considerable elevation toward the north and
north-west. Coal mines were formerly
extensive, but are now nearly or quite ex-
hausted. Culross Abbey House was visited
by James VI., who called it 'a collier's
house,' and went from it to see the mines,
but took fright in them, and raised a cry
of treason ; and it was built in 1590 by
Lord Colville of Culross, and rebuilt by
Sir Bobert Preston. Other seats are
Castlehill, Blair Castle, and Valleyfield;
and the first occupies the site of Duna-
marle, a stronghold of the Macduffs, thanes
of Fife. An Episcopalian church of 1876
adjoins Castlehill.

CULROY, village, 3J miles north of May-
bole, Ayrshire.

CULS ALMOND, parish, averagely about
9 miles east-south-east of Huntly, Aber-
deenshire. It contains the post office of
Colpy, under Insch. Its length is about
4J miles ; its breadth about 3 miles ; its
area 6994 acres. Beal property in 1880-
81, £6416. Bop. 828. The surface is
bisected by the Ury, and, with exception
of two small hills, is level. The chief seat is
Newton ; and the chief antiquities are re-
mains of a Caledonian camp, vestiges of two
Caledonian stone circles, part of an ancient
highway, and an inscribed ancient stand-
ing-stone. The churches are Established,
Free, Congregational, and Episcopalian ;
and there are 2 schools with accommodation
for 213 scholars.

CULSH, hill, with extensive view, in
New Deer parish, Aberdeenshire.

CULSTERNESS, headland, with large
cave, in Delting parish, Shetland.

CULTER, village in upper ward of
Lanarkshire, and parish partly also in
Peeblesshire. The village stands on

CUL

115

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rivulet of its own name, about 2j miles
south-west of Biggar, and lias a post office
under Biggar, a railway station, Estab-
lished and Free churches, and a public
school with about 72 scholars. The parish
is about 7 miles long, and 4 miles broad,
and comprises 10,175 acres in Lanark-
shire, and 1708 in Peeblesshire. Beal
property in 1880-81, £6763 and £2142.
Pop. 428 and 146. The northern sec-
tion is. bounded by the Clyde, and is
either level or undulating ; and the
southern section rises abruptly into ver-
dant hills, and ascends rapidly into lofty
mountains. The rivulet Culter rises in
the extreme south, runs along the centre,
makes several fine cataracts and cascades,
and glides into the Clyde. The seats are
Culterallers, Cultermains, Birthwood,
Cornhill, and Hartree ; and the chief
antiquities are two moats and the site of a
Knight Templars' house.

CULTER, railway station, 7f miles west-
south-west of Aberdeen. Culter rivulet
enters the Dee in its vicinity, runs thither
from Skene parish, has picturesque banks,
and makes a fine waterfall. Culter House,
a little to the north-east, is a mansion
said to have been built in the time of
Queen Mary.

CULTERCULLEN, place near Ellon,
Aberdeenshire. It has a post office under
Aberdeen.

CULTER FELL,mountain, 2454 feet high,
4 miles south-south-east of Culter village,

^CULTOQUHEY, seat in Crieff parish,
Perthshire.

CULTS, parish, averagely 3| miles south-
west of Cupar, Fife. It contains the
villages of Pitleasie, Crossgates, Cults
Mill, Hospital Mill, and Walton, and
comprises 2924 acres. Beal property in
1880-81, £6438. Pop., quoad civilia, 704 ;
quoad sacra, 640. The land is hilly to-
ward the south and east, declines thence
or is flat toward the north, and is bounded
there by the river Eden. Crawford Priory,
a seat of the Earl of Glasgow, is a promi-
nent feature. The churches are Established,
Free, and United Presbyterian ; and the
public school has accommodation for 150
scholars.

CULTS, estate in Kinnethmont parish,
Aberdeenshire. It has a post office under
Aberdeen.

CULZEAN. See Colzean.

CUMBERNAULD, town and parish in
detached district of Dumbartonshire. The
town stands 13 miles north-west of Glas-
gow, is adjoined by the pleasure-grounds
of Cumbernauld House, and has a post
office under Glasgow, a railway station, a
large inn, Established, Free, and United
Presbyterian churches, and 2 public schools
with about 299 scholars. Pop. 1064. —
The parish contains also the village of
Condorrat and the hamlet of Croy. Its
length is about 8 miles ; its greatest
breadth about 4 miles; its area 11,635

acres. Beal property in 1880-81, £25,190.
Pop., quoad civilia, 4270; quoad sacra,
inclusive of 81 in Falkirk parish, 4351.
The surface is mostly a fine diver-
sity of small hills and fertile dales, but
includes Fannyside Moor. Coal, lime,
ironstone, and sandstone are extensively
worked. Cumbernauld House is a chief
feature, but was almost destroyed by fire
in 1877. The antiquities are traces of
Antoninus' Wall and vestiges of a Bom an
road. An Established church is at Con-
dorrat. There are 3 schools for 767
scholars, and 2 of them for 520 are new.
Cumbernauld station is on the Caledonian
railway, and has also a post office under
Glasgow.

CUMBRAY, parish, consisting of Great
Cumbray Island, in Buteshire. The island
is separated from Ayrshire by a sound
1^ mile wide ; commences opposite Largs ;
measures 3J miles in length southwards,
with a breadth of about 2 miles ; comprises
2841 acres ; has a low fiat beach, steep
banks, and a hilly interior, with extreme
altitude of about 450 feet above sea-level ;
and contains on its south end the town
of Millport. Beal property in 1880-81,
£15,947. Bop. 1856, Established, Free,
and United Presbyterian churches, a
Baptist chapel, and a cathedrine Episco-
pal church are in Millport. There are
2 schools for 389 scholars, and 1 of them
for 325 is new.

CUMBRAY (LITTLE), island in West
Kilbride parish, but within Buteshire.
It lies fully a mile south-west of Great
Cumbray ; is about a mile long and
mile broad ; rises to a height of 420 feet
above sea-level ; had anciently a Culdee
cell, succeeded by a Bomish chapel ; and
has now a lighthouse of 1826, a disused
previous lighthouse, and a ruined ancient
watch tower. Pop. 23.

CUMBRIA, ancient kingdom, compre-
hending Strathclyde, Ayrshire, and Gal-
loway, and extending over the greater part
of Cumberland. It was formed about 508
by the Bomanized Caledonians, and be-
came part of the Scottish kingdom in the
latter part of 10th century. It gave origin
to the names Cumbray and Cumberland ;
but is often called by historians Strath cluyd
or Strathclyde.

CUMHILL, mountain in Coigach district,
Cromartyshire.

CUMINESTONE, village, 6 miles north-
west of New Deer, Aberdeenshire. It has
a post office, with money order depart-
ment, under Turriff, and an Episcopalian
chapel. Bop. 525.

CUMLODDEN, quoad sacra parish on
north-west side of upper part of Loch
Fyne, Argyleshire. It has a church with
309 sittings, and a public school. Pop.
890.

CUMLODEN, a seat of the Earl of Gal-
loway, in Minnigaff parish, Kirkcudbright-
shire.

CUMMERTREES, village and parish in

CUM

116

CUP

Annandale district, Dumfriesshire. The
village stands 3J miles west of Annan, and
has a post office under Annan, a railway-
station, a parochial church, and a public
school with about 100 scholars. — The par-
ish contains also the villages of Powfoot
and Kelhead. Its length is 5 miles ; its
greatest breadth 4 miles ; its area 9466
acres. Keal property in 1880-81, £9107.
Pop. , quoad civilia, 1094 ; quoad sacra,
1068. The surface includes a ridge
nearly 200 feet high, but otherwise is a
gently inclined plain bounded by Solway
Firth, and has a flat sandy shore. Hoddam
Castle, the Tower of Repentance, and the
Marquis of Queensberry's seat of Kin-
mount are chief objects ; and the shore is
part of the scene of Sir "Walter Scott's
Redgauntlet. There are 4 schools for
332 scholars, and 1 of them for 190 is new.

CUMMING, or PORT-CUMMING, village
in Duff us parish, Elginshire. Pop. 244.

CUMMIN'S CAMP, remains of notable
ancient fortification on Barra Hill, in
Bourtie parish, Aberdeenshire.

CUMNOCK, town, 16 miles south-east of
Kilmarnock, Ayrshire. It stands at con-
fluence of Glasnock and Lugar waters ;
includes a central square and 3 principal
streets ; is near a magnificent railway
viaduct across the Lugar ; and has a head,
post office with money order and telegraph
departments, a railway station, 3 banking
offices, 3 chief inns, Established, Free,
United Presbyterian, Congregational, and
Roman Catholic churches, a public school
of 1876 for 600 scholars, and 2 other schools.
Pop. 3345.

CUMNOCK (NEW), village and parish in
Kyle district, Ayrshire. The village stands
adjacent to confluence of the Afton and the
Nith, 5| miles south -south-east of Cum-
nock, and has a post office with money order
and telegraph departments, designated of
Ayrshire, a railway station, a banking office,
Established and Free churches, and a public
school with about 203 scholars.— The parish
contains also Af ton-Bridgend , Castle Conn el
Park, Craigbank, and Pathhead villages. Its
length is 12 miles ; its breadth fully 8
miles ; its area 48,096 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £36,832. Pop. 3781. Most
of the surface is hilly, and the southern
district is mountainous, and includes
Black Craig, 2298 feet high, and part of
Black Larg, 2231 feet high. Coal and
limestone abound, and are extensively
worked. A Free church is at Afton.
There are 3 schools for 731 scholars, and
2 of them for 610 are new.

CUMNOCK (OLD), parish, containing
most of Cumnock and small part of Lugar
towns, in Ayrshire. Its length is about 10
miles ; its mean breadth about 2 miles ;
its area 14,140 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £26,987. Pop. 4861. The sur-
face is partly flat and well cultivated,
partly hilly and either heathy or mostly
verdant. Coal and lime are extensively
worked; and bluish marble and black-

band ironstone are found. Chief re-
sidences are Dumfries House, Garrallan,
Logan, and Glasnock, the first a seat of
the Marquis of Bute ; and chief antiquities
are ruins of Terringzean Castle and traces
of Boreland Castle. The churches are in
Cumnock. There are 4 schools for 785
scholars, and 2 of them for 700 are new.

CUMRUE, quondam hamlet and small
lake in Kirkmichael parish, Dumfries-
shire.

CUNIACK. See Quinag.

GUNNER, hill, with fine view, on west
border of Carnbee parish, Fife.

CUNNIGAR, artificial mound, on which
persons accused of witchcraft were burnt,
near Mid-Calder village, Edinburghshire.

CUNNINGHAM, northern district of
Ayrshire. It is bounded on the south by
the river Irvine, and it measures about 25
miles by 13.

CUNNINGHAMHEAD, railway station
and seat, 4 miles west-north-west of Kil-
marnock, Ayrshire.

CUNNINGHAR, hill, with remains of
ancient Caledonian stone circle, in Tilli-
coultry parish, Clackmannanshire.

CUNNINGSBURGH, old parish, now part
of Dunrossness, in Shetland. It lies north
of Dunrossness-Proper, and has a post
office under Lerwick.

CUPAR, town and parish in east centre
of Fife. The town stands on the river
Eden, 33f miles north-north-east of Edin-
burgh ; dates from ancient times, but pre-
sents a modern appearance ; had once a
strong castle, which figured in the wars of
the Succession, and was visited by several
of the Scottish kings ; ranks now as the
capital of Fife, and as a burgh uniting
with 6 other Fife burghs in sending a
member to Parliament ; presents from the
exterior a pleasant appearance, amid beau-
tiful environs studded with mansions ;
comprises 3 principal streets, several minor
thoroughfares, and some suburbs ; has a
head post office with all departments, a
railway station, 6 banking offices, 3 hotels,
county buildings, a town hall, a corn
exchange, new waterworks, opened in
December 1876, a large modern Established
church, with elegant ancient spire, a Free
church of 1878, erected at a cost of nearly
£10,000, 2 United Presbyterian churches,
a Baptist chapel, a handsome Episcopalian
church on or near the site of an ancient
Dominican monastery, a Madras academy,
a large public library, and a museum ; and
publishes 4 weekly newspapers. Real
property in 1880-81, £20,698. Pop. 5010.
— The parish contains also the village of
Springfield and the Glaidney section of
Ceres. Its length is 4^ miles ; its greatest
breadth 3f miles ; its area 5736 acres.
Real property of landward part in 1880-81,
£15,407. Pop., quoad civilia, 7404 ; quoad
sacra, 6088. The surface is intersected
by the Eden, and beautifully diversified
with rising grounds. Chief seats are Kil-
maron, Tarbit, Springfield, Dalzell, Hil-

CUP

117

CYR

ton, Cairnie, Pitblado, Prestonhall, Fox-
ton, Balas, Ferrybank, Bellfield, Blalowne,
and "Westfield. A new sch ool for 50 scholars
stands beyond the burgh.

CUPAR- ANGUS. See Coupab- Angus.

CUPAR-GRANGE, estate about 2 miles
north of Coupar - Angus, Perthshire. It
contains the site of a quondam consider-
able village, and was found, some time in
last century, to contain two peculiar ancient
Caledonian circles.

CUPPASETTER, place, with brough, on
south-west corner of Yell Island, Shetland.

CUR, rivulet, running about 10 miles
to head of Loch Eck, in Cowal district,
Argyleshire.

CURGIE, small port on west side of
Luce Bay, Wigtonsnire.

CURLEE, hill in Innerleithen parish,
Peeblesshire.

CURLINGHALL, place in Largs parish,
Ayrshire. It has a sculptured stone com-
memorative of the battle of Largs, fought
in 1263.

CURR, hill in More-battle parish, Rox-
burghshire.

CURRIE, village and parish in Edin-
burghshire. The village stands on the
"Water of Leith, 6 miles south-west of
Edinburgh, and has a post office with all
departments under Edinburgh, a railway
station, a parochial church with about 800
sittings, and a public school with about
108 scholars. Pop. about 300.— The parish
contains also Balerno and Hermiston
villages. Its length is 8 miles ; its
breadth A\ miles ; its area 11,103 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £32,091. Pop.
2390. The surface includes a portion of
the Pentlands, with maximum altitude of
about 850 feet, and descends thence through
great irregularities to an extensive plain.
The chief seats are Riccarton, Baberton,
and Malleny ; and chief antiquities are
Lennox and Curriehill Castles, and re-
mains of two Roman stations. A United
Presbyterian church is at Balerno, and
4 schools, with accommodation for 471
scholars, are within the parish.

CURRIEHILL, railway station and old
castle, miles south-west of Edinburgh.

CURRYSIDE, coal-field in Shotts parish,
Lanarkshire.

CUSHIEVILLE. See Cosheville.

CUSHLETTER, place, 10 miles north-west
of Portree, Isle of Skye.

CUSHNIE, old parish, now united to
Leochel, in Aberdeenshire. It contains a
hill of its own name, 1883 feet high, and
has a public school with about 118
scholars.

CUTHBERT'S (ST.), parish, partly urban
and partly landward, in Edinburghshire.
It includes much of Edinburgh, and ex-
tends from Braid Hills to Trinity, and
from Queen's Park to within a mile of
Corstorphine village. Its length is 5
miles ; its breadth 3f miles. It contains
all parts of the Old Town of Edinburgh
beyond the ancient royalty and Canon-

gate ; all parts of the New Town outside
the city parishes of St. George, St. Stephen,
St. Andrew, St. Mary, and Green side ; the
suburb of Roseburn ; part of the parlia-
mentary burgh of Leith ; parts of Wardie,
Granton, Echobank, and Slateford villages ;
and all Coltbridge,Murrayfield,and Comely-
Bank semi-suburbs. Pop., quoad civilia,
157,743 ; quoad sacra, 11,967. The urban
section comprises every variety of Edin-
burgh thoroughfare, both ancient and
modern ; and the landward section abounds
in the rich diversities and beauties of the
city's environs. The parochial church
stands in a cemetery, with many famous
monuments, between West Princes Street
Gardens and Lothian Road ; occupies the
site of successively a Culdee cell and an
ancient cruciform church ; was erected in
1775 at a cost of £4231, but afterwards
acquired a steeple on its front, and con-
tains about 3000 sittings. The Culdee cell
was founded about the end of 7 th century,
and took name from the celebrated mis-
sionary Cuthbert ; and the subsequent
church was large, had a massive tower,
and figured greatly in the Romish times
for wealth and influence. Ten quoad
sacra parish churches, 5 chapels-of-ease,
and numerous churches of nearly all de-
nominations, are within the parish. Ten
of the city's public schools also are within
it, and 2 others are at respectively Colt-
bridge and Gorgie. The workhouse for
St. Cuthbert's and Canongate stands off
Queensferry Road, about 2 miles west-
south-west of west end of Princes Street ;
was erected about 1866-67 at a cost of
about £40,000 ; underwent extension in
1880 at a further cost of nearly £10,000 ;
and, for a structure of its class, is remark-
able for fineness of both situation and
feature.

CUTHILL, suburb of Prestonpans, Had-
dingtonshire. Pop. 529.

CUTTYFIELD, village in Larbert parish,
Stirlingshire.

CYRUS (ST.), village and parish on
southern border of Kincardineshire. The
village stands on an eminence near the
coast, 5|- miles north of Montrose, and has
a post office under Montrose, a railway
station, Established and Free churches,
and a public school with about 172 scholars.
— The parish contains also the hamlets of
Roadside, Burnside, Lochside, Whitehill,
Milton, and Tangle-ha'. Its length is 5
miles ; its breadth 3£ miles ; its area 8249
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £18,258.
Pop. 1487. About one-half of the boun-
dary is formed by North Esk river and the
sea. The coast is partly flat beach and
partly three low rocky promontories, but
mostly steep escarpment from 50 to nearly
300 feet high ; and the interior consists of
hills from 450 to 630 feet high, and deep
intersecting vales and ravines. The chief
seats are Lauriston, Mount Cyrus, Kirkside,
and Bridgeton ; and the chief antiquities
are an ancient obelisk, vestiges of a sea-

DAA

118

DAL

girt fortalice, and remains of Lauriston
Castle.

DAAL. See Loch-in-Daal.

DAAN, rivnlet in Ecldertoun parish,
Ross-shire. Two low tracts contiguous to
it are named Meikle Daal and Little
Daal.

DAER, longest head-stream of the Clyde.
It rises on Queensberry Hill, and runs
about 10 miles northward to the Little
Clyde, near Elvanfoot ; and it gives the
peerage title of baron to the Earl of
Selkirk.

DAIGLEN, burn in Tillicoultry parish,
Clackmannanshire.

DAIL, seat in Craignish parish, Argyle-
shire.

DAILLY, village and parish in Carrick
district, Ayrshire. The village stands on
Girvan river, 5^ miles north-east of Girvan,
presents a neat appearance, and has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Maybole, a railway
station, an inn, Established and Free
churches, and a public school with about
125 scholars. Pop. 696. — The parish is
nearly 7 miles long, and from 4 to 6 miles
broad, but includes also Ailsa-Craig, and
comprises 17,962 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £19,078. Pop. 2226. The sur-
face is traversed from end to end by
Girvan river, and consists partly of fertile
valley and partly of considerably high
flanking hills. Coal and limestone are
worked. The seats are Bargany, Kil-
kerran, Dalquharran, Penkill, and Kil-
lochan ; and the antiquities are an oval
camp, vestiges of an ancient church, and
ruins of Kilkerran and Penkill Castles.
A new parochial church, in lieu of the old
one, was projected in September 1881.
There are 6 schools for 596 scholars, and
1 of them for 75 is new.

DAILNANCEANN, battlefield between
the Danes and the natives, with 2 cairns,
in Craignish parish, Argyleshire.

DAIRSIE, village and parish in north-
east of Fife. The village stands 3J miles
east-north-east of Cupar, and has a post
office, with money order and telegraph de-
partments, under Cupar, a railway station,
a fine old Gothic parochial church, a Free
church, and a public school with about 152
scholars. — The parish is miles long and
2-j- miles broad, and comprises 2555 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £6522. Pop.
693. The surface is mostly an inclined
plain, but includes two hills, cultivated
nearly to their summits, and commanding
extensive views. The seats are Craigfoodie,
Pitormie, Newmill, and Dairsie Cottage ;
and the chief antiquity is the roofless ruin
of Dairsie Castle, said to have been the
place where Archbishop Spo ttiswood wrote
his Church History.

DAL, salmon stream entering Balnakiel
Bay, in Durness parish, Sutherland.

DALARNAN, place within Campbelton

burgh, Argyleshire. It has a public school
with about 167 scholars.

DALAROSSIE, old parish, now united to
Moy, in Inverness-shire.

DALARRAN, supposed battlefield, with
huge standing - stone, in Balmaclellan
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

DALAVICH, ancient parish, now united
to Kilchrenan, Argyleshire. It contains
Loch Avich, and has a public school.

DALAWOODIE, seat near Holywood,
Dumfriesshire.

DALBEATTIE, town and quoad sacra
parish in Kirkcudbrightshire. The town
stands on a burn of its own name, near
Urr river, 5J miles east-south-east of
Castle-Douglas ; was founded in 1780, and
advanced rapidly to prosperity ; is built of
lively-coloured granite, and exports quan-
tities of that stone ; and has a head post
office with money order and telegraph de-
partments, a railway station, a banking
office, 2 chief inns, a small harbour,
various manufacturing establishments, a
town hall, an Established church of 1880,
a Free church founded in 1881, United
Presbyterian, Evangelical Union, Episco-
palian, and Roman Catholic churches, a
Mechanics' Institute, and 3 public schools
with about 518 scholars. Dalbeattie Loch,
about 1^ mile from the town, has great
store of darkish-coloured trout. Pop. of
the town, 3854 ; of the quoad sacra parish,
4140.

DALBETH, seat and Roman Catholic
convent on the Clyde, in eastern environs
of Glasgow.

DALBLAIR, place in glen between Ward-
law Hill and Cairntable, Ayrshire.

DALBOG, place, with remnant of ancient
Caledonian stone circle, in Edzell parish,
Forfarshire.

DALCHALLIE, glen in Glenisla parish,
Forfarshire.

D ALCHONZIE, se at on the Earn in Comrie
parish, Perthshire.

DALCHOSNIE, seat, and scene of a
victory of King Robert Bruce over the
English, in Fortingal parish, Perthshire.

DALCHREICHARD, place in Urquhart
parish, Inverness-shire. It has a public
school with about 45 scholars.

DALCROSS, old parish, now united to
Croy, Inverness-shire. It has a railway
station, an estate, and a decayed castle of
its own name ; and its castle was built in
1620 by the eighth Lord Lovat, and sold in
1702 to the head branch of the Mackintosh
family.

DALCRUIVE, place, with handsome
modern bridge, on the Almond, in Red-
gorton parish, Perthshire.

DALDAWN, seat in Kelton parish, Kirk-
cudbrightshire.

DALGAIN, estate in Sorn parish, Ayr-
shire. The parish itself was formerly called
Dalgain.

DALGAIRN, seat near Cupar, Fife.
DALGARNO, old parish, now united to
Closeburn, Dumfriesshire.

DAL

119

DAL

DALGARVEN, village on Garnock river,
in Kilwinning parish, Ayrshire.

DALGETTY, parish, containing the vil-
lages of St. David's and Fordel Square,
and part of the post town of Crossgates, on
south-west coast of Fife. Its length north-
ward is fully 5 miles ; its greatest breadth
about 1^ mile ; its area 3340 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £7602. Pop. 1321.
The coast lies immediately east of Inver-
keithing Bay, and presents a beautiful
appearance. The interior ascends gradually
to the north, and attains a maximum
altitude of about 436 feet. Coal is exten-
sively mined and exported. The seats are
Donibristle, Fordel, and Cockairney. The
parochial church is a handsome modern
edifice, with about 500 sittings ; and a
quoad sacra parish church is at Mossgreen.
There are 2 public schools for 336 scholars,
and 1 of them and a class-room for 250 are
new.

DALGINCH, quondam castle, said to
have belonged to Macduff, on site of
Barnslee House, near Markinch, Fife.

DALGINROSS, suburb of Comrie, Perth-
shire.

DALGUISE, village on the Tay, 4J miles
north-north-west of Dunkeld, Perthshire.
It has a post office under Dunkeld, a rail-
way station, and a Free church, and is
near a long handsome railway viaduct
across the Tay. Dalguise House, in its
vicinity, is partly ancient, partly modern,
and was long the residence of Fox Maule,
who became Earl of Dalhousie.

DALHALAVAIG, place, with public
school, in Reay parish, Caithness.

DALHARROLD, place, with ancient
standing-stone, in Strathnaver, Sutherland.

DALHOUSIE, railway station and noble
mansion in Cockpen parish, Edinburgh-
shire. The station is 9 miles south-east
of Edinburgh. The mansion, Dalhousie
Castle, a seat of the Earl of Dalhousie,
stands on the South Esk, about a mile
south of the station, was originally a strong
fortalice of the 12th century, and presents
now an elegant modern appearance.

DALIBURGH, place in south-west of
South Uist Island, Outer Hebrides. It
has a post office under Lochmaddy.

DALINTOBER, suburb of Campbelton,
Argyleshire.

DALJARROCH, hamlet and seat on
Stinchar river, Carrick, Ayrshire. The
hamlet lies 4 miles north-east of Colmonell,
and has a post office designated of Ayrshire.

DALKEITH, town, ducal mansion, and
parish, in east of Edinburghshire. The
town stands on a gently swelling peninsula
between the North Esk and the South
Esk, 6 miles by road, but 8 by railway,
south-east of Edinburgh ; has been a
market town from unrecorded ancient
times ; comprises a main street about
two - thirds of a mile long, partly very
spacious, extending parallel to the rivers ;
includes a handsome new suburb adjacent
to Eskbank railway station ; and has a

head post office with all departments, a
railway station at terminus of short
branch railway to its centre, 4 banking
offices, 5 hotels, a covered corn market
of 1855, an elegant Foresters' hall of 1877,
the nave and ruined choir of a church
of 1384, a conspicuous steepled church of
1844, a Free church, 3 United Presbyterian
churches, Congregational, Evangelical
Union, and Wesleyan chapels, Episco-
palian and Roman Catholic churches, and
4 public schools with aggregately about 785
scholars. Pop. 6931. — The ducal man-
sion, Dalkeith Palace, is the chief seat of
the Duke of Buccleuch ; has a grandly
wooded park of more than 1000 acres, ex-
tending along the Esks from lower end of
the town ; occupies the site of an ancient
castle, captured by the English in the time
of Edward in. ; stands on a steep rock
adjacent to the North Esk, in upper part
of the park ; was built about commence-
ment of last century, and visited by George
IV. and Queen Victoria ; and is a large
Grecian structure, with recessed centre and
projecting wings. — The parish contains
also the village of Lugton and greater part
of Whitehill. Its length is 3| miles; its
greatest breadth less than 2 miles ; its
area 2344 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£36,889. Pop. , quoad civilia, 7707 ; quoad
sacra, 3973. The surface, except in dells
along the Esks, is mostly a plain, rising
gently to the south-east; and, excepting
edificed parts, thoroughfares, and the ducal
park, is all disposed in fields and gardens.
The rocks are carboniferous, and include
rich seams of coal and limestone.

DALKEITH (WEST), quoad sacra parish,
with church in Dalkeith town, Edinburgh-
shire. Pop. 3734.

DALKS, hill on border of Coldingham
Moor, Berwickshire.

DALL, seat on south side of Loch Ran-
noch, Perthshire.

DALLACHY, divided estate in Bellie
parish, Elginshire.

DALLAS, village and parish in centre of
Elginshire. The village stands 9 miles
south-east of Forres, and has a post office
under Forres. Pop. 212. The parish com-
prises a main body and a detached district,
measures about 12 miles by 9, and com-
prises 22,903 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £5543. Pop. 915. The river
Lossie, issuing from a small lake at south-
western extremity, cuts the parish length-
wise into nearly equal parts, and receives
several burns in its progress. The land
consists of a strath on that river, some
vales on the burns, and a number of
flanking or bordering hills. Dallas Lodge
is a chief residence ; and the ruin of Tor
Castle is a chief antiquity. The churches
are Established and Free. There are 2
schools for 190 scholars, and 1 of them for
100 is new.

DALLAVAIRD, place, with blue slate
quarry, in Glenbervie parish, Kincardine-
shire.

DAL

120

DAL

DALMAHOY, noble mansion and craggy-
hill in Ratho parish, Edinburghshire. The
mansion stands near Caledonian Railway,
1\ miles north-east of Kirknewton, is a
seat of the Earl of Morton, and has an
Episcopalian chapel and a very fine park.
The hill is 680 feet high, presents a pre-
cipitous front to the west, and figures
prominently in a great extent of land-
scape.

DALMALLY, village on Orchy river, 3
miles from Loch Awe, and 16 miles north-
north-east of Inverary, Argyleshire. It
has picturesque environs ; is a resort of
anglers, a centre for tourists, and a good
starting-point for ascending Bencruachan ;
and has a head post office with money
order and telegraph departments, a railway
station, a hotel, Established and Free
churches, and a public school with about
90 scholars.

DALMARNOCK, suburban locality, on
the Clyde, in south-eastern outskirts of
Glasgow. It has a United Presbyterian
church of 1881.

DALMARNOCK, village, Z\ miles north-
by-west of Dunkeld, Perthshire.

DALMELLINGTON, town and parish in
Kyle district, Ayrshire. The town stands
near the Doon, 15 miles south-east of Ayr ;
dates from 11th century, but rose into
modern importance as a centre of mineral
traffic ; and has a post office with money
order and telegraph departments, desig-
nated of Ayrshire, a terminal railway sta-
tion, a banking office, waterworks of 1876,
a towered Saxon parochial church of 1846,
Free, Evangelical Union, and Roman
Catholic churches, and a public school with
about 200 scholars. Pop. 1437.— The parish
contains also the towns of Burnfoothill and
Waterside, the village of Craigmark, and
part of the village of Patna. Its length
is nearly 9 miles ; its greatest breadth about
4| miles ; its area 17,783 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1879-80, £20,446. Pop., quoad
civilia, 6383 ; quoad sacra, 6170. Doon
lake and river form the boundary with
Carrick. The ground traversed by the
river, for about a mile from the lake, is a
ravine so very deep and narrow as to
appear like a rent torn through a lofty
hill-ridge by a vertical earthquake. A
tract adjacent to the river, for about 3
miles farther on, is a plain or very slight
slope, beginning and ending with a mere
point, measuring about a mile in breadth
at its middle, and shaped altogether in
nearly the form of a crescent. The rest of
the surface, away to the eastern bound-
aries, is a series of hill-ridges and mountains
with intervening glens and gorges ; and the
front ridge terminates, to the north-east of
the town, in a basaltic colonnade about 300
feet high and 600 feet long. Coal, lime-
stone, and ironstone are plentiful ; and
extensive ironworks, commenced in 1847,
give employment to a large proportion of the
inhabitants. The chief seat is Berbeth ;
and chief antiquities are traces of a

Roman road, the moated site of an ancient
castle, and spots associated with affecting
scenes in the persecutions of the Cove-
nanters. Established and United Presby-
terian churches are at Patna. There are
4 schools for 1297 scholars, and 1 of them
for 300 is new.

DALMENY, village and parish in north-
east of Linlithgowshire. The village stands
about f mile from the Forth, and 12 miles
west-north-west of Edinburgh, is a small
place, and has a post office under Edin-
burgh, a railway station, a richly-sculp-
tured ancient Norman parochial church,
and a public school with about 137 scholars.
— The parish contains also part of Queens-
ferry town, surrounds Queensferry parish,
and consists of a main body and a detached
district. The main body is 5j miles long,
and nearly 3 miles broad ; the detached
district lies about a mile from it to the
west of Winchburgh, and measures about
If mile by 7 furlongs ; and the whole
comprises 5985 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £17,273. Pop. 1660. The sur-
face is mostly undulating, includes 3 emi-
nences averagely about 380 feet high, and
exhibits uncommon beauty of both natural
and artificial feature. Dalmeny Park, the
chief seat of the Earl of Rosebery, has a
splendid mansion and exquisite grounds,
and was visited by Queen Victoria. Dun-
das Castle and Craigie Hall also are in-
teresting seats, and Barnbougle Castle is
a palatial structure of 1880-81, with small
remnant of ancient, picturesque ruin.

DALMIGAVIE, estate with romantic dell,
in Moy parish, Inverness-shire.

DALMONACH, place, with print-fields,
near Bonhill, Dumbartonshire.

DALMONY, valley in Urquhart parish,
Inverness-shire.

DALMORE, place in Alva parish, Stir-
lingshire. It has a public school with
about 155 scholars.

DALMORE, harbour in Rosskeen parish,
Ross-shire.

DALMUIR, village, 6J miles east-south-
east of Dumbarton. It has a post office
under Glasgow, a railway station, exten-
sive paper-works, and a public school with
about 75 scholars. Pop. 936.

DALMUIR-SHORE, quondam village on
the Clyde, \ mile from Dalmuir, Dumbar-
tonshire. It had an unsightly appearance,
and was destroyed about 1860.

DALMULLIN, place, with site of ancient
monastery, in St. Quivox parish, Ayr-
shire.

DALNACARDOCH, place, 11 miles west-
north- west of Blair- Athole, Perthshire. It
had long a well-known inn, important to
travellers through the Grampians on the
road from Perth to Inverness ; and it still
commands a road southward from it to
Tummel-Bridge.

DALNASPIDAL, railway station, 2 miles
south of watershed of Central Grampians,
and about 5 miles north-west of Dalnacar-
doch, Perthshire.

DAL

121

DAL

DALNAVERT, estate in Alvie parish,
Inverness-shire.

D ALNESS, romantic cascade on Etive
river, about 5 miles from Loch Etive,
Argyleshire.

DALNOTTER, hill, with splendid view,
near Old Kilpatrick village, Dumbarton-
shire.

DALNOWHINNIE, hamlet on the Dee,
1% mile west of Aboyne, Aberdeenshire.

DALPERSIE, estate in Tullynessle parish,
Aberdeenshire.

DALQUHARRAN, seat in Dailly parish,
Ayrshire.

DALQUHURN, estate in Cardross parish,
Dumbartonshire.

DALREAGLE, estate in Kirkinner parish,
Wigtonshire.

DALREE. See Dalrt.

DALREOCH, quoad sacra parish, with
railway station, a short distance north of
Dumbarton. Pop. 3634.

DALREOCH, place, with United Presby-
terian church, in Dunning parish, Perth-
shire.

DALRIADA, ancient principality in
Western Highlands, or pristine kingdom
of the Scots. It originated with immi-
grants from a territory of same name in
north of Ireland. They came to Argyle-
shire about 503, acquired ascendency over
the Western Caledonians, and established
a monarchy, with seat at Dunstaffnage.
Their king Kenneth, who began to reign
in 836, became heir to the crown of Pictavia,
and, by uniting that to his crown of Dal-
riada, founded the kingdom of Scotland,
and he removed his court in 843 to
Forteviot.

DALRUADHAIN, ancient town of the
Dalriads, on the ground now occupied by
Campbelton, Argyleshire.

DALRULZEON, section of Caputh parish
surrounded by that of Kirkmichael, in
Perthshire.

DALRY, town and parish in Cunningham
district, Ayrshire. The town stands on
Garnock river, llj miles north-west of
Kilmarnock ; dates from beginning of 17th
century, but was long a mere hamlet ;
underwent great and rapid change from
erection of extensive ironworks about
1845 ; is now a great centre of mineral
traffic, under a blaze of blast furnaces ;
comprises a central square, and 5 principal
streets ; includes also the suburb of Blair
or Blair- Works ; and has a head post office
with all departments, a railway station, 2
banking offices, 3 chief inns, 2 Established
churches, Free, United Presbyterian, and
Roman Catholic churches, a large mission
hall of 1877, and 4 public schools with
aggregately about 847 scholars. Pop.
5010. — The parish contains also the
villages of Den, Drakemuir, and Kid-
dens, and parts of Glengarnock and
Langbar. Its length is about 10 miles ;
its greatest breadth 9 miles ; its area
19,284 acres. Real property in 1879-80,
£45,056. Pop. 10,215. The surface com-

prises four vales, with intervening hills, and
rises in one part to heights of from 634 to
946 feet above sea-level. A cavern, 183
feet long, and from 5 to 12 feet broad and
high, is at Auchenskeigh. Coal and iron-
stone abound, and are largely worked.
An Established church is at Kersland
Barony. 9 schools for 2070 scholars are
in the parish, and an enlargement of 1
of them for 313 is new.

DALRY, village and parish in north-
eastern extremity of Kirkcudbrightshire.
The village stands on Ken river, 3J miles
north of New Galloway ; is an old place
pleasantly modernized ; was the starting-
point of the Covenanters' rising which
ended in the battle of Bullion Green ; and
has a post office designated of Kirkcud-
brightshire, an inn, an ancient moat with fine
view, Established and United Presbyterian
churches, and 2 public schools with about
107 scholars. Pop. 585. — The parish
measures 14 miles in length, and 1\ miles
in extreme breadth, and comprises 34,535
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £13,303.
Pop. 988. The surface includes the left
side of a fine vale along the Ken, but is
elsewhere upland, rises in the north to
mountainous altitudes, and culminates on
the northern boundary in Black Larg, 2231
feet high. Lochinvar lake in it has re-
mains of an ancient strong castle which
belonged to the Gordons, who became
Viscounts Kenmuir ; and several places
are associated with the history of the per-
secuted Covenanters. Public schools are
at Corseglass and Stroanfreggan.

DALRY, western suburb of Edinburgh.
It is all, with slight exception, quite re-
cent ; it consists chiefly of numerous streets
and places, edificed with small or moder-
ately-sized houses ; it includes a transmuted
old mansion, Dairy House, formerly quite
rural ; it adjoins a cemetery, originally
formed as ultra-mural ; and it contains a
Free church, a Congregational church, and
a large public school.

DALRY, or DALREE, place near head of
Strathfillan, on western border of Perth-
shire. It was the scene, in 1306, of a
sharp skirmish between King Robert Bruce
and Macdougall, Lord of Lorn ; when the
famous trinket called the Brooch of Lorn,
described by Sir Walter Scott in his Lord
of the Isles, is alleged to have been lost by
Bruce to Macdougall.

DALRYMPLE, village and parish on
southern border of Kyle, Ayrshire. The
village stands on the Doon, 4 miles south-
by-east of Ayr, and has a post office under
Ayr, a railway station, Established and
Free churches, and a public school with
about 148 scholars. Pop. 285. — The
parish is 7 miles long, but comparatively
narrow, and comprises 7833 acres. Real
property in 1879-80, £15,863. Pop. 1362.
The Doon traces all the southern and
western boundary, and is flanked there by
alternately bold banks and fertile haughs.
Nearly all the surface thence is undulating

DAL

122

DAM

or rolling, and abounds in knolls or mound-
ish hills. Four lakes, Martinham, Kerse,
Snipe, and Lindston, add beauty to the
landscape. The seats are Skeldon and
Hollybush ; and the antiquities are the site
of Dalrymple Castle, the line of a Koman
road, and vestiges of 3 small Caledonian
forts.

DALSCAIRTH, seat in Troqueer parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

DALSERF, village and parish in middle
ward of Lanarkshire. The village stands
on the Clyde, 7 miles south-east of
Hamilton, is now very small, but was
once much larger, and has a parochial
church with 500 sittings, and a public
school with about 339 scholars. — The parish
contains also the post town of Larkhall,
and the villages of Millheugh and Rose-
bank. Its length is 6^ miles ; its greatest
breadth 4J miles ; its area 6956 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £31,520. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 9378; quoad sacra, 2675.
The surface rises somewhat abruptly from
the Clyde on the one side, and the Avon
on the other, and forms between them
a sort of plateau of maximum height
of about 400 feet. Coal abounds, and is
largely worked. Dalserf House, Machan,
Broomhill, Millheugh, and Millburn are
chief residences. The parish was anciently
called Machanshire, belonged to the
Comyns, went to the royal Bruces, passed
to an ancestor of the Duke of Hamilton,
and was divided among junior branches of
the Hamilton family. Established, Free,
United Presbyterian, Evangelical Union,
and Roman Catholic churches are at Lark-
hall. There are 2 schools for 501 scholars,
and 1 of them for 300 is new.

DALSETTER, hamlet in Yell Island, Shet-
land. It has a post office under Lerwick.

DALSHOLM, or DAWSHOLM, village
adjacent to Kelvin river, the Forth and
Clyde Canal, and the Glasgow and Helens-
burgh Railway, in New Kilpatrick parish,
Dumbartonshire.

DALSWINTON, village and estate in
Kirkmahoe parish, Dumfriesshire. The
village • stands near the Nith, 1\ miles
north-north-west of Dumfries, and. has a
post office under Dumfries, and a public
school with about 71 scholars. The estate
has a modern mansion on the site of an
ancient castle of the Comyns ; belonged
in the latter part of last century to Mr.
Patrick Miller, the projector of steam
navigation ; and contains a lake on which
he launched the first trial steam-boat.

DALTON, village and parish in Annan-
dale, Dumfriesshire. The village stands 6
miles north-west of Annan, and has a post
office under Lockerby, Established and Free
churches, and a public school with about
74 scholars. The parish measures 5^ miles
in length, and from \\ to 4 miles in
breadth, and comprises 6886 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £6986. Pop. 579.
The surface is partly hilly, but mostly
flat. The seats are Dormont and Rammer-

scales ; and the antiquities are the ruined
tower of Holmains, and a very distinct
Caledonian camp.

DALTON, village in Cambuslang parish,
Lanarkshire.

DALTONHOOK, estate, with vestige of
ancient strong tower, in St. Mungo parish,
Dumfriesshire.

DALTULICH, estate in Croy parish,
Inverness-shire.

DALVADDY, hamlet and coal-pits in
Campbelton parish, Argyleshire.

DALVAULT, village in Bonhill parish,
Dumbartonshire.

DALVEEN, pass in Lowther Mountains,
at north border of Durrisdeer parish,
Dumfriesshire.

DALVEY, modern seat, contiguous to
site of ancient castle, in Dyke parish,
Elginshire.

DALVOURN, place in Daviot parish,
Inverness-shire. It has a public school
with about 60 scholars.

DALWHAT, head-stream of the Cairn in
Glencairn parish, Dumfriesshire.

DALWHINNIE, place in Glentruim,
among the Central Grampians, 58J miles
south of Inverness. It has a post office
designated of Inverness-shire, a railway
station, and an inn.

DALYELL, seat in Cupar parish, Fife.

DALZXEL, parish containing Craigneuk
town, English Row, and Windmillhill
villages, and most of Motherwell town,
in middle ward of Lanarkshire. Its length
is about 4 miles ; its- breadth about 3
miles ; its area 3039 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £57,254. Pop., quoad civilia,
13,853 ; quoad sacra, 8923. The surface
rises very gently from the Clyde and the
South Calder, and is mostly level. Coal
abounds, and is extensively worked. The
chief seat is Dalziel House ; and the chief
antiquities are the line of a Roman road
and site of a Roman camp. An Established
church of 1874, a Free church, a United
Presbyterian church of 1881, a United
Presbyterian church of earlier date, a
Methodist chapel, a Roman Catholic
church, and a large public school are at
Motherwell. 5 schools for 2034 scholars
are in the parish, and 1 of them and
enlargements for 900 are new.

DALZIEL (SOUTH), quoad sacra parish,
with church, in vicinity of Motherwell,
Lanarkshire. It was constituted subse-
quent to 1874. Pop. 4930.

DAMF, lake in Applecross parish, Ross-
shire.

DAMHEAD, village in vale among the
Ochils, 5^ miles north-by-east of Kinross.
It has a post office under Milnathort.

DAMHEAD, hamlet midway between St.
Ninian's town and Airth village, Stirling-
shire.

DAMHEAD, town,now called Jamestown,
in Bonhill parish, Dumbartonshire.

DAMPH, fine lake among mountains on
eastern verge of Coigach district, Cromarty-
shire.

DAM

123

DAY

DAMSAY, beautiful islet in Firth Bay,
Firth parish, Orkney.

DAMSIDE, place, with leech-ponds, in
Auchterarder parish, Perthshire.

DANDALEITH, railway station and fine
haugh on the Spey in Kothes parish,
Elginshire.

DANESHELT. See Dunshelt.

DANEVALE, seat in Crossmichael parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

DANNA, island in North Knapdale parish,
Argyleshire. Pop. 40.

DANSKINE, place, 5J miles south-east-
by-south of Haddington.

DARA, rivulet, running about 10 miles
south-westward and 3 miles north-west-
ward to the Deveron, near Turriff, Aber-
deenshire.

DARDAR, dell, with cascade, on coast of
Aberdour parish, Aberdeenshire.

DARGAVEL, seat in Erskine parish,
Renfrewshire.

DARGIE, village about 3 miles west of
Dundee.

DARK-MILE, glen between Loch Archaig
and Loch Lochy, Inverness-shire. Its
character is very similar to that of the
Trossachs, but with larger and more
striking features.

DARLEITH, estate in Bonhill parish,
Dumbartonshire.

DARLINGSHAUGF, suburb and section
of Galashiels at verge of Roxburghshire.

DARLINGTON, suburb of Stewarton,
Ayrshire.

DARMEAD, head-stream of the Breich,
in Cambusnethan parish, Lanarkshire.

DARNAWAY, hamlet and noble mansion
on west border of Elginshire. The hamlet
lies about 3£ miles south-west of Forres,
and has a post office under Forres. The
mansion, Darnaway Castle, is a seat of the
Earl of Moray, and is partly ancient, but
chiefly modern.

DARNGABER, village and vestige of
ancient castle on south-east side of
Hamilton parish, Lanarkshire, Pop.
with Quarter, 886.

DARNHALL, a seat of Lord Eli-
bank, near Eddlestone village, Peebles-
shire.

DARNICK, village on eastern verge of
Abbotsford estate, about a mile west of
Melrose, Roxburghshire. It has a post
office under Melrose ; contains a massive
tower of 15th century, now furnished
as a museum of Border antiquities ; and
gave to Sir "Walter Scott, among many of
his familiar friends, the soubriquet of
'Duke of Darnick.' Pop. 448.

DARNLEY, ancient barony, 2 miles south-
west of Pollockshaws, Renfrewshire. It
belonged for ages to a branch of the
Stewarts ; gave them the peerage title
of lord, so prominent in history as borne
by the husband of Queen Mary ; and was
sold about 1757 to Sir John Maxwell of
Pollock.

DARNOW, place, with public school, in
Kirkcowan parish, Wigtonshire.

DAROCHVILLE, seat in Inverness parish,
Inverness-shire.

DARRA, hill in Turriff parish, Aber-
deenshire.

DARRACH, hill on western verge of
Denny parish, Stirlingshire.

DARtJEL, rivulet, traversing Glendaruel
to head of Loch Striven, in Argyleshire.

DARVEL, town on Irvine river, 9 miles
east-by-north of Kilmarnock, Ayrshire.
It has a post office under Kilmarnock, a
banking office, an ancient fortalice, a Free
church, and a ptiblic school with about
130 scholars. Pop. 1700.

DAVA, place, 8^ miles north of Grantown,
Elginshire. It has a post office under
Grantown and a railway station.

DAVAR. See Devaar.

DAVEN, lake in Logie-Coldstone parish,
Aberdeenshire.

DAVID. See Daviot.

DAVIDSON'S MAINS (popularly MUT-
TONHOLE), village, 3£ miles west-north-
west of Edinburgh. It has a post office
with all departments, designated of Mid-
lothian, and a Free church. Pop. 744.

DAVID (ST.), parish, with church at head
of Candlerigg street, Glasgow. Pop.,
quoad sacra, 9157.

DAVID (ST.), quoad sacra parish, with
Established and Free churches, in west of
Edinburgh. Pop. 9456.

DAVID (ST.), quoad sacra parish, with
Established and. Free churches, in Dundee.
Pop. 25,975.

DAVID (ST.), quoad sacra parish, with
Established and Free churches, in Kirk-
intilloch, Dumbartonshire. Pop. 3786.

DAVID'S (ST.), seaport village, 2 miles
east of Inverkeithing, Fife.

DAVID'S (ST)., village in Madderty
parish, Perthshire.

DAVINGTON, place in Eskdalemuir
parish, Dumfriesshire. It has a public
school with about 43 scholars.

DAVIOT (popularly DAVID), village and
parish in Garioch district, Aberdeenshire.
The village stands 9 miles north-west of
Aberdeen, and has a post office under
Aberdeen, a parochial church, and a public
school. The parish is about 3 miles long,
and comprises 4454 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £5532. Pop., quoad civilia,
515; quoad sacra, 658. A gently
undulated ridge extends through the
middle from nearly end to end, and two
similar but shorter and lower ridges extend
along the sides. The chief residence is
Fingask ; and the chief antiquities are
remains of two ancient Caledonian stone
circles.

DAVIOT, hamlet in Inverness-shire, and
parish partly also in Nairnshire. The ham-
let lies on river Nairn, 6| miles south-east
of Inverness, and has a post office under
Inverness, an Established church, a Free
church, and a public school. The parish
is about 23 miles long, and from scarcely
1| to 5| miles broad, but includes only 388
acres in Nairnshire. Real property in

DAY

124

DEE

1880-81, of the Inverness-shire part,
£11,561; of the Nairnshire part, £1466.
Pop. 1133 and 119. The surface includes
portions of Drummossie Moor and the
Monadhleagh Mountains, but consists, for
more than nine-tenths of its entire area,
of the greater part of Strathnairn valley ;
and it presents, in the aggregate, a wild
and striking appearance. The chief resi-
dences are Daviot House and Farr; and
the chief antiquities are remains of an
ancient castle and of several ancient
Caledonian stone circles. Dunlichity old
parish is united to Daviot, and its church
stands 7 miles west of Daviot hamlet, and
is still in use. 5 schools for 400 scholars
are within the united parish, and 3 of
them for 220 are new.

DAVISTON, burn in Cadder parish,
Lanarkshire.

DAVO, picturesque ravine in Garvock
parish, Kincardineshire.

DA WAN, lake on border of Logie-Cold-
stone parish, Aberdeenshire.

DA WICK, mansion and old parish in
Peeblesshire. The mansion stands on the
Tweed, about 7 miles south-west of Peebles,
and is the seat of Sir James Nasmyth,
Bart. The parish was suppressed in 1742,
and divided between Drummelzier and
Stobo.

DEAD, affluent of the Lyne, in Newlands
parish, Peeblesshire.

DEAD, vast bog in north-east of Castleton
parish, Roxburghshire.

DEADMANGILL, notable cairn in Mous-
wald parish, Dumfriesshire.

DEAL (LEAS OF), hill, 820 feet high, at
head of Deals voe, Shetland.

DEALS, voe or bay in Tingwall parish,
Shetland.

DEAN,each of numerous stream-traversed
ravines or deep narrow vales in many parts
of Scotland. The name occurs both alone
and as a prefix, and it is usually written
' dean ' in places south of the Forth, and
' den ' in places to the north. Many a dean
or den is a cul-de-sac, escarped or copse-
clad on the sides.

DEAN, suburb and quoad sacra parish
on left side of "Water of Leith, above Stock-
bridge, Edinburgh. The suburb was origi-
nally a rural village dating from the time
of David I. ; retains a few old houses in-
termixed with modern ones ; adjoins on
one side an elegant modern suburb on
tabular ground, and descends on another
nearly into junction with a dingy old
village in bottom of Water of Leith ravine ;
and contains or adjoins an Established
church of 1856, a Free church, Trinity
Episcopalian church, a bridge of 1832, and
a cemetery formed in 1845. The bridge
spans the Water of Leith ravine, has 4
arches, each 96 feet in span, and measures
447 feet in length, 39 feet in width, and
106 feet in height. The cemetery was
greatly extended and partly re-embellished
in 1872, and it contains the graves of many
of Edinburgh's most distinguished public

men. The quoad sacra parish is part of
St. Cuthbert's. Pop. 5039.

DEAN, river, running about 10 miles
west-south-westward from Forfar loch to
the Isla, at boundary with Perthshire.

DEAN, burn, running to the Forth, in
Borrowstownness parish, Linlithgowshire.

DEAN, village in Wilton parish, Rox-
burghshire.

DEAN, ruined castellated mansion about
a mile north-east of Kilmarnock, Ayrshire.
It belonged to the Earls of Kilmarnock,
the last of whom suffered death for par-
ticipation in the rebellion of 1745 ; but it
was destroyed by fire in 1735.

DEANBURNHAUGH, village in Roberton
parish, Roxburghshire. It has a post office
under Hawick.

DEANPARK, quoad sacra parish in south-
western suburbs of Glasgow. Pop. 2048.

DEANS, village in Cambuslang parish,
Lanarkshire.

DEANSTON, village on river Teith, about
a mile west of Doune, Perthshire. It pre-
sents a pleasant appearance ; is noted in
connection with Mr. James Smith, the
famous mechanician and agricultural im-
prover, who died in 1850 ; and has a post
office under Stirling, extensive cotton mills,
and a public school with about 292 scholars.
Pop. 679. Deanston mansion is in its
vicinity.

DEAOTHACK, affluent of the Glass,
Inverness-shire.

DEAS, headland at southern extremity
of Kintvre, Argyleshire.

DECHMONT, hill, with fine view, 1\ miles
south-west of Cambuslang, Lanarkshire.
It once had many ancient cairns, and is
the subject of a poem by John Struthers.

DECHMONT, village and hill in Living-
stone parish, Linlithgowshire. Pop. 214.

DEE, river rising among Cairngorm
Mountains, and running east-by-northward
to the sea at Aberdeen. Its length of
course, in direct line, is 64 miles ; along
its bed, at least 96 miles. It makes a stu-
pendous aggregate descent to the foot of
the Cairngorms ; forms, about 6 miles
above Castleton, a series of falls, called the
Linn of Dee ; and runs so slowly from
Castleton to the sea, as nowhere to afford
water-power for a mill. Its affluents are
very numerous, but are mostly torrents or
burns.

DEE, river of Kirkcudbrightshire. It
is formed by conflux of the Ken and the
Black Dee ; goes prevailingly southward
to Solway Firth at mouth of Kirkcud-
bright Bay ; expands over the first 5
miles into a series of narrow lakes ; makes
a total run of about 20 miles ; and is navig-
able for about 7 miles from the Solway.

DEE, lake, about If mile long, in Minni-
gaff pat-ish, Kirkcudbrightshire ; also the
series of narrow lakes in Kirkcudbright-
shire Dee.

DEE (BLACK), river, running 18 miles
chiefly south-eastward to confluence with
the Ken, in Kirkcudbrightshire. It re-

DEE

125

DEL

ceives, in its upper parts, a small affluent
from the Minnigaff Loch Dee.

DEE BRIDGE. See Bridge or Dee.

DEECHOID, mountain in Muckairn
section of Ardchattan parish, Argyleshire.

DEER, small river, running about 16
miles east-south-eastward and eastward
to the Ugie, at 4£ miles from Peterhead,
Aberdeenshire.

DEERLAW, hill in Yarrow parish, Sel-
kirkshire.

DEERNESS, quoad sacra parish averagely
about miles east-by-south of Kirkwall,
Orkney. It forms politically part of St.
Andrews ; was made separate quoad sacra
in 1845 ; consists mainly of a peninsula,
the most easterly land of Pomona, but
includes the islands of Copinshay, Corn-
holm, and Horse ; and has a post office
under Kirkwall, an Established church, a
Free church, and a public school with
about 87 scholars. Real property in
1880-81, £1977. Pop. 867.

DEER (NEW), village and parish in
Buchan district, Aberdeenshire. The
village stands 16| miles west of Peterhead,
and has a post office, with money order
department, under Aberdeen, 2 banking-
offices, an Established church of 1840, a
Free church, a United Presbyterian church
of 1877, a Congregational church of 1880,
and a public school with about 155
scholars. — The parish contains also the
villages or hamlets of Whitehill, Knavan,
Cairnbanno, and Brucklaw, and part of
Savoch quoad sacra parish. Its length is
12 miles ; its greatest breadth fully 5
miles ; its area 26,750 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £23,211. Pop., quoad
civilia, 4875 ; quoad sacra, 4097. The
surface is mostly flat, and rises nowhere
higher than about 300 feet above sea-level.
The chief residences are Brucklaw and
Nethermuir ; and the chief antiquities are
ruins of Federate Castle, and vestiges or
sites of many ancient Caledonian monu-
ments. An Established church is at
Savoch, and United Presbyterian churches
are at Savoch and "Whitehill. 8
schools for 880 scholars are within the
parish, exclusive of Savoch, and 3 of
them for 414 are new.

DEER (OLD), village in Buchan district,
Aberdeenshire, and parish partly also in
Banffshire. The village stands on Deer
river, 10^ miles west-by-north of Peter-
head, and has a post office under Mintlaw,
a banking office, Established, Free, and
Episcopalian churches, and 2 public
schools with about 226 scholars. Pop.
252. — The parish contains also the villages
of Steuartfield, Biffy, and Fetterangus,
and consists of a compact main body in
Aberdeenshire, and a detached tract in
Banffshire. The main body measures 11
by 5^ miles, and comprises 24,564 acres ;
and the detached tract comprises 2799
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £25,049
and £3113. Pop., quoad civilia, 5104 ;
quoad sacra, 3772. The surface is partly

flat, but mainly undulating, and includes
many rising grounds, cultivated to the
summit. The chief residence is Pitfour,
and the chief antiquity is the ruin of a
great abbey of the 13th century. A Free
church is at Clola, and United Presby-
terian and Congregational churches are at
Steuartfield. 7 public schools, with about
790 scholars, are in the parish.

DEESIDE, valley of the Dee, partly in
Kincardineshire, but chiefly in Aberdeen-
shire.

DEIL'S BEEF TUB, vast hollow contigu-
ous to public road, 5 miles north-by-west
of Moffat, north verge of Dumfriesshire.
It is described in Sir Walter Scott's
Redqauntlet.

DEIL'S CAUSEWAY, remains of Roman
road in Stonehouse parish, Lanarkshire.

DEIL'S DYKE, ancient line of fortifica-
tion from Loch Ryan in Wigtonshire,
through Minnigaff, Glencairn, Penpont,
and Lochmaben parishes, to upper part of
Solway Firth in Dumfriesshire. It is now
in many parts quite extinct ; in other
parts, more or less obscure ; in some parts,,
still very distinct.

DEIL'S KNAP, hillock, anciently a beacon
or signal post, in Lunan parish, Forfarshire.

DELFOUR, place, with remarkable assem-
blage of ancient Caledonian monuments,
comprising cairn, obelisk, and two stone
circles, in Alvie parish, Inverness-shire.

DELGATTY. See Dalgetty.

DELLAGYLE, place with notable cave in
Knockando parish, Elginshire.

DELNIES, village on coast of Nairn
parish, Nairnshire. It has a public school
with about 115 scholars.

DELNY, place, 3| miles north-east of
Invergordon, Ross-shire. It has a post
office designated of Inverness-shire, and a.
railway station.

DELORAINE, tract on Ettrick river, 17
miles south-west of Selkirk. It gave the
title of earl in 1706 to a branch of th&
family of Scott ; and the title became
extinct in 1807.

DELTING, parish a little north of the
middle of Shetland. It comprehends part
of Mainland between Yell Sound and St.
Magnus Bay, the islands of Muckle Roe
and Little Roe, and the islets of Brother,
Fishholm, and Bigga, and contains the
hamlet of Mossbank, with post office under
Lerwick. Its length is variously stated at
14 and 10 miles, its breadth at 6 and 8
miles. Real property in 1880-81, £2312.
Pop. 1654. The surface is much inter-
sected by the sea, and presents for the
most part a hilly, bleak, and barren
appearance. Caves are at Culsterness and
Trondavoe. The seats are Busta, Garth,
Ulhouse, and Mossbank ; and the chief
antiquities are vestiges or sites of ancient
castles. The churches are 2 Established,.
1 Free, and 1 United Presbyterian. There
are 7 schools for 272 scholars, and 5 of
them for 174 are new.

DELVINE, seat of Sir Alexander M.

DEL

126

DES

Mackenzie, Bart., in Caputh parish,
Perthshire.

DELVORICH, village in Kilmadock
parish, Perthshire.

DEN. See Dean.

DEN, village in Dairy parish, Ayrshire.
Pop. 995.

DENBRAE, seat near St. Andrews, Fife.

DENEND, village in Newtyle parish,
Forfarshire.

DENFENELLA, romantic ravine, with
cascade of 65 feet, spanned by lofty,
handsome bridge, in St. Cyrus parish,
Kincardineshire.

DENHEAD, hamlet in Cameron parish,
Fife. It has a post office under St.
Andrews, and a public school with about
47 scholars.

DENHEAD, hamlet in Logie-Buchan
parish, Aberdeenshire. It has a post
office under Ellon, and a public school
with about 79 scholars.

DENHEAD, village a short distance west
of Dundee.

DENHOLM, village adjacent to the
Teviot, 5 miles north-east of Hawick,
Roxburghshire. It stands on a plateau,
adjoins a picturesque wooded dell, includes
a spacious square, and has a post office
with all departments under Hawick, water-
works of 1874, an obeliskal monument to
the poet Leyden, a Free church, and a
public school with about 187 scholars,
Pop. 592.

DENINO. See Dunino.

DENMILL, village a short distance west
of Dundee.

DENMILL, ruined ancient castellated
seat, 1^ mile south-east of Newburgh,
Fife.

DENNIS, headland in north-east of
North Ronaldshay, Orkney.

DENNISTON, suburb, 1J mile east-by-
north of Royal Exchange, Glasgow. It
was founded in 1860 ; consists of handsome
streets and fine villas in symmetrical ar-
rangement ; presents a pleasant aspect,
strongly contrasted to that of neighbouring
suburbs ; stands in near vicinity to Alex-
andra Park ; communicates by tramway
with most parts of the city ; and contains
a Romanesque Established church of 1877,
a neat steepled Free church of about 1870,
and a costly Italian United Presbyterian
church of 1878.

DENNISTON, suburb of Dumbarton.

DENNY, town and parish in south-east
of Stirlingshire. The town stands on river
Carron, at terminus of branch railway, 1\
miles by road, but 13J by railway, south-
by-east of Stirling ; was only a hamlet in
latter part of last century ; is now a con-
siderable and prosperous seat of manufac-
ture ; comprises j)arts more or less old and
recent within Denny parish, and a large
suburb within Dunipace ; and has a head
post office with all departments, a railway
station, 2 banking offices, several good inns,
Established, Free, United Presbyterian,
and Roman Catholic churches, and a public

school with about 221 scholars. The U.P.
church was reconstructed in 1881 at a cost
of about £12,000. Pop. of town proper,
2823; of town and suburbs, 4080.—
The parish contains also Denny-Loanhead,
Parkfoot, Longcroft, and Fankerton vil-
lages, most of Hollandbush and Haggs,
and part of Bonnybridge. Its length is
6 miles ; its breadth about 4 miles ; its
area 8309 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£24,508. Pop., quoad civilia, 5728 ; quoad
sacra, 3464. A hill-ridge extends through
the centre from east to west ; slopes,
with some undulations, go thence to
the Carron on the north, and to the
Bonny on the south ; and Darrach Hill
rises abruptly and prominently on the
western border. Coal and ironstone are
worked. A chief seat is Myothill, and
chief antiquities are sites of Caledonian
camps. Established churches are at
Haggs and Bonnybridge, and a United
Presbyterian church is at Denny-Loanhead.
4 schools for 792 scholars are within the
parish, and 3 of them for 650 are new.

DENNYBRIDGE, suburb or section of
Denny, Stirlingshire.

DENNYFERN, remains of ancient castle
in Lethnot parish, Forfarshire.

DENNY-LOANHEAD, village, \\ mile
south of Denny, Stirlingshire. It has a
post office under Denny, and a United
Presbyterian church.

DENNYSTON. See Denniston.

DENOON, glen and site of old castle in
Glammis parish, Forfarshire.

DENOVAN, village and mansion in
northern vicinity of Denny, Stirlingshire.

DENSIDE, place, with public school, in
Tannadice parish, Forfarshire.

DERCLEUCH, lake in Straiton parish,
Ayrshire.

DERCULICH, seat and lake in Dull
parish, Perthshire.

DERGAN, rivulet, running northward
to Loch Creran, in Ardchattan parish,
Argyleshire.

DERNAGLAR, lake, 4 miles east of Glen-
luce, Wigtonshire.

DERNCONNER, village in Auchinleck
parish, Ayrshire. Pop. 550.

DERNOCK. See Darnick.

DERVAIG, place in north of Mull Island,
Argyleshire. It has a post office, with
money order department, under Oban.

DESKFORD, parish averagely about 3|
miles south of Cullen, Banffshire. It has
a post office under Fochabers. Its length
is about 5 miles ; its breadth about 3
miles ; its area 8155 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £4446. Pop. 849. The sur-
face is a hill-screened valley, traversed
northward by Deskford burn, and cut in
the sides by ravines with small cascades,
The parish gives the peerage title of baron
to the Earl of Seafield, and contains the
ruined residence of his ancestors. The
churches are Established and Free. There
are 2 schools for 207 scholars, and 1 of
them for 175 is new.

DES

127

DIN

DESKIE, quondam chapelry in Inveraven
parish, Banffshire.

DESKRY, rivulet, running about 9 miles
northward to the Don, at upper boundary
of Towie parish, Aberdeenshire.

DESS, railway station and rivulet in
Deeside, Aberdeenshire. The station is
3 miles east of Aboyne, and the rivulet
issues from Auchlossen Loch, makes a fine
waterfall called Slog of Dess, and enters
the Dee in vicinity of the station.

DESSWOOD, seat near Kincardine
O'Neil, Aberdeenshire.

DEUCALEDONIAN SEA, the part of the
Atlantic among and around the Hebrides.

DEUCHAR, seat in Fearn parish, Forfar-
shire.

DEUGH, rivulet , running tortuously about
15 miles to right side of the Ken, at 1\
miles north-by-west of New Galloway,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

DEVANA, site of Roman camp on the
Dee in Peterculter parish, Aberdeenshire.

DEVAR, or DEVAAR, island in mouth
of Campbelton Loch, Kintyre, Argyleshire.
A lighthouse is on it, with revolving light
visible at the distance of 17 nautical miles.

DEVERON, river of Aberdeenshire and
Banffshire. It rises on uplands 4 miles
south-west of Buck of Cabrach ; runs in
various directions, but averagely north-
eastward ; receives in its progress the
Bogie, the Isla, and some lesser affluents ;
has a total course of 35 miles in straight
line, but at least 50 along its bed; is
impetuous in its' upper reaches, but slow
in its middle and lower ones ; descends
from Highland glens to traverse a diversity
of fertile beautiful lowland tracts ; and
enters the sea between Banff and Macduff.

DEVIL'S CALDRON, dark dismal cavern,
with cascade into it from deep narrow
chasm, in course of Lednock river, Perth-
shire.

DEVIL'S CALDRON, enclosed circular
ancient structure, believed to have been
a place of Romish penance, in vale of St.
Blane, Isle of Bute.

DEVIL'S MILL, reverberating cataract
of Devon river, within a fissure a little
above Rumbling Bridge, about 4 miles
east-north-east of Dollar, Clackmannan-
shire.

DEVIL'S STAIRCASE, difficult descend-
ing old road from a point near head of
Glencoe to a point near head of Loch
Leven, on north border of Argyleshire.

DEVOLS, rocky wooded glen, with
brook making two cascades, in western
vicinity of Port - Glasgow, Renfrew-
shire.

DEVON, river of Perthshire, Kinross-
shire, and Clackmannanshire. It rises
near the watershed of the Southern Ochils;
makes a great detour to the east ; has a
total course along its bed of about 26
miles ; and enters the Forth at Cambus,
miles in straight line south-south-west
of its source. Famous cataracts and falls
are on it near Crook of Devon ; and the

scenery over great part of its course is
highly picturesque, and has been celebrated
by Burns.

DEVON, ironworks, and public school
with about 148 scholars, in Clackmannan
parish, Clackmannanshire.

DEVON (BLACK or SOUTH), rivulet,
running about 6 miles westward and south-
westward to the Forth, at \\ mile below
Alloa.

DEVONHILL, place on _ west side of
Hamilton parish, Lanarkshire.

DEVONSHAW, seat about 2 \ miles
east-north-east of Dollar, Clackmannan-
shire.

DEVONSHAW, hill, with ancient cir-
cular camp, in "Wandell parish, Lanark-
shire.

DEVONSIDE, village in Tillicoultry
parish, Clackmannanshire. Pop. 479.

DEVON VALLEY RAILWAY, railway
from Tillicoultry station of Stirling and
Dunfermline Railway into junction with
the Fife and Kinross. It was opened on
1st May 1863, and became amalgamated
with the North British in January 1875.

DEWAR, hamlet and lofty hill in Heriot
parish, Edinburghshire.

DEWARTON, village in Borthwick par-
ish, Edinburghshire.

DEWS, quondam lake in Fetteresso
parish, Kincardineshire.

DHAIL, hamlet and headland, 5 miles
south-west of Butt of Lewis, Outer Heb-
rides.

DHIVACH. See DiVACH.

DHU, lake, overhung by precipices more
than 1000 feet high, in Glenmuick parish,
Aberdeenshire. A rill drops into it from
a height of about 200 feet ; and a brook,
forming a series of small cascades, goes
from it to Loch Muick.

DHU, lake in Wick parish, Caithness.

DHU, mountain in Luss parish, Dum-
bartonshire.

DHUISK, or DUSK, rivulet, running
about 10 miles north-eastward to the
Stinchar, in south of Carrick, Ayrshire.

DICHMOUNT, hill in St. Vigeans par-
ish, Forfarshire. Its summit is crowned
with a large cairn, and was anciently the
seat of baronial courts.

DICHMOUNT, Lanarkshire. See Dech-

MONT.

DIFFICULTY, cape in south-west of
Harris, Outer Hebrides.

DIGHTY, small river, running about 15
miles eastward to Firth of Tay, at 2 miles
east of Broughty Ferry, Forfarshire.

DIGMORE, small harbour in North Uist,
Outer Hebrides.

DIKEHEAD. See Dykehead.

DILLICHIP, printworks in Bonhill par-
ish, Dumbartonshire.

DILTY, morass in Carmylie and Guthrie
parishes, Forfarshire.

DINARD, lake and rivulet in north-west
of Sutherland. The lake lies among
mountains on south verge of Durness
parish, measures about 3 miles in circuit,

DIN

128

DOC

and is overlooked by a cave which the
Lords Reay used as a sporting-lodge ; and
the rivulet issues from it, runs im-
petuously about 8 miles northward, is
overhung midway by Benspionna, and
enters the head of Kyle of Durness.

DINGLETON, suburb of Melrose, Rox-
burghshire.

DINGWALL, town and parish in south-
east of Ross-shire. The town stands in
mouth of Strathpeffer, at head of Crom-
arty Firth, 18^ miles north-west of Inver-
ness ; ranks as a seaport, a royal burgh,
and the capital of Ross-shire ; unites with
Cromarty, Tain, Dornoch, Wick, and
Kirkwall in sending a member to Parlia-
ment ; comprises a main street about \
mile long, and a number of small streets
and lanes ; and has a head post office with
all departments, a railway station, 3 bank-
ing offices, 2 hotels, fine castellated County
Buildings, an obeliskal monument erected
by the first Earl of Cromarty, foundations
and fosse of ancient castle of the Earls of
Ross, handsome Established, Free, and
Episcopalian churches of respectively 1801,
1869, and 1872, and 2 public schools with
jointly about 326 scholars. Real property
in 1880-81, exclusive of railway, £7408.
Pop. 1921 . — The parish is nearly an
oblong of about lOf square miles. Real
property of landward part in 1880-81,
£4993. Pop. 2220. The surface includes
a skirt of Benwyvis and a part of Strath-
peffer, is elsewhere diversified by hill and
valley, and presents on the whole a very
beautiful appearance. There are 3 schools
for 445 scholars, and an enlargement of 1
of them for 150 is new.

DINGWALL, extinct ancient baronial
fortalice on site of St. James square, Edin-
burgh.

DINGY'S HOW, ancient tumulus, 30 feet
high, in St. Andrews parish, Orkney.

DINLABYRE, estate and burn, the
latter with beautiful cascade, in Castleton
parish, Roxburghshire.

DINNET, place, 4| miles west of Aboyne,
Aberdeenshire. It has a post office under
Aberdeen, a railway station, and a quoad
sacra parochial church for a pop. of 311.
Dinnet burn, entering the Dee in its vicinity,
receives the effluence of lakes in Tullich
and Logie-Coldstone parishes, and may be
regarded as the boundary between the
Highlands and the Lowlands of Deeside.

DINWOODIE, old chapelry, now forming
northern section of Applegarth parish,
Dumfriesshire. It has a railway station
%\ miles north of Lockerby.

DIONARD. See DlNARD.

DIPPEN, headland near south-eastern
extremity of Arran Island, Buteshire. It
rises almost vertically to the height of
about 300 feet, and is leaped by a brook
forming a curve of spray.

DIPPEN, seat on south-east side of West
Loch Tarbert, Argyleshire.

DIPPLE, ancient parish, now included in
Speymouth, Elginshire.

DIPPOOL, rivulet, running about 1\
miles south-westward to the Mouse, in
Lanarkshire.

DIRIE, head - stream of the Conan, in
Ross-shire.

DIRLET, ancient castle, on high preci-
pitous rock overhanging Thurso river, in
Halkirk parish, Caithness.

DIRLETON, village and parish on coast of
Haddingtonshire. The village stands about
LJ mile from the sea, and 3 miles south-
west-by-west of North Berwick ; occupies
the sides of a large triangular green ;
comprises neat modern cottages with
garden plots on two sides, and massive ruins
of Dirleton Castle on the third side ; and
has a post office under Drem, a railway
station, a fine bowling-green, Established
and Free churches, and a public school
with about 121 scholars. Pop. 343.
The castle was built in the 12th century
by the family of Vaux; made strong re-
sistance to the English in 1298, but was
taken and held by them till 1306 ; passed
afterwards to the Halyburtons, and gave
them the peerage title of Lords Dirleton,
a title now held by the Earl of Mar ; was
captured and dismantled by Cromwell ;
and is noticed by Sir Walter Scott in his
Border Antiquities. — The parish contains
also the villages of Gulane, Kingston, and
Fenton, and is 5% miles long and 4 miles
broad. Acres, 9146. Real property in
18S0-81, £16,955. Pop. 1506. The sur-
face, though diversified by two low parallel
ridges, looks to be flat ; and includes, be-
tween Dirleton village and the sea, a tract
long famous as a remarkably fine coursing-
field. The chief residence is Archerfield,
and the chief antiquity, besides Dirleton
Castle, is the ruined church of Gulane.

DIRRINGTONS, two conical hills, Great
and Little, in Longformacus parish, Ber-
wickshire.

DIRU, lake and offset of Benloyal in
Tongue parish, Sutherland.

DISBLAIR, estate, with mansion and
public school, in Fintray parish, Aberdeen-
shire.

DISTINCTHORN, mountain, 1258 feet
high, 6 miles east-south-east of Galston,
eastern border of Ayrshire. It commands a
magnificent view.

DIVACH, affluent of the Coiltie in Ur-
quhart parish, Inverness-shire. It makes
a profound waterfall, equal in picturesque-
ness to the Fall of Foyers.

DIVIE, picturesque rivulet, rising on
Brae Moray, and running about 10 miles
north-westward to the Findhorn, in Elgin-
shire.

DOCHART, lake and river in Killin
parish, Perthshire. The lake lies in the
head of Glendochart, receives the rivulet
Fillan from Strathfillan, is overhung on
the south by Benmore, measures about
3 miles in length, and contains a floating
islet. The river issues from the lake, runs
about 10 miles east-north-eastward along
the rest of Glendochart, and unites with

DOC

129

DOO

the Lochy to fall into Loch Tay at Killin
village.

DOCHFOUR, lake, burn, and seat, about
4 miles south-west of Inverness. The lake
is a terminating wing of Loch Ness, and
measures about mile in length. The
burn makes some fine cascades, and falls
into the lake. The seat is on the lake's left
side, and is a handsome Venetian edifice.

DOCHGARROCH, burn and regulating
lock on Caledonian Canal, near foot of
Loch Ness, Inverness-shire.

DOCHIE, quondam chapelry in Monifieth
parish, Forfarshire.

DOD, hill in Castleton parish, Roxburgh -
shire.

DODHEAD, low hill-ridge in Newlands
parish, Peeblesshire.

DOG, islet in Menteith Loch, Port-of-
Menteith parish, Perthshire.

DOGDEN, extensive moss in Greenlaw
and "Westruther parishes, Berwickshire.

DOGS, small island in Loch Laggan,
Inverness-shire.

DOGS, ferry on Loch Leven on mutual
border of Argyleshire and Inverness-shire.

DOG'S STONE, isolated rock, subject of
curious legends, on the shore near Oban,
Argyleshire.

DOINE, lake in Balquhidder parish,
Perthshire.

DOLL, rivulet and glen in Clova parish,
Forfarshire.

DOLLAR, parish in Clackmannanshire,
and town slightly also in Perthshire. The
town stands on a sloping plain, between
Devon river and the Ochils, 6£ miles
north-east of Alloa ; presents a charming
appearance, amid picturesque scenery ;
consists of old section, new section, and
long outskirt of villas ; and has a post
office with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Clackmannan-
shire, a railway station, a banking office,
a hotel, a large endowed educational in-
stitution, a parochial church of 1841, a
Free church, a United Presbyterian church
of 1877, and an Episcopalian church of
1880. Pop. 2014.— The parish is about 3
miles long, and comprises 4773 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £12,247. _ Pop. 2500.
The surface comprises a fine plain or valley,
with part of the Ochils on the north, and
gently rising ground on the south. Coal
is largely worked, and iron-ore abounds.
A chief object is Castle Campbell. There
are 3 schools with accommodation for 1680
scholars.

DOLLARBURN, old tower in Manor
parish, Peeblesshire.

DOLLAR LAW, mountain,2680 feet high,
with extensive view, 9 miles south-west
of Peebles.

DOLLARS, seat near Kilmarnock, Ayr-
shire.

DOLLAS. See Dallas.

DOLLERIE, seat in Madderty parish,
Perthshire.

DOLLS, place, with distillery, near Men-
strie, Clackmannanshire.

DOLPHINSTON, hamlet, with some
ancient ruins, 2 miles west of Tranent,
Haddingtonshire.

DOLPHINTON, hamlet and parish on
south-east border of Lanarkshire. The
hamlet lies 11£ miles south-east of Car-
stairs Junction, and has a post office,
designated of Peeblesshire, a railway
station, a parochial church, and a public
school with about 61 scholars. — The
parish is about 3 miles long, and com-
prises 3574 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £3519. Pop. 292, The surface
has a minimum altitude of about 700 feet
above sea-level, and contains the conical
mount of Keir Hill, and the mountain of
Dolphinton Hill, yet is mostly arable.

DOLPHISTON, hamlet, with ancient
tower, 4| miles south-south-east of Jed-
burgh, Roxburghshire.

DOLT, hill in Kirkmaiden parish, Wig-
tonshire.

DON, river of Aberdeenshire. It rises
on a spur of Cairngorm Mountains, at
boundary with Banffshire ; runs crookedly
in eastward direction to the sea about a
mile north-east of Old Aberdeen ; and
achieves a course of 44 miles measured in
straight line, but probably double that
distance along its bed. Its chief affluents
are the Conry, the Carvy, and tbe Leochel
on the right, and the Ernan, the Nochty,
the Bucket, the Kindy, and the Ury on
the left. Its basin for about 18 miles
from its source is prevailingly upland, but
afterwards includes much meadow and
valley, and throughout contains a large
aggregate of delightful scenery.

DON, sea-loch, 4 miles long, on east coast
of Mull Island, opposite Kerrera, Argyle-
shire.

DONALDS, cleugh in Tweedsmuir parish,
Peeblesshire. It was a retreat of the
famous Covenanter, Donald Cargill.

DONAN, small island in Loch Alsh,
Ross-shire. See also Castle-Donan.

DONAVOURD, seat near Pitlochrie,
Perthshire.

DON (BRIDGE OF). See Bridge of Don.

DONIBRISTLE, village and noble seat,
between Aberdour and Inverkeithing, on
coast of Fife. The village is inhabited
chiefly by colliers, and has a public school
with about 138 scholars. Pop. 502.
The seat was originally the residence of
the abbot of Inchcolm ; underwent en-
largement to become the residence of the
Earl of Moray ; and was destroyed by fire
in 1858.

DONKINS, place, with limeworks, in
Middlebie parish, Dumfriesshire.

DOON, lake in Kirkcudbrightshire and
Ayrshire, and river dividing Carrick from
Kyle in Ayrshire. The lake measures 6
miles in length, and from 3 to 6 furlongs
in breadth ; is engirt with wild, sequestered
uplands ; contains an islet with ruined
ancient castle ; and makes its effluence
through artificial sluices. The river com-
mences at these sluices ; runs for about a

I

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130

DOU

mile along a deep narrow ravine ; proceeds
about 16 miles north - westward to the
Firth of Clyde at 2 miles south of Ayr ;
and, in its lower reaches, has the bosky,
picturesque character celebrated in Burns'
' Banks and Braes o' Bonnie Doon. '

DOON, steep lofty termination of hill-
range in Tynron parish, Dumfriesshire.
It was anciently fortified, and was the
retreat of King Kobert Bruce after the
death of Comyn.

DOON, termination of hill-range in
Glencairn parish, Dumfriesshire.

DOON, hill in Spott parish, Haddington-
shire.

DOONHOLM, seat on the Doon in Ayr
parish, Ayrshire.

DORARY, section of Thurso parish,
Caithness. It lies detached 4 miles from
the main body, and is encompassed by
Sutherland.

DORBACK, affluent of the Findhorn, in
Edenkillie parish, Elginshire.

DORBACK, place, with public school, in
Abernethy parish, Inverness-shire.

DORBSHILL, place, with public school,
in Logie-Buchan parish, Aberdeenshire.

DOREHOLM, rock-islet in St. Magnus
Bay, Shetland. It has a grand natural
arch, 54 feet high.

DORES, village and parish in Inverness-
shire. The village stands at foot of Loch
Ness, 8 miles south-west of Inverness, and
has a post office under Inverness, and a
parochial church with 500 sittings. — The
parish is about 20 miles long, and 3 or 4
miles broad, and comprises 25,693 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £8745. Pop.
1148. The surface includes a narrow
strip of low ground along Loch Ness, the
small vale of Farigag, and part of Strath-
errick. The chief seats are Aldowrie,
Eregie, and Gortleg ; and the chief an-
tiquity is the vestige of Dun-Bichuan
fort. There is a Free church for Dores
and Bona, and there are public schools at
Aldowrie, Bunchrubbin, and Stratherrick.

DORES, quondam castle, said to have
been a residence of Macbeth, on a hill-top
in Kettins parish, Forfarshire.

DORMONT, seat in Dalton parish, Dum-
friesshire.

DORNADILLA, Scandinavian tower at
south base of Benhope, in Durness parish,
Sutherland.

DORNAL, lake, 10 miles north-north-
west of Newton-Stewart, "Wigtonshire.

DORNIE, village in Kintail parish, Ross-
shire. It has a post office under Lochalsh,
and a public school with about 35 scholars.

DORNOCH, town and parish in south-
east corner of Sutherland, and firth on
mutual border of Sutherland and Ross-
shire. The town stands on north side of
the firth, 6 miles in straight line, but 10 by
road and ferry, north-by-east of Tain ; was
the seat of the old diocese of Sutherland
and Caithness ; became a royal burgh in
the time of Charles I., and unites with
Tain and four other burghs in sending

a member to Parliament ; is only a village
in size, yet the capital of Sutherland
in status ; had an ancient, large, strong,
palatial castle with lofty tower ; retains
its ancient cathedral, restored in 1837, and
used as the parochial church ; and has
a post office with money order and
telegraph departments, designated of
Sutherland shire, a banking office, a
hotel, County Buildings adjoined to the
ancient castle's tower, a Free church, a
public library, and a public school. Real
property in 1880-81, £920. Pop. 497.—
The parish contains also the villages of
Clashmore and Embo, and measures about
11 miles by 6. Real property of land-
ward part in 1880-81, £7579. Pop. 2525.
The shore is mostly flat and sandy ; and
the interior is partly flat and partly an
alternation of straths and hill - ridges.
Skibo Castle is the chief seat ; and an
ancient structure of the same name, de-
molished in last century, was the residence
of the bishops of Sutherland and Caith-
ness. 7 schools for 771 scholars are
in the parish, and 2 of them and a class-
room for 299 are new. — The firth is the
estuary of the river Oikell ; extends 10
miles east-south-eastward, with maxi-
mum width of If mile ; contracts at
Meikle Ferry, 4 miles above Tain ; makes
a sudden expansion there, and goes 13
miles eastward and north-eastward to a
terminating width of about 12 miles.

DORNOCK, village and parish on southern
border of Annandale, Dumfriesshire. The
village stands 3 miles west of Annan, and
has a post office under Annan, a rail-
way station, a parochial church, and 2
public schools with about 181 scholars.
The parish contains also Lowtherton
village, and measures about 4 miles
by 2§. Acres, 4626. Real property in
1880-81, £6805. Pop. 814. The Solway
Firth forms the southern boundary, and is
here 2 miles wide. The coast is low and
sandy, and the interior is a slightly in-
clined plain, nearly all arable.

DORRAL, burn in Dallas parish, Elgin-
shire.

DORUS-MOR, strait between Craignish
point and Garbhreisa islet at mouth of
Loch Crinan, Argyleshire.

DOSK, old parish, now forming Kin-
cardineshire section of Edzell.

DOUBLE, hill with two summits, one of
them commanding a grand view, in Res-
cobie parish, Forfarshire.

DOUBLE-DYKES, remains of extensive
ancient fortification in Stonehouse parish,
Lanarkshire.

DOUGLAS, river, town, castle, and parish
in upper ward of Lanarkshire. The river
rises on Cairntable Mountain, and runs
about 16 miles north-eastward to the
Clyde at 3g miles south-east of Lanark. —
The town stands on the river, 11 miles by
road south-south- west of Lanark ; is an
ancient place, long of great importance,
but now much decayed; and has a post

DOU

131

DOW

office, with money order and telegraph de-
partments, under Lanark, a railway station,
2 banking offices, choir of ancient church
with monuments of the Earls of Douglas,
a modern parochial church, Free and
United Presbyterian churches, and 2 public
schools with about 134 scholars. Pop.
1262. — The castle stands on the river
about -jj mile north-east of the town, but
is twofold, ancient and modern. The
ancient castle belonged to the earls who
so often competed in power and grandeur
with the Scottish kings ; gave the title of
duke from 1703 till 1761 to one of their
successors ; gives still the title of marquis
to the Duke of Hamilton, and that of
baron to the Earl of Home ; figured much
in the wars of the succession ; is the 'Castle
Dangerous ' of Sir Walter Scott's last novel ;
and has been reduced to one ruined tower.
The modern castle was erected in the latter
part of last century, displays much magni-
ficence, and belongs to the Earl of Home.
— The parish contains also the villages of
Bigside and Uddington, and is 12 miles
long, and from 4 to 7 miles broad. Acres,
34,137. Real property in 1880-81, £21,182.
Pop. 2641. The surface comprehends
most of the basin of Douglas river, and is
mountainous or moorish along the upper
parts of the basin, but has a fine strath
opening into luxuriant valley in the centre.
Coal abounds, and is largely worked. The
seats, besides Douglas Castle, are Carma-
coup, Polmunckshead, and Crossburn.
Free and Reformed Presbyterian churches
are at Rigside. 4 schools for 494
scholars are in the parish, and 1 of them
for 250 is new.

DOUGLAS, burn, running about 6 miles
south-eastward to the Yarrow, at 2 miles
from foot of St. Mary's. Loch, Selkirkshire.

DOUGLAS, burn, running about 7 miles
eastward to Loch Fyne, at 3 miles south of
Inverary, Argyleshire.

DOUGLAS, burn, running about 5 miles
east-south-eastward, to Loch Lomond, at
Lower Inveruglas, Dumbartonshire.

DOUGLAS, estate in Clammis parish,
Forfarshire.

DOUGLASDALE, variously Douglas
parish, the basin of Douglas river, and
all middle ward of Lanarkshire.

DOUGLAS MILL, place, 2 miles north-
east of Douglas town, Lanarkshire.

DOUGLAS MOOR, large section of Craw-
ford parish, Lanarkshire.

DOUGLAS PARK, seat in Bothwell
parish, Lanarkshire.

DOUGLASTOWN, village, 3£ miles south-
west of Forfar. It has a post office under
Forfar.

DOULAS, lake in Lairg parish, Sutherland.

DOULOCH, lacustrine expansion of Shira
rivulet, to within £ mile of Loch Fyne, in
Inverary parish, Argyleshire. Vestiges of
an old castle are on its bank.

DOUN, mountain, 2409 feet high, 5 miles
north-north-east of Garelochhead, Dum-
bartonshire.

DOUNBY, place, with post office under
Finstown, in Pomona, Orkney.

DOUNE, town at confluence of the Teith
and the Ardoch, 3 miles west of Dunblane,
Perthshire. It comprises 3 good streets and
a suburb ; is a place of considerable resort
in summer ; has a post office with money
order and telegraph departments, desig-
nated of Perthshire, a railway station,
2 banking offices, 2 hotels, a famous
ancient ruined castle, a remarkable old
bridge, a Gothic towered Established
church, Free and United Presbyterian
churches, an Episcopalian church of 1877,
and 3 public schools with about 278
scholars ; and gives the title of baron
to the Earl of Moray. Its castle was long
the seat of the Earls of Menteith ; became
a residence of two regents of Scotland, a
resort of the dowager queen of James v.,
and a resort of Queen Mary ; was held in
1745 by the forces of Prince Charles
Edward; figures in Sir Walter Scott's
Waverley and Lady of the Lake; and is
now a roofless, massive, quadrangular pile,
with huge corner tower. Pop. of the town,
996. Doune Lodge, about a mile to the
north-west, is a seat of the Earl of Moray.

DOUNE, place, with public school, in
Kincardine parish, Ross-shire.

DOUNE, hill, with vitrified fort, in Criech
parish, Sutherland.

DOUNE, hill in Ardclach parish, Nairn-
shire.

DOUNE, conical mound, formerly forti-
fied, in Strathdon parish, Aberdeenshire.

DOUNE, conical hill, formerly fortified,
in Edenkillie parish, Elginshire.

DOUNE, seat in Rothiemurchus quoad
sacra parish, Inverness-shire.

DOUNE, Dumbartonshire. See Doun.

DOUR, burn in Aberdour parish, Aber-
deenshire.

DOURA, collier village in Kilwinning
parish, Ayrshire. Pop. 222.

DOURY, burn in Marykirk parish, Kin-
cardineshire.

DOVE, coast cave in Fordyce parish,
Banffshire.

DOVECOTAMINS, highest ground in
Coldstream parish, Berwickshire.

DOVECOTHALL, suburb of Barrhead,
Renfrewshire.

DOVECOTLAND, village, suburban to
Perth.

DOVECOTWOOD, fragment of very strong
old castle in Kilsyth parish, Stirlingshire.

DOVERAN. See Deveron.

DOVESLAND, section or suburb of
Paisley, Renfrewshire.

DOWAL, lacustrine expansion of river
Carron, with 3 islets, in Lochcarron
parish, Ross-shire.

DOWALLY, village and parish in Strath -
tay district, Perthshire. The village stands
on a burn of its own name, 4J miles north-
by-west of Dunkeld, dates from the Culdee
times, and has a small parochial church of
1818, and a public school with about 63
scholars. — The parish was a chapelry of

DOW

132

DRI

Caputh, became separate in 1500, and is
now united to Dunkeld ; and it comprises
a main body of 6 miles along the Tay, and
a detached district of about £ mile along
the Tummel. Acres of Dowally and Dun-
keld, 9456. Keal property in 1880-81,
£3350. Pop. 791. The main body con-
sists of a belt of low ground contiguous
to the Tay, and a wooded range of over-
hanging heights ; and includes the pictur-
esque rocky hills of Craigiebarns and
Craigievinean, together with the King's
pass.

DOWALTON, fine lake, with island, 2|
miles west of Garlieston, Wigtonshire.

DOWALTY, hill -ridge in Banchory-
Ternan parish, Kincardineshire.

DOWANHILL, handsome new suburb
immediately west of Billhead, Glasgow.
It contains the city observatory, and a
United Presbyterian church.

DOWANVALE, suburb of Partick, Glas-
gow. It has a Free church, erected in
1880-81, and fronting Dowanhill.

DOWGLEN, burn in Westerkirk parish,
Dumfriesshire.

DOWIE BENS, quondam moor, now en-
closed and cultivated, near Yarrow church,
Selkirkshire. It was the scene of some
dismal event commemorated in a famous
ancient ballad, and it formerly had upwards
of 20 large cairns, but has now no other
antiquity than two large unhewn stones.

DOWN, hill in Dunbar parish, Hadding-
tonshire.

DOWN, conical verdant hill in Fossa way
parish, Perthshire.

DOWN, curious hillock, with vertical
rocky front, in Fintry parish, Stirlingshire.

DOWNAN, place, with old burying-
ground, in Inveraven parish, Banffshire.

DOWNFIELD, village in Mains parish,
Forfarshire. It has a post office, with
money order department, under Dundee,
and a public school with about 75 scholars.
Pop. 349.

DOWNFIELD, hill, with ruined ancient
fortification, in Kettle parish, Fife.

DOWNIE, hill-ridge in Monikie parish,
Forfarshire.

DOWNIE, bold headland at south side of
Stonehaven Bay, Kincardineshire.

DOWNIE PARK, seat inTannadice parish,
Forfarshire.

DOWNIES, fishing village, 6 miles north-
west of Stonehaven, Kincardineshire.

DRAFFAN, quondam castle, supposed
to have been Danish, in Dunino parish,
Fife.

DRAFFAN, place in Lesmahagow parish,
Lanarkshire. It has a public school with
about 112 scholars.

DRAGON-HOLE, cave on face of Kinnoul
Hill, near Perth.

DRAINIE, parish containing Lossiemouth
town, Branderburgh and Seatown suburbs,
and Stotfield village, on coast of Elginshire.
Its length is about 4 miles ; its breadth
about 2 miles ; its area 6949 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £12,100. Pop. 3991.

Part of the coast is flat and low, and part
is bold and rocky. A foreshore about a
mile broad is at the low part ; and a reef
with skerry, at about a mile's distance,
lies parallel to the bold part. The interior,
except at the bold part of the coast, is low
and nearly level. Caves are on the coast,
and the site of the strong ancient castle of
Kinnedder adjoins the churchyard. The
parochial church stands in a central posi-
tion, and contains 700 sittings ; and Estab-
lished, Free, and United Presbyterian
churches are at Lossiemouth. 4 schools
for 731 scholars are in the parish, and 2 of
them for 485 are new.

DRAKEMUIR, village in Dairy parish,
Ayrshire. Pop. 325.

DREAMBEG, place on the coast, near
mouth of Kyle-Skou, in west of Sutherland.

DREEL, burn entering Firth of Forth
at Anstruther, Fife.

DREGHORN, village and parish in Cun-
ningham district, Ayrshire. The village
stands 2 miles east of Irvine, commands
a fine view, and has a post office with
money order department, designated of
Ayrshire, a railway station, a parochial
church, an Evangelical Union chapel,
and a public school with about 378
scholars. Pop. 928. — The parish con-
tains also Overton and Perceton villages,
and most of Bankhead town. Its length
is about 8 miles ; its breadth from f mile
to 2 miles ; its area 5626 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1879-80, £25,858. Pop. 3949.
The land at the south-west end, only a
mile from the coast, is a low dead flat ; it
rises thence, in gentle undulations, toward
the east and north-east ; and it is nearly
all arable and luxuriant. Coal is exten-
sively worked, and ironstone, limestone,
and sandstone are found. Seats are Annock
Lodge, Perceton, "Warwickhill, and Cun-
ninghamhead. A Free church, erected in
1877, is at Perceton. 4 schools for 830
scholars are in the parish, and 2 of them
and an enlargement for 540 are new.

DREGHORN, seat in Colinton parish,
Edinburghshire.

DREINIGH, small island near Lismore,
in Loch Linnhe, Argyleshire.

DREM, village, adjacent to railway junc-
tion, 17^ miles east of Edinburgh. It has
a head post office with money order and
telegraph departments, a railway station,
and remains of a Knights Templars' estab-
lishment, and is near vestiges of a fortified
ancient Caledonian town.

DRHUIM, narrow, wooded, picturesque
reach of the Beauly's vale, 1\ miles long,
with a series of cascades, in Kilmorack
parish, Inverness-shire.

DRIMACHTOR, ancient forest in Laggan
parish, Inverness-shire.

DRIMADOWN, bay on south-west coast
of Arran Island, Buteshire.

DRIMCUDDEN, estate in Resolis parish,
Ross-shire.

DRIMDRISSAIG, seat in South Knapdale
parish, Argyleshire.

DRI

133

DRU

DRIMINISH, headland on north coast of
Ardnamnrchan peninsula, Argyleshire.

DRIMMIE, seat in Rescobie parish, For-
farshire.

DRIMMIE, extensive heathy tract, for-
merly forest, in Blairgowrie parish, Perth-
shire.

DRIMMIES, hill in Inverury parish,
Aberdeenshire.

DRIMNIN, place on east side of Sound
of Mull, opposite Tobermory, Argyleshire.
It has a post office under Oban, a mansion,
and a Roman Catholic chapel, the latter
on site of an ancient castle.

DRIMREE, place, with rude monuments
of an ancient battle, in Craignish parish,
Argyleshire.

DRIMSYNIE, seat near head of Loch
Goil, Argyleshire.

DRIMVIRK, seat at mouth of Creran
river, in Ardchattan parish, Argyleshire.

DRIMYEONBEG, bay on east side of
Gigha Island, Argyleshire.

DRINLEAH, ancient battlefield, with
numerous sepulchral tumuli, in Criech
parish, Sutherland.

DRIP. See Beidge of Deip.

DRIPPS, estate in Lanarkshire section
of Cathcart parish.

DROCHIL, unfinished, well-preserved,
massive baronial fortalice, erected by Re-
gent Morton, at confluence of the Lyne
and Tarth, 7 miles noifch-west of Peebles.

DROICHS, burn traversing deep narrow
vale on mutual boundary of Alford and
Leochel parishes, Aberdeenshire.

DROMORE, railway station, 18| miles
west-south-west of Castle-Douglas, Kirk-
cudbrightshire. See also Deumoee.

DRON, parish, with church, about 5
miles south of Perth. Its post town is
Bridge of Earn. Its. length is about 3£
miles ; its breadth about 3 miles ; its area
4188 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£4918. Pop. 335. The southern section
is part of the Ochils, and the northern
one is a rich sloping plain. The seats are
Balmanno and Glenearn, and a remarkable
object is a large rocking-stone. The public
school has about 56 scholars.

DRON, hill, with ruins of ancient chapel,
in Longforgan parish, Perthshire.

DRONGAN, collier village, estate, and
old tower, in Stair parish, Ayrshire.

DRONGS, mural cloven rock, about 100
feet high, off south coast of Northmaven,
Shetland.

DRONLY, village and burn in Auchter-
house parish, Forfarshire.

DRONOCHY, rising ground, with remains
of ancient sculptured cross, in Forteviot
parish, Perthshire.

DRUIDIBEG, lake, with several islets, in
South Uist Island, Outer Hebrides.

DRUIE, small affluent of the Spey in
Duthill parish, Inverness-shire.

DRUIM. See Dehuim.

DRUIMNACOUP, ancient battlefield,
with tumuli, in Tongue parish, Sutherland.

DRUM, railway station and seat, 10

miles west-south- west of Aberdeen. The
surrounding estate was part of a royal
forest, and passed to a family celebrated
in the ballad of the 'Lairds of Drum.'

DRUM, lake, covering 85 acres, in
Drumoak parish, Aberdeenshire.

DRUM, seat in Liberton parish, Edin-
burghshire.

DRUM, burn in Kilsyth parish, Stirling-
shire.

DRUMACHARGAN, conical hill in Moni-
vaird parish, Perthshire.

DRUMALBIN, the Central Grampians,
under ancient mistaken notion of their
being a continuous range.

DRUMALBIN, hill in Carmichael parish,
Lanarkshire.

DRUMBAIG, place in Assynt parish,
Sutherland. It has a public school with
about 72 scholars.

DRUMBATHIE, suburb of Airdrie, Lan-
arkshire.

DRUMBLADE, parish averagely about 4
miles east of Huntly, Aberdeenshire. It
has a post office under Huntly. Its
length is about 6 miles ; its breadth from
less than 2 to about 5 miles. Real
property in 1880-81, £8533. Pop. 943.
The land is partly flat, and partly a
diversity of small hills and intervening
vales. The only seat is Lessendrum ;
and the chief antiquities are rude monu-
ments associated with the history of King
Robert Bruce. The churches are Established
and Free. There are 2 schools with ac-
commodation for 150 scholars.

DRUMBLAIR, seat in Forgue parish,
Aberdeenshire.

DRUMBROIDER, hill in Muiravonside
parish, Stirlingshire.

DRUMBURN, hamlet in Newabbey par-
ish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

DRUMCARRO, hill in Cameron parish,
Fife.

DRUMCLAIR, village in Slamannan par-
ish, Stirlingshire. Pop. 252.

DRUMCLOG, moorland locality, 7 miles
west of Strathaven, Lanarkshire. It was
the scene, on a Sabbath in 1679, of a
famous skirmish- victory by a conventicle of
Covenanters over a small body of troopers
under Claverhouse ; and it contains a
monument commemorative of the event,
and has a post office under Strathaven.

DRUMCOLTRAN, strong old tower in
Kirkgunzeon parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

DRUMDERFIT, hill-ridge in Avoch par-
ish, Ross-shire.

DRUMDERG, hill, 1383 feet high, 7 miles
north-by- west of Blairgowrie, Perthshire.

DRUMDERG, abrupt prominent hill,
flanking part of Loth glen, in Loth parish,
Sutherland.

DRUMDOLLO, place in Ythan-Wells
parish, Aberdeenshire. It has a public
school with about 90 scholars.

DRUMDOUAN, burn in Lumphanan
parish, Aberdeenshire.

DRUMDUAN, seat near Forres, Elgin-
shire.

DRU

DRU

DRUMELIE, lake in Kinloch parish,
Perthshire.

DRUMFIN, seat on Mary's Lake, near
Tobermory, Argyleshire.

DRUMGEITH, place on north-east side
of Dundee parish, Forfarshire. It has a
public school with about 72 scholars.

DRUMGELLOCH, village suburban to
Airdrie, Lanarkshire.

DRUMGLYE, village in Glammis parish,
Forfarshire.

DRUMIN, ruined old castle in Inveraven
parish, Banffshire.

DRUMINNOR 3> old mansion in Auchindoir
parish, Aberdeenshire.

DRUMKILBO, seat in Meigle parish,
Perthshire.

DRUMLAMFORD, seat in Colmonell
parish, Ayrshire.

DRUMLANRIG, a seat of the Duke of
Buccleuch, on the Nith, 3^ miles north-
north-west of Thornhill, Dumfriesshire.
It was erected in 1679-89 ; is a turretted,
open quadrangle, in the style characteristic
of Inigo Jones; presents a grand appear-
ance, as seen from many points for several
miles around ; and has a very extensive
and richly ornate park.

DRUMLEMBLE, village, 4 miles west-
south-west of Campbelton, Argyleshire. It
has a public school with about 87 scholars.

DRUMLEY, seat in Tarbolton parish,
Ayrshire.

DRUMLITHIE, village, 6 miles south-west
of Stonehaven, Kincardineshire. It has a
post office under Fordoun, a railway sta-
tion, and an Episcopalian church. Pop. 239.

DRUMLOCHAN, burn, running to the
Findhorn, in Ardclach parish, Nairnshire.

DRUMMELZIER, parish, with church
near the Tweed, 9 miles south-west of
Peebles. Its post town is Eachan Mill,
under Biggar. Its length is 13 miles ; its
breadth from f mile to 5 miles ; its area
17,948 acres. Beal property in 1880-81,
£4580. Pop. 208. The surface includes
fine haughs and strips of vale, but is
mostly mountainous. Drummelzier Castle
was the baronial fortalice of the Tweedies,
noticed by Sir Walter Scott in introduction
to The Betrothed ; but is now a fragment-
ary ruin. Traces of a Boman road are
on one of the mountains. The public
school has about 44 scholars.

DRUMMIETERMON, village in Dun-
nichen parish, Forfarshire.

DRUMMOCHY, village in Largo parish,
Fife.

DRUMMOND, village, with public school,
in Kiltearn parish. Boss-shire.

DRUMMOND, wooded hill, with gorgeous
view, and with remains of great ancient
Caledonian fortifications, in vicinity of
Kenmore, Perthshire.

DRUMMOND, hills dividing upper vale
of Spey from Loch Laggan, in Inverness-
shire.

DRUMMOND CASTLE, noble mansion,
2} miles south of Crieff, Perthshire. It
was the seat of the Earls of Perth ; passed

to Lords Willoughby d'Eresby ; is variously
old and modern ; was visited in 1842 by
Queen Victoria ; and has singularly fine
gardens and an extensive ornate park.

DRUMMOSSIE, extensive moor, includ-
ing battlefield of Culloden, on mutual
border of Inverness and Dores parishes,
Inverness-shire.

DRUMMUIR, railway station between
Auchindachy and Dufftown, Banffshire.

DRUMNADROCHIT, place at mouth of
Glenurquhart, near Loch Ness, Inverness-
shire. It has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, desig-
nated of Inverness-shire, and a large inn.

DRUMNAMURG, estate in Killearnan
parish, Boss -shire.

DRUMOAK, parish partly in Kincardine-
shire, but chiefly in Aberdeenshire. It
lies averagely about 11 miles west-south-
west of Aberdeen, has a post office under
Aberdeen, and contains the railway
station of Drum. Its length is about 5^
miles ; its mean breadth about 2 miles ;
its area 2026 acres in Kincardineshire, and
5202 in Aberdeenshire. Beal property in
1880-81, £1026 and £4653. Pop. 383 and 747.
The surface includes a lake of 85 acres,
two hills about 430 and 500 feet high, and
a diversity of undulation, slope, and vale.
The seats are Drum and. Park, and the
chief antiquity is Drum tower. The
parochial church was built in 1836, and a
Free church was opened in 1880. The
public school has about 140 scholars.

DRUMOCHY. See Dbummochy.

DRUMORE, village and ruined castle
in Kirkmaiden parish, Wigtonshire. The
village stands on the coast, 5 miles north-
north-west of Mull of Galloway, and has
a post office, designated of "Wigtonshire,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, a small harbour, and a public
school with about 179 scholars. Pop. 522.

DRUMORE, small lake in Kirkmichael
parish, Ayrshire.

DRUMOUR, place, with public school, in
Little Dunkeld parish, Perthshire.

DRUMPARK, village adjacent to Bar-
geddie, Lanarkshire.

DRUMPELLIER, coal-field in Old Monk-
land parish, Lanarkshire.

DRUMRACK, hill in Crail parish, Fife.

DRUMRY, estate, with remains of ancient
chapel, in New Kilpatrick parish, Dum-
bartonshire.

DRUMS, village in Errol parish, Perth-
shire.

DRUMSARGARD, site of strong ancient
baronial castle in Cambuslang parish,
Lanarkshire.

DRUMSLEET, place in Troqueer parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire. It has a public school
with about 95 scholars.

DRUMSTURDY, village in Monifieth
parish, Forfarshire.

DRUMTOCHTY, seat in Fordoun parish,
Kincardineshire.

DRUMVAICH, hamlet in Kilmadock
parish, Perthshire.

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135

DUD

DRUNKIE, seat in Port-of-Menteith par-
ish, and lake partly also in Aberfoyle
parish, Perthshire.

DRYBRIDGE, railway station, 5 miles
west-south-west of Kilmarnock, Ayrshire.

DRYBRIDGE, place on north-west border
of Banffshire. It has a post office under
Fochabers.

DRYBURGH, estate, with noble mansion
and interesting ruined abbey, on left bank
of the Tweed, 4 miles south-east of Mel-
rose. The abbey stands on or near the
site of a Culdee cell ; was founded in 12th
century by Sir Hugh de Morville, Con-
stable of Scotland ; suffered repeated
devastation in the international wars ;
gave rise to an adjacent town, which was
devastated with it, and has been long
extinct ; is itself now a fragmentary ruin,
with features of much architectural beauty ;
and contains the tomb of Sir Walter Scott.

DRYBURN, rivulet, running to the sea,
at 4J miles south-east of Dunbar, Hadding-
tonshire.

DRYBURN, rivulet, overlooked by re-
mains of ancient Caledonian temple, in
Bellie parish, Elginshire.

DRYFE, small river, running 16 miles
south-south-westward to the Annan, at
It? mile west of Lockerby, Dumfriesshire.
Its banks, in its lowmost reach, are low
and flat, bear the name of Dryfe Sands,
and were the scene, in 1593, of a sanguin-
ary fight between two Border clans.

DRYFESDALE (popularly DRYSDALE),
parish containing Lockerby post town in
Annandale, Dumfriesshire. Its length is
1\ miles ; its greatest breadth 44; miles ;
its area 10,231 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £18,148. Pop. 2971. The north-
eastern section is an assemblage of verdant
hills ; the other sections are mostly flat ;
and the parts in the west, along left side
of Annan river, are mostly rich alluvial
land. The antiquities comprise vestiges
of five strong towers, remains of eight
ancient camps, variously Caledonian and
Roman, and traces of great Roman road
from England to Clydesdale. Established,
Free, and United Presbyterian churches
are in Lockerby. There are 2 public
schools for 693 scholars, and 1 of them
for 600 was erected in 1875.

DRYGRANGE, seat, bridge, and impos-
ing railway viaduct on the Tweed, 2\
miles east-by-north of Melrose.

DRYHOPE, quondam massive tower,
now existing in only its lower part, near
foot of St. Mary's Loch, Selkirkshire. It
was the birthplace and home of Mary
Scott, the ' Flower of Yarrow.'

DRYMEN, village and parish in west of
Stirlingshire. The village stands 5 miles
west-south-west of Balfron, and has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Glasgow, Established
and United Presbyterian churches, and 2
public schools with about 117 scholars.
Pop. 234. — The parish extends from
the Forth to a line 3f miles south of the

most southerly reach of the Endrick, and
measures about 12 miles in length and 9^
miles in greatest breadth. Acres, 30,850.
Eeal property in 1880-81, £25,005. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 1431 ; quoad sacra, 764. The
surface includes some fine tracts on the
Endrick, but is mostly mountain, moor,
and moss. The parish gives name to the
noble family of Drummond, and contains,
within Drummond barony, some remains of
a Roman fort ; and it has 2 public schools
with accommodation for 206 scholars.

DRYMEN STATION, railway station, 2
miles east of Drymen village, Stirlingshire.
It has a post office under Glasgow.

DRYNIE, estate in Kilmuir-Wester
parish, Ross-shire.

DRYSDALE. See Dryfesdale.

DUALT, deep wooded ravine, with a
number of cascades, in Killearn parish,
Stirlingshire.

DUARD, promontory in Lochbroom
parish, Ross-shire.

DUART, roofless, but otherwise entire,
strong ancient castle on bold headland in
extreme east of Mull Island, Argyleshire.
It was the seat of the Macleans, and the
scene of tragic events commemorated in
Joanna Baillie's Family Legend, and
Thomas Campbell's Glenara.

DUBBIESIDE, or INVERLEVEN, suburb
of Leven town, Fife. It has a United
Presbyterian church. Pop. 501.

DUBBS, rivulet, running from Kilbirnie
Loch to Castle-Semple Loch, Ayrshire and
Renfrewshire.

DUBBS CAULDRON, cascade on ¥am-
phray rivulet, Dumfriesshire.

DUBFORD, place 6 miles east of Banff.
It has a post office under Banff.

DUBLIN, suburb or section of Kirkfield-
bank in Leshmahagow parish, Lanarkshire.

DUBTON, seat and railway junction
station, 3 miles west-north-west of Mon-
trose, Forfarshire.

DUCHALL, seat and head-stream of the
Gryfe in Kilmalcolm parish, Renfrewshire.

DUCHOILLE, farm, with ruined Danish
fort, in Glenorchy parish, Argyleshire.

DUCHRAE, seat in Balmaghie parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

DUCHRAY, southern head-stream of the
Forth in Stirlingshire and Perthshire. It
rises on Benlomond, and runs about 10
miles prevailingly eastward to confluence
with the other head-stream in Aberfoyle
parish ; and it has, on its right bank,
about If mile from the confluence, Duchray
Castle, the former stronghold of the
Grahams.

DUCHRAY, lofty hill, with lake on its
summit, in Dunkeld and Dowally parish,
Perthshire.

DUCRAIG, rocky islet in Firth of Forth,
between Limekilns and North Queensferry,
Fife.

DUDDINGSTON, village and parish on
seaboard of Edinburghshire. The village
stands at south-east base of Arthur's Seat,
about 2\ miles south-east of General Post

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136

DUXi

Office, Edinburgh ; contains a number of
genteel residences ; and has a post office
designated of Midlothian, a parochial
church with about 370 sittings, and a
public school with about 81 scholars.
Pop. 333. — The parish contains also three
hamlets, Joppa village, and the greater
part of Portobello town. Its length is
3^ miles ; its greatest breadth about 1^
mile ; its area 1731 acres. Eeal property,
exclusive of Portobello, in 1880-81,
£13,547. Pop., quoad civilia, 10,436;
quoad sacra, 3414. The surface, for the
most part, slopes gently from the base
of Arthur's Seat to Firth of Forth, but
has the appearance of a plain, and exhibits
rich culture and embellishment. Dud-
dingston Loch, immediately south-west of
Duddingston village, measures about 1£
mile in circuit, is enlivened with water-
fowl, and becomes crowded in winter
frost with disporters on the ice. Dud-
dingston House, about ^ mile to the east-
south-east, is a seat of the Duke of
Abercorn. Six churches are in Portobello.
Seven schools for 1358 scholars are in the
parish, and 1 of them for 700 is new.
Cauvin's endowed educational hospital
also is in it.

DUDDINGSTON, seat in Abercorn parish,
Linlithgow.

DUDHOPE, quondam large, strong,
ancient castle, on skirt of Dundee Law,
adjacent to Dundee.

DUDWICK, hill, 572 feet high, 4| miles
north of Ellon, Aberdeenshire.

DUFF HOUSE, chief seat of the Earl of
Fife, in vicinity of Banff. It was erected
about middle of last century, at the cost
of £70,000 ; is in the Koman-Corinthian
style, and has extensive ornate grounds.

DUFF-KINNEL, affluent of the Kinnel,
in Johnstone parish, Dumfriesshire.

DUFFTOWN, town on Fiddich river, 11
miles south-west of Keith, Banffshire. It
was founded in 1817 ; it stands amid a
rich mineral field ; and it has a post office
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, designated of Banffshire, a railway
station,-2 banking offices, Established, Free,
and Roman Catholic churches, and 2 public
schools. Pop. 1252.

DUFFUS, village and parish on coast of
Elginshire. The village stands 5 miles
north-west of Elgin, is neatly edificed, and
has a post office under Elgin, a parochial
church, and a public school with about
106 scholars. — The parish contains also
the towns of Burghead and Hopeman,
the villages of Cummingston, Roseisle,
and Kaim, and several hamlets. Its
length on the coast is 5 miles ; its mean
breadth about 3 miles ; its area 9475
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £13,950.
Pop. , quoad civilia,3985; quoad sacra, 1909.
The surface, with exception of two small
eminences, is level. Duffus House is the
seat of Sir Archibald Dunbar, Bart. ;
and other seats are Roseislehaugh and
Inverugie. Duffus Castle is a ruined

ancient baronial fortalice, was long the
seat of the family of Sutherland, and gave
them the peerage title of baron from 1650
till 1843. Established, Free, and United
Presbyterian churches are in Burghead.
7 schools for 838 scholars are in the
parish, and 2 of them and an enlargement
for 360 are new.

DUGALSTONE, estate, with lake, in New
Kilpatrick parish, Dumbartonshire.

DUICH, sea-loch, about 5 miles long,
deflecting south-eastward from head of
Loch Alsh, Ross-shire.

DUIRINISH,parish, containing Dunvegan
post office and Stein village, in south-west
of Skye, Inverness-shire. Its length is
19 miles ; its breadth 16 miles ; its coast
line, including sinuosities but excluding
islets, about 80 miles. Real property in
1880-81, £7572. Pop. , quoad civilia, 4319 ;
quoad sacra, 3297. A low moorish isthmus
of about 4 miles, between Loch Griesher-
nish and Loch Carroy, divides the parish
from the rest of Skye ; a large peninsula,
nearly _ bisected by Loch Dunvegan, and
much indented by minor sea-lochs, forms
its main body ; and a number of islets
and insulated rocks are within its limits.
The coast has many bold headlands and
lofty cliffs, and exhibits much wildness
and grandeur. The section south of Loch
Dunvegan is Duirinish-proper, and that
to the north is Vaternish. Much of the
ground is sloping ; a few tracts are level,
but almost wholly moss ; and Glendale,
about 2 miles long, is a pleasant vale.
The two tabular-topped mountains called
Macleod's Tables are a prominent feature.
Very numerous caves and natural arches
are on the coast. The seats are Dunvegan
Castle, Vaternish, Orbost, and Griesher-
nish ; and the chief antiquities are features
of Dunvegan Castle, fifteen Scandinavian
forts, and several tumuli. The churches
are 2 Established and 1 Free. 8
schools for 699 scholars are in the parish,
and 6 of them for 600 are new.

DUIRINISH, islet in Loch Etive, opposite
Bunawe, Argyleshire. Pop. 24.

DUIRNESS. See Durness.

DUISK. See Dhuisk.

DULCAPON, detached part of Dowally
parish on Tummel river, Perthshire.

DULL, village and parish in Perthshire.
The village stands in Appin vale, 3 miles
west of Aberfeldy ; had anciently an ab-
thanery, or peculiar kind of monastery, with
right of sanctuary ; and has now a very
ancient market cross, a parochial church
with about 600 sittings, and a public
school with about 105 scholars. — The
parish contains also Amulree village and
part of Aberfeldy town. It comprises 5
separate districts, and is so intersected by
other parishes as to measure about 30
miles from end to end. Its area is 63,417
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £19,807.
Pop. , quoad civilia, 2565 ; quoad sacra,
1997. The districts are Appin, Grand-
tully, Amulree, Foss, and Fincastle. The

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DUM

surface comprises every variety from wild
portions of the Grampians to exquisite
portion of the Tay's valley ; and is diver-
sified by so many as 21 lakes. The seats
are Grandtully, Foss, Moness, Cluny, and
Dercluich ; and the antiquities include
several standing-stones, moats, barrows,
and Pictish forts, and an ancient Cale-
donian stone circle. Churches of various
denominations are at Aberfeldy, Amulree,
Grandtully, and Tummel - Bridge ; and
public schools are at Amulree, Grandtully,
and Foss.

DULLARY, place, with chalybeate
spring, in Parton parish, Kirkcudbright-
shire.

DULLATUR, bog, traversed by Forth
and Clyde Canal, 2 miles east of Kilsyth,
Stirlingshire. Many relics of the battle of
Kilsyth in 1645 were found in it at the
forming of the canal.

DULLEN, rivulet in Mortlach parish,
Banffshire.

DULNAIN, river, running about 25
miles north-eastward to the Spey, at 2^
miles above Grantown, in Elginshire.

DULNAIN BRIDGE, hamlet on the Dul-
nain, in Duthil parish, Inverness-shire.
It has a post office under Grantown.

DULSIE BRIDGE, romantic bridge on
Findhorn river, in Ardclach parish, Nairn-
shire.

DUMBARNIE. See Dunbaknet.

DUMBARTON, town, castle, and parish
in Dumbartonshire. The town stands on
low flat ground, bisected by the river
Leverj, f mile from the Clyde, and 15|
miles north - west - by - west of Glasgow ;
covers the site of the Roman naval station
Theodosia, and the site of a Culdee cell ;
shared in the history of Dumbarton Castle
as the royal seat of the kingdom of Cum-
bria or Strathclyde ; is now a seaport, a
royal and parliamentary burgh, and the
political capital of Dumbartonshire ; unites
with Port-Glasgow, Renfrew, Rutherglen,
and Kilmarnock in sending a member to
Parliament ; comprises a main body on the
left bank of the Leven, and two suburbs,
old and new, on the right bank ; was
designed in 1876 to undergo extensive im-
provements in its streets and harbour, and
in 1881 to acquire an eastern suburb with
house accommodation for about 2000
families ; was long distinguished for glass
manufacture, and is much more dis-
tinguished now for shipbuilding; pub-
lishes 2 weekly newspapers ; and has a
head post office with money order and
telegraph departments, a railway station,
3 banking offices, 2 hotels, a fine town hall
of 1865, a long costly pier of 1874-75, a
steepled Established church of 1810, a
handsome Free church of 1878, another
Free church, 2 United Presbyterian
churches, an elegant Episcopalian church
of 1873, Evangelical Union, Baptist, Wes-
leyan, and Roman Catholic churches, a
Mechanics' Institute, and 7 public schools
with accommodation for 1961 scholars.

Real property in 1880-81, £43,842. Pop.
13,786. — The castle stands at left side of
the Leven's influx to the Clyde ; is an
isolated, precipitous, bi forked rock, about
a mile in girth at the base, and 260 feet
high, partially edificed with ramparts and
houses ; was a stronghold probably of the
Romans, and certainly of the Romanized
Strathclyde Caledonians ; has been a
royal fort from commencement of the
Scoto- Saxon monarchy till the present
time ; figured much and often in national
affairs till final fall of Queen Mary ; was
bereft of most of its military value by the
invention of modern artillery ; and, but for
a stipulation at the national union for
its being permanently maintained, might
have long ago been entirely relinquished
as a fort. — The parish excludes the town's
suburbs, measures about 1\ by 3| miles, and
comprises 8291 acres. Real property of
landward part in 1880-81, £38,820. Pop.
10,898. The land for some distance from
the town and castle is low and flat, but
about the middle rises steeply into the
Lennox Hills, and in the farther end is
bleakly moorish. No school is in the
landward part, and 1 of the schools in the
town for 350 scholars is new.

DUMBARTONSHIRE, county, partly
maritime but principally inland, in west
of Scotland. It comprises a main body
and a detached district ; and it is high-
land in the one end, lowland in the
other end, and a rich mixture of the
two in the centre. The main body begins
around the head of Loch Lomond ; includes
that lake's west side and foot, and all the
country thence to Loch Long, the Clyde,
and the Endrick ; goes eastward on the
Clyde and among the Lennox Hills to
Kelvin river, at a point 3£ miles north-
west of Glasgow ; and is 35 miles long, and
from 2 to 15 miles broad. The detached
district commences at 3f miles east of
nearest part of the main body ; extends
east - by - northward along the strath of
Forth and Clyde Canal ; was annexed to
the county in the time of Robert I. ; and
is 13 miles long, and from If mile to \\
miles broad. The entire area is 270 square
miles. The surface ranges from grandly
mountainous westward of Loch Lomond,
to tamely flat along the Forth and Clyde
Canal. The rocks range from the meta-
morphic to the carboniferous, and include
roofing-slate and abundance of coal, lime-
stone, and building stone. The maritime
waters are Loch Long and the Firth of
Clyde on the boundary, and Gareloch
in the interior. The fresh-water lakes,
apart from Loch Lomond, are all small,
but an interesting one of them is Loch
Sloy. The chief rivers are the Endrick,
the Clyde, and the Kelvin on the boun-
daries ; and the Leven and the Allander
in the interior ; but many of the smaller
streams, especially those among the moun-
tains, possess much scenic character. Ag-
riculture is advanced and skilful ; and

DUM

138

DUM

manufacturing industry, particularly on
the Leven, is prominent. The towns
with each more than 4000 inhabitants are
Dumbarton, Kirkintilloch, Helensburgh,
and Alexandria ; with each more than
2000 are Renton and Bonhill ; with each
more than 1000 are Duntocher, Cumber-
nauld, and J amestown ; and the villages
with each more than 300 are Old Kil-
patrick, Bowling, Garscube, Knightswood,
Garscadden, Condorrat, Faifley, Row,
Smithstown-Row, Waterside, Kilcreggan,
Garelochhead, Milton, Dalmuir, Cardross,
Balloch, and parts of Yoker and Lenzie.
The ancient county bore the name of
Lennox, but included tracts now in Stir-
lingshire, Perthshire, and Renfrewshire ;
and it abounded in conflicts between the
Caledonians and the Romans, the Scots
and the Picts, the Cumbrians and the
Saxons, the Highland clans among them-
selves, the Caterans and the Lowlanders,
and parties against parties in the Scottish
civil wars. The chief antiquities within
the modern county are vestiges of An-
toninus' Wall, Roman remains at Dun-
tocher and Cumbernauld, and rude forts,
tumuli, and ruined old castles in many
places. The value of real property in
1880-81, exclusive of railways and canals,
was £336,745. Pop. in 1871, 58,857 ; in
1881, 78,327.

DUMBENNAN, old parish, now part of
Huntly, Aberdeenshire.

DUMBRECK, seat near south-western
outskirts of Glasgow.

DUMBROCH, lake and bleachfield in
Strathblane parish, Stirlingshire.

DUMBUCK, village, seat, and hill, ad-
jacent to the Clyde, about a mile east of
Dumbarton Castle. The hill stoops pre-
cipitously to the plain, overawes the
castle, and commands a grand view.

DUMBUILS, low craggy hill, with re-
mains of ancient fort, and with very fine
view, in Foi'gandenny parish, Perthshire.

DUMCRIEFF, a seat of Lord Rollo, If
mile east-north-east of Moffat, Dumfries-
shire.

DUMFIN, round hill, with traces of
ancient fortification, fabled to have been a
stronghold of Fingal, 4 miles north-north-
east of Helensburgh, Dumbartonshire.

DUMFRIES, town and parish on south-
west border of Dumfriesshire. The town
stands on the Nith, 71 miles by road, but
89f miles by railway, south -by -west of
Edinburgh ; is environed by rich, exten-
sive, hill-screened plain ; dates from at
least the time of William the Lion, but
may have sprung from a village so early
as the 8th century ; had an ancient strong
castle which figured much in the succes-
sion al and international wars ; contained
an ancient Franciscan friary, in which
Robert Bruce slew the RedComyn ; suffered
severely from English forces in 1448, 1536,
and 1570 ; underwent rapid change of cha-
racter from the times of Border contests
to the times of peaceful industry ; ranks

now as the political capital of Dumfries-
shire, a seat of justiciary courts, the busi-
ness centre of the south-western counties,
and a royal and parliamentary burgh ;
unites with Annan, Lochmaben, Sanquhar,
and Kirkcudbright in sending a member
to Parliament ; includes, as a parliament-
ary burgh, the Kirkcudbrightshire Max-
welltown, separated from it only by the
Nith ; measures in itself about a mile in
length along the river, and about 3 furlongs
in greatest breadth ; comprises a many-
featured main street, several handsome
new streets, and a number of old ones ;
carries on a brisk market trade and ex-
tensive woollen manufacture ; publishes 3
newspapers, 1 of them weekly, the others
twice a-week ; and has a head post office
with all departments, a very fine railway
station, 7 banking offices, 4 hotels, a large
modern town hall, a curious steepled block
of buildings which contained the old town
hall, grand county buildings erected in
1863-66, the south-western counties' central
prison, projected in 1881, the southern coun-
ties' club-house, built in 187 4, a fine theatre,
mostly rebuilt in 1876, a curious bridge of
the 13th century, a neat bridge of 1794,
a foot suspension-bridge of 1876, an old
monument of the Duke of Queensberry, a
monument of Burns, erected in 1881, a
beautiful steepled Established church of
1866-68, 2 other steepled Established
churches, 3 Free churches, 3 United Pres-
byterian churches, a steepled Episcopalian
church of 1867-69, a steepled Roman
Catholic church, renovated in 1879, a
Baptist church of 1880, Congregational,
Evangelical Union, Wesleyan, and Catholic
Apostolic churches, a large public academy
of 1802, 2 costly public schools of 1876, a
large church-like mechanics' institute, a
spacious costly infirmary of 1869-72, the
southern counties' asylum, erected from a
bequest of more than £100,000 by Dr.
Crichton of Friar's Carse, with intention
of its being a university, a remarkably
crowded cemetery, containing the mauso-
leum of the poet Burns, and, near that
cemetery, the house in which Burns spent
his last years and died. Pop. of parlia-
mentary burgh, 17,090. — The parish con-
tains also the villages of Gasstown, Stoop,
Locharbriggs, and Lochthorn. Its length
is 8 miles ; its greatest breadth 3 miles ;
its area 10,032 acres. Real property of
landward part in 1880-81, £20,456. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 16,838 ; quoad sacra, 6815.
Most of the surface, excepting part of a
low hill-ridge in the south, is nearly level.
A strip of Lochar moss is on the eastern
border. Several small lakes are near the
centre. The principal rock is red sand-
stone. Numerous handsome villas are
near the town. 13 schools for 2904
scholars are in the parish, and 2 of them
for 900 are new.

DUMFRIES-GREYFRIARS, quoad sacra
parish, with church, in Dumfries. Pop.
4259.

DUM

19

DUN

DUMFRIES HOUSE, a seat of the Marquis
of Bute, who also is Earl of Dumfries, on
Lugar river, in Old Cumnock parish,
Ayrshire.

DUMFRIES ST. MARY, quoad sacra
parish, with church, in Dumfries. Pop.
6764.

DUMFRIESSHIRE, border county,
bounded by Kirkcudbrightshire, Ayrshire,
Lanarkshire, Peeblesshire, Selkirkshire,
Roxburghshire, England, and the Solway
Firth. Its length is 55 miles ; its breadth
32 miles ; its coast-line 22 miles ; its circuit
about 177 miles ; its area 1103 square miles.
Its outline is irregularly ellipsoidal, with
the greater diameter in a direction nearly
south-east-by-east. Its surface, in a general
view, is a broad mountainous border cloven
with vales, a central plain intersected by
hills, and a low flat seaboard partly occupied
by Lochar moss. The mountains rise to
watersheds with all the contiguous Scottish
counties ; include whole or part of the
largest masses and loftiest summits of the
Southern Highlands ; are mostly acclivi-
tous, and either conical, round-backed, or
tabular ; and have none of the craggy,
rugged, peaked features so common among
the Grampians. The central region ex-
hibits every variety of dell, valley, slope,
undulation, brae, hill-ridge, and moorland,
and forms many a charming landscape.
The seaboard is remarkable for luxuriant
corn-land, partly for reclamations on Sol-
way moss, partly for the features graphic-
ally described in Sir Walter Scott's Red-
gauntlet. The chief rivers are the Nith,
the Annan, and the Esk ; and these
occasion the county to be divided, in
popular nomenclature, into the 3 districts
of Nithsdale, Annandale, and Eskdale.
The principal lakes are the group around
Lochmaben. The chief useful minerals
are red sandstone, limestone, a little coal,
and some iron-ore. Agricultural improve-
ment was scarcely known till 1760, but
eventually made rapid progress, and is
now highly advanced. Commerce is com-
paratively limited, and deals mainly in
the export of land produce. Manufactures
also are limited, but have latterly become
prominent in woollens in Dumfries. The
towns with each more than 2000 inhabitants
are Dumfries, Annan, and Langholm ; the
towns with each more than 1000 are
Lockerby, Moffat, Lochmaben, Sanquhar,
and Thornhill ; and the principal villages
are Minniehive, Wanlockhead, Eccle-
fechan, Eaglesfield, Gasstown, Kirkconnel,
Collin, Bridekirk, Hightae, Penpont, Park,
Springfield, and Stoop. The county was
inhabited by the Caledonian Selgovae, re-
tains many monuments of their conquest
by the Romans, was largely overrun by
the Scoto-Irish or Dalriadans, figured,
much in the Saxon invasion, the wars of
the Succession, the wars with England,
and the Border feuds, and has numerous
monuments of all the times down to those
of the feudal. Real property in 1880-81,

£546,609. Pop. in 1871, 74,808 ; in 1881,
76,124.

DUMGREE, old parish, now united chiefly
to Kirkpatrick-Juxta and partly to John-
stone, Dumfriesshire. It has a public
school.

DUMROOF, sandbank in Solway Firth,
6|- miles south-south-west of Southerness,
Kirkcud bright shire.

DUN, parish, containing Bridge of Dun
railway station, in north-east of Forfar-
shire. Its post town is Montrose. Its
length is 5 miles ; its extreme breadth
nearly 3 miles ; its area 4306 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £9840. Pop. 541.
The South Esk and Montrose lagoon form
the southern boundary. The surface is
low and flat adjacent to these, rises gently
and gradually thence to about the centre,
and is flat toward the north. Dun's Dish
is a lake of about 40 acres. Dun House is
a chief residence. The public school has
about 126 scholars.

DUNACHTON, estate in Alvie parish,
Inverness-shire.

DUNAGOIL, small bay and headland,
with traces of vitrified fort, in south-west
of Bute Island, Buteshire.

DUNAIN, seat and quondam fortalice
in Inverness parish, Inverness-shire.

DUNALISTER, hamlet and quondam
seat of the Robertsons of Struan, 3^
miles west of Tummel-Bridge, Perthshire.
The hamlet has a post office with telegraph
designated of Perthshire.

DUNAMARLE, quondam castle on site
of Castlehill House, in vicinity of Culross,
Perthshire. It belonged to the Thanes
of Fife, and was the place of the murder
of Lady Macduff by order of Macbeth.

DUNAN, bold promontory in Lochbroom
parish, Ross-shire.

DUNAN-RANNOCH, place of sanguinary
clan fight in Fortingal parish, Perth-
shire.

DUNANS, seat near head of Glendaruel,
in Cowal, Argyleshire.

DUNARDARY, hill in North Knapdale
parish, Argyleshire.

DUNAVERTY, bay, village, and pyra-
midal headland at southern extremity of
Kintyre, Argyleshire. A strong castle of
the Lords of the Isles stood on the head-
land, gave refuge to Robert Bruce, suffered
siege and capture by General Leslie, and
has been almost wholly effaced.

DUNBAR, town and parish on east coast
of Haddingtonshire. The town stands
adjacent to rocky shore and sea crags, 29£
miles east of Edinburgh ; dates from at
least the middle of 9th century ; became
the seat of the immigrant Northumbrian
prince, Cospatrick, in the time of Malcolm
Canmore ; acquired then the basement of
a great castle, so arranged as to be palatial,
and so strong as to be deemed impregnable ;
was the scene of many martial exploits in
connection with that castle ; gave name
to two great battles fought near it in 1296
and 1650 ; was the landing-place of Sir

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140

DUN

John Cope in 1745 on eve of the battle of
Prestonpans ; retains little trace of an-
tiquity except remnants of its castle ;
ranks as a seaport and a royal and parlia-
mentary burgh ; unites with Haddington,
North Berwick, Lauder, and J edburgh in
sending a member to Parliament ; com-
prises a spacious, well-built, principal
street, and parallel smaller ones ; and has
a head, post office with all departments, a
fine railway station, 3 banking offices, 2
hotels, assembly rooms, a quondam noble
mansion, now a barrack, an artificial har-
bour, serving for both commerce and
refuge, recently-formed waterworks, an
elegant parochial church, a Free church, 2
United Presbyterian churches, "Wesleyan
and Episcopalian churches, and 3 public
schools ; and gave the title of earl to the
descendants of Cospatrick till 1435, the
same title to George Home from 1605 till
1611, and the title of viscount to the
family of Constable from 1620 till 1721.
Eeal property in 1880-81, £13,749. Pop.
3657. — The castle stood on a lofty, rugged
sea-rock, at north end of the town ; went
to the Crown by forfeiture in 1435 ; was
afterwards the occasional residence of
several kings, the death place of the queen
of James I., and at different times the
residence, the refuge, and the prison of
Queen Mary ; underwent extensive de-
molition, by order of Parliament, in 1567 ;
and is now represented by some strong
defaced ruins, which Sir Walter Scott
described in his Provincial Antiquities. —
The parish contains also the villages of
Belhaven, East Barns, and West Barns,
and comprises a main body and a detached
district. The main body extends 6f miles
along the coast, and is from about 1 mile
to 3| miles broad. The detached district
commences about 4| miles south-west of
the town, lies wholly among the Lammer-
moors, and measures about 4 miles by 2|.
Acres of the whole, 7497. Real property,
inclusive of the burgh, in 1880-81, £37,380.
Pop., quoad civilia, 5396; quoad sacra,
4041. The surface of the main body
ascends gradually from the sea toward the
Lammermoors, rises nowhere higher than
about 700 feet, presents a pleasing variety
of hill and dale, and is noted for the
fertility of its soil. The chief residences
are Broxmouth Park, Lochend, Belton,
and Heatherwick. A quoad sacra parish
church is at Belhaven. 9 schools for 1210
scholars are within the quoad civilia
parish, and 1 of them and enlargements
for 475 are new.

DUNBARNEY, parish, containing the
post office village of Bridge of Earn, and
the village of Kintillo, in south-east of
Perthshire. It measures about 4 miles,
both in length and in greatest breadth,
and comprises 4060 acres. Real property
in 1880-81, £13,870. Pop. 756. The
surface is intersected by the Earn, includes
Moncrieff Hill, approaches the Ochils, and
exhibits remarkable beauty. The seats

are Dunbarney House, Kilgraston, and
Ballendrick. The church contains 650
sittings ; and the public school is new,
and has accommodation for 180 scholars.

DUNBARROW, detached district of
Dunnichen parish, Forfarshire. A hill of
its own name, about 700 feet high, is in
it, and was formerly crowned with a fort.

DUNBEATH, bay, rivulet, village, and
seat in Latheron parish, Caithness. The
bay lies 20 miles south-west of Wick, and
is small, but forms a good fishing-station.
The rivulet runs about 7 miles south-
eastward to the bay's head. The village
stands at the rivulet's mouth, is an ancient
place, and has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Wick, an inn, and a public school with
about 100 scholars. The seat is in the
southern vicinity of the village, and in-
cludes an ancient baronial fortalice, which
was captured and garrisoned in 1650 by
the Marquis of Montrose.

DUNBLANE, town and parish on south
border of Perthshire. The town stands on
Allan river, and on Caledonian Railway
at deflexion of the line to Callander, 5
miles north of Stirling. It sprang from a
Culdee cell, became the seat of a bishopric
in the time of David I. , flourished through-
out the Romish times, declined after the
Reformation, and underwent some modern
revival. It figures much in connection
with the famous Bishop Leighton, and
with Tannahill's song of ' Jessie the
Flower of Dunblane.' It strove to be-
come a watering-place in virtue of two
mineral wells about 1£ mile to the north,
but could not compete with the more
attractive Bridge of Allan ; yet, with good
accommodations, a grand hydropathic
establishment of 1878, picturesque en-
virons, and a salubrious climate, it draws
numerous summer visitors. It consists
chiefly of narrow streets, presents a
mixedly old and modern aspect, and is
skirted with some good villas ; it ranks
as a police burgh, and as the seat of courts
for the southern division of Perthshire ;
and it has a head post office with all
departments, a railway station, 2 bank-
ing offices, a hotel, public reading and
amusement rooms, a public library be-
queathed by Bishop Leighton, a cathedral,
Free, United Presbyterian, and Episco-
palian churches, and a public school. The
cathedral was begun in early part of the
12th century, but not completed till the
16th ; and it consists of nave, side tower,
choir, and chapter - house. The nave
measures 130 feet in length, 58 in breadth,
and 50 in height ; is all in the early
pointed style ; has 8 bays, north and south
aisles, a beautifully shafted clerestory,
and a very fine west window ; and is now
entirely roofless, but may probably undergo
restoration. The tower stands near the
south portal of the nave, is early Norman,
and, with a small spire, rises to the height
of 128 feet. The choir measures 80 feet in

DUN

141

DUN

length, 30 in breadth, and 48 in height ; is
all likewise in the early pointed style ;
includes, on its north side, what is called
the chapter-house ; has been used since
the Reformation as the parish church ;
and was renovated in 1873. Pop. of the
town, 2186. — The parish contains also
the villages of Kinbuck, Balhaddie, Butter-
gask, Greenloaning, and Rottearn. Its
length is about 9 miles ; its breadth about
6 miles ; its area 18,543 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £27,727. Pop. 3123.
The surface includes a skirt of the Ochil
Hills in the east, the middle or main part
of Strathallan in the centre, and a skirt of
the Braes of Doune in the west. The hill
tracts are mostly bleak and moorish ; and
those in the east comprise Sheriffmuir, the
scene of the famous battle in 1715. The
strath tracts are much diversified, but
present many amenities and much beauty ;
and one near the town, but partly beyond
the parish, exhibits a gorge somewhat
similar to the Trossachs. The chief seats
are Keir and Kippendavie. 3 schools
for 519 scholars are in the parish, and en-
largements of them for 259 are new.

DUNBOG, parish, with church 3 J miles
east-by-south of Newburgh, in Fife. Its
post town is Newburgh. Acres, 2324.
Real property in 1880-81, £3866. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 219 ; quoad sacra, 386. The
surface consists of two hill-ridges and an
intervening vale. The chief residence is
Dunbog House ; and the antiquities are
the site of a monastic preceptory, and
the ruin of Collairnie Castle. The public
school has about 64 scholars.
DUN BRIDGE. See Bridge of Dun.
DUNCANSBURGH, quoad sacra parish
within Kilmalie quoad civilia parish, In-
verness-shire. A new church for it, in
Fort-William town, was founded in 1881.
Pop. 1962.

DUNCANSBY, promontory at north-
east extremity of the Scottish mainland.
It is massive, bold, and circular ; measures
about 2 miles in circumference ; presents
a rugged, fissured, precipitous face to the
sea ; has on its summit remains of an
ancient watch-tower ; and commands there
a very grand view. Two insulated rocks,
called the Stacks of Duncansby, are near
the promontory, and look like great pointed
towers ; and a narrow strait, called the
Bears of Duncansby, is between it and
them, and has usually a tremendous rush
and tumult of billows. A village of Dun-
cansby adjoins the promontory. Pop. 398.

DUNCANSTONE, place near Insch, Aber-
deenshire. It has a post office under Insch,
and a Congregational chapel.

DUNCANSTOWN, place near Conan-
Bridge, in south-east of Ross. It has a
post office designated of Ross-shire.

DUN-CHARLOWAY, ancient circular for-
tification in Lochs parish, Lewis, Outer
Hebrides.

DUNCHIFIE, ancient strong fortification
on Gigha Island, Argyleshire.

DUNCHUAICH, hill, witli vestiges of old
fort, near Inverary, Argyleshire.

DUNCOMB, hill, with magnificent view,
in Old Kilpatrick parish, Dumbarton-
shire.

DUNCOW, burn and village in Kirkmahoe
parish, Dumfriesshire. The burn runs
about 6^ miles southward to the Nith at
3 miles north of Dumfries. The village
stands on the burn 2 miles from its
mouth ; gave a night's lodging in a cottage
to James v. on occasion of an angry visit
to the neighbourhood ; and has a post
office under Dumfries, and a public school
with about 81 scholars.

DUNCRAGGAN, place, figuring in Lady
of the Lake, the first stage of the fiery
cross, 6 miles west of Callander, Perth-
shire. The New Trossachs Hotel stood
adjacent to it, and was burnt about 1867.

DUNCRUIB, seat of Lord Rollo in Dun-
ning parish, Perthshire.

DUNCRUIN, picturesque hill, with pin-
nacled summit and grand view, in Kil-
maronock parish, Dumbartonshire.

DUNDAFF, eastern part of Lennox Hills,
averagely 6| miles south-south-west of
Stirling. It gives the title of viscount to
the Duke of Montrose.

DUNDAFF, faU, of about 10 feet, on the
Clyde, a little above New Lanark.

DUNDALAR, conical hill, with remark-
able rude ancient fortress, about 12 miles
west of Kingussie, Inverness-shire.

DUNDARDIL, hill at side of Loch Ness,
in Dores parish, Inverness-shire.

DUNDARGUE, ruined castle on coast of
Aberdour parish, Fife. It figured in the
wars of the succession.

DUNDARROW, ruined old castle on Loch
Fyne side, 4 miles north-east of Inverary,
Argyleshire.

DUNDAS, seat, 1| mile south-south-west
of Queensferry, Linlithgowshire. It is a
massive castellated edifice, partly ancient,
and was recently enlarged ; and its
grounds are ornate, and were much im-
proved in 1880.

DUNDAVIOT, hill, formerly a signal
post, in Daviot parish, Inverness-shire.

DUNDEE, town and parish on south
border of Forfarshire. The town stands
on Firth of Tay, 9J miles west of Buddon-
ness, and 21^ east-north-east of Perth ;
dates from ancient times, but never till
quite a modern period became large, and
now, as to both population and aggregate
importance, is the third town in Scotland.
It figures historically in connection with
Prince David of Huntingdon, Edward I.
of England, Sir William Wallace, the
Duke of Lancaster in 1385, the Re-
former Wishart, the Marquis of Montrose,
General Monck, and Graham of Claver-
house; it was visited by James v., Queen
Mary, James VI., Charles II., and Queen
Victoria ; and it gave the titles of viscount
and earl for some time to the family of
Scrymseour, and that of viscount after-
wards to Graham of Claverhouse. Its

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DUN

site is partly low ground adjacent to the
shore, and partly slopes and undulations
ascending toward the overhanging hills of
Dundee Law and Balgay. The entire
town, till after the commencement of the
present century, stood on the low ground,
and was dense, irregular, and unpleasant ;
but the town now extends far beyond its
old limits ; shows a larger proportion of
architectural improvement than any other
considerable Scottish town ; includes many
spacious, regular, well-built quarters ; and,
as seen from the firth or from the opposite
shore, looks very beautiful. Its old High
Street, of form and size to seem almost
like a square, has been so renovated and
constructed as to look brightly modern.
Reform Street, striking thence to the
north, and some other modern streets, are
as handsome as portions of the New Town
of Edinburgh. Some of the outskirts are
dingy ; but those in the west, and parts of
those in the north, are studded with villas
and large ornate buildings. The eastern
public park, about a mile north-east of
High Street, comprises about 38 acres in
form of landscape garden, and was pro-
vided by the Baxters at a cost of £50,000.
Dundee Law, immediately north of the
town, is a verdant domical hill, 572 feet
high, and commands a gorgeous view.
Balgay, a lower hill a little to the west,
commands much of the same view, and
contains the western public park, of
nearly 86 acres, formed in 1871.

The town is a royal and parliamentary
burgh, sending two members to Parliament,
a seat of justiciary courts, a place of
various and extensive manufacture, and a
great seaport ; has a head post office with
all departments, 9 local post offices with
each a money order department, railway
communication in all directions, 9 banking
offices, and 9 principal hotels ; publishes
6 daily newspapers, and 2 twice a week ;
is the metropolis of the Scottish linen
trade, with factories worth nearly
£3,000,000 ; carries on extensive ship-
building in all forms and with much
repute ; conducts also much iron-working,
rope-making, carpet manufacture, machine-
making, sugar-refining, glove-making, and
other industries ; and in 1879 made ex-
ports of 359,080 tons in 1251 British
vessels, and 43,362 tons in 197 foreign
vessels, and had imports of 403,343 tons
in 1313 British vessels, and 53,960 tons in
225 foreign vessels. Its harbour has
undergone progressive, rapid, costly im-
provement ; comprises great wet docks,
spacious quays, patent slip, graving docks,
and other appliances of a first-class port ;
was estimated, for the year 1878-79, to
have a revenue of £50,148, and an expendi-
ture of £45,526 ; and had then a value of
£812,842, burdened with a debt of £352,148.
The Tay bridge or railway viaduct, on the
firth from west end of the town to the
Fife coast, — opened in June 1878, destroyed
in December 1879, and intended to be rebuilt,

— had much influence on the local trade,
and made a great figure in the landscape,
but will be separately noticed.

Many of the public buildings possess
much interest. The Town Hall in High
Street was built in 1734, and improved in
1854, and is in the Roman Ionic style, with
tower and spire. The Royal Exchange, at
end of Panmure Street, was built in 1853-
56, and is in the Flemish style. The
Corn Exchange, in Bank Street, was built
in 1856-58, and is in the Italian style.
The Exchange Coffee-room, at foot of
Castle Street, cost £9000, and is in the
Palladian style. The Court House and
prison, off Ward Street, were built in
1836 at a cost of £26,000, and much en-
larged in 1854. The Cattle Market,
between Ferry Road and East Street, was
erected in 1876 at a cost of more than
£40,000, and comprises both markets
proper and abattoirs. The Custom House,
in Dock Street, was built in 1843, and has
a Roman Ionic portico. The Royal Arch,
at head of Victoria Quay, was erected in
1844 to commemorate the landing of Queen
Victoria, and is in the Saxon style.
Carmichael's Monument and Burns'
Monument, in the Albert Institute
grounds, were erected in respectively 1876
and 1880, and each is mainly a bronze
statue. Dundee College, with character
similar to a university, was projected in
1874, and was begun to be erected in 1881-
82, by means of an endowment of £140,000,
by Miss and Dr. Baxter. The Albert
Institute, in Albert Square, was built in
1867-69 at a cost of more than £24,000, is
in good Gothic style, and contains public
hall, science class-rooms, picture gallery,
and free library. The public seminaries,
in Reform Street, were built in 1833 at a
cost of £10,000, and have a massive octo-
style Doric portico. The Morgan Educa-
tional Hospital, adjacent to the eastern
public park, was built in 1867-69 from a
bequest of more than £70,000, and is in the
Scottish baronial style. A public school
in the east end of town, the sixth erected
by the burgh board, was built in 1878 at a
cost of £5700, and has accommodation for
750 scholars.

The churches in the town and suburbs
are 14 Established, 18 Free, 11 United
Presbyterian, 1 United Original Secession,
6 Congregational, 3 Evangelical Union, 4
Baptist, 2 "Wesleyan, 5 Episcopalian, 1
Catholic Apostolic, and 4 Roman Catholic.
Three of the Established churches, near the
centre of the town, one of them ancient, the
other two rebuilt in 1842-47 at a cost of
£11,135, form one cruciform Gothic edifice
surmounted by a famous ancient tower ;
and that tower is believed to have been
built by Prince David of Huntingdon, and
was renovated in 1873 at a cost of about
£8000. A number of the other churches,
Established, Free, United Presbyterian,
and Congregational, are ornamental
structures ; and several of them were

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143

DUN

erected in years from 1877 till 1882. St.
Paul's Episcopalian church, on Castle Hill,
was erected in 1855 at a cost of £13,000,
and is a middle-pointed cruciform edifice
with steeple 217 feet high. The Catholic
Apostolic church, in Constitution Road,
was built in 1868, and is finely ornate.
St. Mary's Roman Catholic church, in
Hilltown, was built in 1851, is in the Saxon
style, and measures within walls 152 feet
by 60.' The Royal Infirmary, on a skirt of
Dundee Law, was built in 1852-55, at a
cost of about £15,000, is in the Tudor
style, and has a frontage of 350 feet, and
two long receding wings. The Convalescent
Hospital, at Barnhill, Broughty Ferry,
was built in 1876 from gifts of £33,000
by the Baxters. The Lunatic Asylum, at
West Green, about 5 miles from the town,
was founded in 1879, designed to accom-
modate 370 patients, and estimated to
cost about £60,000. The town extends into
the parish of Liff, and includes the large
suburb of Lochee. Real property of the
parliamentary burgh in 1880-81, £657,335.
Pop. in 1871, 118,977; in 1881, 140,239.

The parish includes part of Broughty
Ferry. The main body extends about 6|
miles along the Tay with mean breadth of
less than 2 miles ; a detached district com-
mences about ^ mile north of its north
end, and is about 1£ mile long and If
mile broad ; and the whole comprises
4349 acres. Real property of landward
part in 1880-81, £23,056. Pop. of the
whole, 100,965. The surface of the main
body rises with easy ascent from the Tay,
includes Dundee Law and Balgay Hill,
and presents a beautiful appearance. The
detached district abounds with excellent
sandstone. The chief estates are Craigie,
Claypots, Duntrune, Drumgeith, Baldovie,
Pitkerro, Dudhope, Clepington, and Black-
ness ; and the principal antiquities are an
old archway, 2 or 3 notable old houses,
and the sites of a royal palace, a noble
mansion, and a number of ancient churches
and religious houses in the town. 98
schools for 17,719 scholars were in the
burgh, and the board resolved to abolish
11 of them for 1539, and to provide 7 new
schools and an enlargement for 4000.

DUNDEE AND ARBROATH RAILWAY,
railway 16| miles long from Dundee,
along the coast past Broughty Ferry and
Carnoustie, to Arbroath, in Forfarshire.
It was opened in 1839, and it became the
joint property of the North British and
the Caledonian Companies at 1st February
1880. It connects at Broughty Ferry with
the railway communication through Fife ;
sends off, from a point near its north-east
end, a goods branch to Carmylie ; and
connects at Arbroath with the railways
thence to Forfar and Montrose.

DUNDEE AND FORFAR DIRECT
RAILWAY, railway 17| miles long, from
the Dundee and Arbroath line at Broughty
Ferry northward to Forfar. It was opened
in 1870.

DUNDEE AND NEWTYLE RAILWAY,

railway 16f miles long, from west end of
Dundee north-westward to Newtyle, in
Forfarshire. It was originally a single
truck line, 10J miles long, opened in 1831 ;
it left the town on a long steep inclined
plane, and by a tunnel through Dundee
Law ; it was altered by the formation of
two new portions, the one 7f miles long
directly onward, opened in 1859, the other
6 miles long to Lochee, opened in 1861 ;
and it was designed near the end of 1879
to acquire a new portion, starting from the
south end of the tunnel through Dundee
Law, and proceeding by the old. line into
junction with the new one near Downfield.

DUNDEE AND PERTH RAILWAY, rail-
way 21| miles, from Dundee west-south-
westward to Perth. It was opened in
1847 ; it traverses luxuriant and pictur-
esque tracts along the Tay, to the vicinity
of Perth ; and it there crosses the river on a
very long grand viaduct in form of segment
of a circle with the central part on an
island. Both this railway and the Dundee
and Newtyle were amalgamated in 1863
with the Scottish Central, and went with
that system in 1865 to the Caledonian.

DUNDEE AND STANLEY RAILWAY,
railway, projected in August 1880, to strike
from the Dundee and Perth line at Nine-
wells, to go by Millhill, Abernyte, Pit-
kindy, Bandirran, and Balbeggie, and to
join the Highland line at Stanley, in
Perthshire.

DUNDELCHACK, lake, about 6 miles
long and Lj mile broad, in Daviot parish,
Inverness-shire.

DUNDONALD, village, castle, and parish
in north-west of Kyle, Ayrshire. The
village stands 4 J miles south-east of Irvine,
presents an interesting appearance, and
has a post office under Kilmarnock, Es-
tablished and Free churches, and a public
school with about 141 scholars. — The
castle stands on an eminence adjacent to
the village ; appears to have been erect-
ed in 12th century ; was the residence
of several of the Stewart princes, and
the death place of Robert II. ; is now a
large, strong, thick-walled ruin ; and has
given the title of earl since 1669 to the
family of Cochrane. — The parish contains
also Fullarton suburb of Irvine, the town
of Troon, and the villages of Old Rome,
Shewalton, and Loans. Its length is 1\
miles ; its greatest breadth about 6^
miles ; its area 12,365 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1879-80, £47,353. Pop., quoad
civilia, 8086 ; quoad sacra, 1509. The
surface is divided from north to south into
two nearly equal sections by the low range
of Claven Hills and by Shewalton Moss.
The western section is nearly a dead flat,
bounded by the Firth of Clyde ; and the
eastern section is an assemblage of gentle
eminences, embellished with wood. The
seats are Fairlie, Shewalton, Newfield,
Auchans, Curreath, Hillhouse, and Fullar-
ton, the last belonging to the Duke of

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144

DUN

Portland. Established and Free churches
are at Troon and Fullarton, and a United
Presbyterian church is at Troon. 7 schools
for 832 scholars are in the parish, and
1 of them and a classroom for 210 are new.

DUNDONALD, remains of old castle in
Killean parish, Argyleshire.

DUNDONALD, coal-field in Auchter-
derran parish, Fife.

DUNDONNELL, seat in Lochbroom par-
ish, Ross-shire.

DUNDONNO CHIE, seat near Dunkeld,
Perthshire.

DUNDONY, small green island in Peter-
head parish, Aberdeenshire.

DUNDORNADIL. See Doknadilla.

DUNDREICH, round-topped hill, 1934
feet high, with extensive view, 6 J miles
north-by- east of Peebles.

DUNDRENNAN, village, old abbey, and
seat, 6 miles east-south-east of Kirkcud-
bright. The village has a post office under
Kirkcudbright, an inn, and 2 public
schools with about 213 scholars. The abbey
was founded in 1142; had a cruciform
church with spire 200 feet high ; was the
place where Queen Mary spent her last
night in Scotland ; and is now represented
by considerable well-preserved ruins.

DUNDUFF, place, with traces of Roman
camp and remains of old baronial fortalice,
in Maybole parish, Ayrshire.

DUNDUFF, place, with public school, in
Dunfermline parish, Fife.

DUNDURCUS, old parish, now annexed
mainly to Boharm in Banffshire, and
partly to Rothes in Elginshire.

DUNDURN, old parish, now part of
Comrie, Perthshire.

DUNDYVAN, suburb or section of Coat-
bridge, Lanarkshire. It has extensive
ironworks, and a great public school with
about 360 scholars.

DUNEARN, hill, with supposed crater
of extinct volcano, and with supposed
remains of Roman camp, in Burntisland
parish, Fife.

DUNEATON, small river, running about
13 miles south-eastward to the Clyde, at
about 2 miles below Abington, Lanark-
shire.

DUNECHT, a seat of the Earl of Craw-
ford, and place with post office under
Aberdeen, 12 miles west of Aberdeen.

DUNEVAN, ancient hill-fort near Caw-
dor, Nairnshire.

DUNEWAN, hill and reservoir, 2J miles
south of Eaglesham, Renfrewshire.

DUNFALLANDY, seat and ancient monu-
mental stone in Logierait parish, Perth-
shire.

DUNFERMLINE, town and parish in
south-west of Fife. The town stands 2|
miles north of Firth of Forth, and 20 east-
south-east of Stirling ; owed its origin to
an ancient abbey and. an ancient royal
palace ; figured much, for many ages, in
connection with royal courts and royal
visits ; suffered almost total destruction
by fire in 1624, but rose again to prosperity ;

occupies ground variously fiat, sloping,
broken, and ridgy; comprises narrow old
streets, good new streets, and a large new
western suburb ; has charming environs,
studded with villas and mansions, and
rich in both natural beauty and artificial
ornature ; and contains fine view-points,
interesting antiquities, and handsome
public buildings. It ranks as a royal and
parliamentary burgh, and as the seat of
sheriff courts for the west of Fife ; unites
with Inverkeithing, Culross, Queensferry,
and Stirling in sending a member to
Parliament ; carries on manufacture of
table linen in a manner and to an extent
unrivalled in the world; publishes 2
weekly newspapers ; and has a head post
office with all departments, a railway
station, 5 banking offices, 5 hotels, 4
Established churches, 3 Free churches, 4
United Presbyterian churches, Congrega-
tional, Evangelical Union, Baptist, Epis-
copalian, Catholic Apostolic, and Roman
Catholic churches, and 10 public schools.

The Corporation Buildings stand at
corner of Kirkgate and Bridge Street,
were founded in October 1876, are in a
combination of the Gothic and the French
styles, have a corner tower 117 feet high,
and were estimated to cost £18,688. The
Public Hall stands in St. Margaret Street,
was erected in 1878 at a cost of about
£9500, is in the early English style, and
contains two halls, one of them with accom-
modation for 1320 persons. The Free
Library adjoins the Public Hall, originated
in a gift of £8000 from Mr. A. Carnegie,
was planned in September 1880, and is
in the domestic Tudor style. The Public
Baths look toward Schoolend Street, were
erected in 1877 from a gift of £5000 from
Mr. A. Carnegie, and have a front eleva-
tion in the Scoto-Gothic style. A modern
bridge, 297 feet long, spans Pittencrieff
Glen, became surmounted by excellent
houses, and forms part of one of the best
streets. The water supply comprises
works of 1847 formed on a capital of
£13,350, additional works of 1868 at a
cost of about £17,400, and supplemental
works begun in 1877, and estimated to cost
about £55,000. Pittencrieff Glen possesses
much natural beauty, strikes a stranger
with surprise, contains a fragment of a
palatial castle of Malcolm Canmore, and
adjoins some remains of a later royal
palace. The Abbey occupies the site of a
Culdee cell, was founded by Malcolm Can-
more, altered by David I., and extended in
1250 ; contains the ashes of eight Scottish
kings and numerous queens and princes ;
and is now represented by the ruined nave,
exhibiting features of transition from Saxon
to Norman. The modern Abbey church
occupies the site of the old Abbey church's
choir ; was erected in 1821 at a cost of
more than £12,000 ; gave rise, at the ex-
cavation for it, to the discovery of the
remains of King Robert Bruce ; and has
a tower 100 feet high, with the words,

DUN

145

DUN

'King Robert the Bruce,' in the open
stonework of a surmounting Gothic balus-
trade. Monuments to Rev. Ralph Erskine
and Rev. Thomas Gillespie, founders of
sections of the United Presbyterian Church,
were erected within the Abbey in 1876. A
new Free church, in lieu of a previous one,
was projected in 1881. The town gave the
title of earl from 1605 till 1694 to the
family of Seton, and that of baron in 1839
to the third son of Sir Ralph Abercromby.
Real property of the burgh in 1880-81,
£56,371. Pop. 17,083.

The parish contains also the villages of
Charleston, Crossford, Halbeath, King-
soat, North Queensferry, TownhiU,
"Wellwood, Masterton, and Patiemuir,
most of Limekilns, and part of Crossgates
and Milesmark ; consists of a main body
and a small detached district; and is
bounded on the south by Firth of Forth.
The main body has a length of about 9
miles, and an extreme breadth of 6 miles ;
the detached district lies around Queens-
ferry ; and the whole has an area of 20,764
acres. Real property in 1880-81 of landward
part, £51,420. Pop., quoad civilia, 26,568 ;
quoad sacra, 17,547. The coast is about
1^ mile long, and variously flat and high.
The interior rises gently from Limekilns,
but brokenly from the small detached
district, to vicinity of the burgh ; is there,
and for some distance, picturesquely di-
versified ; alternates in ridges and hollows,
with increasing diversity and elevation,
towards the north ; and includes parts of
Craigluscar and Beath Hills on the ulterior
boundary. Coal is very plentiful, and
has long been extensively worked. Chief
residences are the Earl of Elgin's seat of
Broomhall, Pittencrieff, Pitreavie, Pitfir-
rane, Garvock, Keavil, . and Craigluscar.
The chief antiquities are those in the
burgh, and a battle-field of 1641 at Pit-
reavie. A Free church is at North
Queensferry, and United Presbyterian
churches are at Limekilns and Crossgates.
16 schools, for 3085 scholars, are in the
burgh, and 3 of them for 1150 are new ;
and 11 for 2242 scholars are in the land-
ward parts, and 4 of them and a class-room
for 1460 are new.

DUNFERMLINE (NORTH), quoad sacra
parish, with Established and Free churches
in Dunfermline. Pop. 4027.

DUNFERMLINE (ST. ANDREW), quoad
sacra parish, with Established and Free
churches in Dunfermline. Pop. 4503.

DUNFILLAN green, conical hill, with
rock-summit, called St. Fillan's Chair,
near St. Fillan's village, Perthshire.

DUNFIN conical mound, with vitrified
fort, on cliff, at side of the Drhuim, Inver-
nesb-stnre.

DUNGAVEL, two-topped hill in Wiston
parish, Lanarkshire.

DUNGEON, lake in Kells parish, Kirk-
cudbrightshire.

DUNGIVEL, hill in Avondale parish,
Lanarkshire.

DUNGLASS, small rocky promontory
on the Clyde, 1\ miles east-south-east of
Dumbarton. It is crowned with remains
of an ancient castle of the Colquhouns,
and with an obelisk of 1839 to the memory
of Henry Bell.

DUNGLASS, mansion and dean on the
coast, at boundary between Haddington-
shire and Berwickshire. The mansion is
the seat of Sir Basil F. Hall, Bart. ; occu-
pies the site of a strong, ancient, historical
castle of the Earls of Home ; and has
well-wooded, picturesque grounds. The
dean includes part of these grounds ; is a
deep, romantic ravine,descendingfrom skirt
of the Lammermoors, and opening grandly
to the sea ; and is crossed by a very lofty
six-arched railway viaduct and two bridges.

DUNGLASS, bare bleak hill in Strath-
blane parish, Stirlingshire.

DUNGOIACH, conical wooded hill, con-
trasting strongly with Dunglass Hill, in
Strathblane parish, Stirlingshire.

DUNGOIL. See Dunagoil.

DUNGYLE, hill, with site of strong,
ancient Caledonian fort, in Kelton
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

DUNHEAD, vestige of ancient triangular
camp in Carmylie parish, Forfarshire.

DUN-I, hill in Iona Island, Argyleshire.

DUNIAN, round - backed ridgy hill,
1095 feet high, and about 3 miles long
and 2^ miles broad, culminating 1\ miles
south-west of Jedburgh, Roxburghshire.

DUNIKER. See Dunnikier.

DUNIMARLE. See Dunamaele.

DUNINO, parish, with church, 4 miles
south-south-east of St. Andrews, Fife. It
has a post office under St. Andrews. Its
length is 3^ miles ; its greatest breadth 2f
miles ; its area, 2737 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £4106. Pop. 297. The
surface is undulating, and rises to an ex-
treme height of less than 300 feet. The
chief estates are Dunino, Pittairthy, Stra-
vithy, and Kinaldy ; and the chief
antiquity is an old fortalice. The public
school has about 76 scholars.

DUNIPACE, parish, containing part of
Denny town, in Stirlingshire. Its length
is 5f miles ; its greatest breadth 2| miles ;
its area 5586 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £10,186. Pop. of town part, 1257;
of parish quoad civilia, 1874 ; quoad sacra,
1856. The river Carron traces all the
southern boundary. The eastern section is
part of the Carse of Stirling; and the western
rises to an elevation of about 600 feet. The
chief seats are Dunipace House, Quarter,
Carbrook, and Herbertshire, — the last very
ancient ; and the chief antiquities are two
beautiful artificial mounds, which have
been the subject of much controversy, and
the ruined Torwood Castle. The churches
are Established and Free. There are 2
schools for 360 scholars, and both are new.

DUNIPHAIL, estate with modern man-
sion, fragment of ancient castle, post office,
and railway station 8% miles south of
Forres, Elginshire. The castle stood on
K

DUN

146

DUN

a steep, conical hill, and resisted a siege
iby Randolph, Earl of Moray. The post
office is designated of Morayshire.

DUNIQUOICH, steep, conical, wooded hill,
about 700 feet high, with fine panoramic
view, adjacent to Inverary, Argyleshire.

DUNIRA, a seat of Sir Sidney J. Dundas,
Bart., 2| miles west-north-west of Oomrie,
Perthshire. It stands in a romantic glen,
noticed in Hogg's ' Bonny Kilmeny.'

DUNKELD, town and parish in Strath-
tay, Perthshire. The town stands on left
hank of the Tay, f mile north of a railway
station of its own name, 15J miles north-
north-west of Perth ; and is approached
from the station by a seven-arched bridge,
685 feet long, across the Tay, erected in
1809 at a cost of £40,000. It got its name
from being the ' Fort of the Kelts ' against
invasion from the South ; it became the
seat of successively a Culdee cell, a Romish
monastery, and a cathedral ; it flourished
for ages in connection with its cathedral,
and as an occasional royal residence ; it
witnessed a defeat of Royalist troops, and
was nearly all burnt by the Jacobite forces
after the battle of Killiecrankie ; and it
now has the size of only a considerable
village, and prospers chiefly as a favourite
resort of summer visitors and tourists. It
stands on low ground ; is immediately
overhung, round much of its skirt, by
lofty, diversified, wooded, picturesque
hills ; presents, from exterior view-points,
a very striking appearance ; contains a
good modern street on a line with the
bridge, an old street, and some lanes ; ad-
joins a mansion of the Duke of Athole ;
and has a head post office, with all de-
partments, 3 banking offices, 4 hotels,
remains of its cathedral, Established, Free,
and Congregational churches, a grammar
school, and a public library. The Duke of
Athole's mansion, Dunkeld House, is a
palatial edifice, founded by the fourth
duke, but left incomplete at his death in
1830 ; is in tasteful variety of the Gothic
style ; was visited in 1842 and 1844 by
Queen Victoria ; and has very extensive
grounds with ornate suites of buildings,
and rich diversity of gardens, drives, and
walks. The cathedral was erected in times
from middle of 12th century till latter
part of 15th ; is in styles from the later
Norman to the later English, with some
geometric and flamboyant features ; and
contains monuments of the ' Wolf of
Badenoch,' two bishops, and the 42d
Highlanders for their services at the
Crimea. The greater part of it, measuring
112 feet by 62, is a roofless ruin, with walls
40 feet high ; but the choir was renovated
in 1820, at a cost of about £5400, to serve
as the parochial church ; and the chapter-
house is still entire, and contains a statue
of the fourth Duke of Athole, and monu-
ments of other members of the Athole
family. Pop. of the town, 768. The
parish excludes part of the town, is all
occupied by the rest of the town and the

ducal pleasure grounds, and figures in all
statistics as conjoint with Dowally. Acres
of the two, 9456. Real property in
1880-81, £3350. Pop. 791.

DUNKELD (LITTLE) , parish in Strathtay,
Perthshire. It took its name from a vil-
lage which stood on the right bank of the
Tay, opposite Dunkeld, but is now extinct ;
it contains the railway station of Dunkeld,
the villages of Birnam, Inver, and Dal-
guise, and about 20 smaller villages or
hamlets ; and it measures 16 miles in
length, about 9 miles in greatest breadth,
and 41,268 acres in area. Real property in
1880-81,£20,012. Pop. 2175. The Tay flows
windingly and beautifully on the northern
and eastern boundary for about 14 miles ;
and the Bran runs partly on the southern
boundary, but chiefly through the interior,
and has there the notable Rumbling
Bridge and Ossian's Hall. Birnam Hill
is on the southern boundary ; hills or
mountains occupy a large proportion of
the other borders ; hills or mountains also
occupy much of the interior ; and so many
as about 20,378 acres are uncultivated.
The sections nearest the Tay and along
the Bran include large tracts of good
arable land, either flat, sloping, or undu-
lating, and contain nearly all the popula-
tion. A remarkably fine clay is found
in Strathbran ; and a very fine hard
sandstone occurs in the south-east. The
chief seats are Murthly Castle, Dalguise
House, Kinnaird House, Birnam Lodge,
Torwood, and Dundonnochie ; and the
chief antiqtiities are Caledonian stone
circles, Caledonian forts, huge cairns,
Trochrie Castle, and objects on Birnam
Hill. The churches are 2 Established, 2
Free, and an Episcopalian. There are 5
schools for 435 scholars, and 1 of them
for 200 is new.

DUNKENNY, seat near Glammis, For-
farshire.

DUNLAPPIE, old parish, now part of
Strickathrow, Forfarshire.

DUNLEA, headland in Kilmuir parish,
Isle of Skye.

DUNLEAKEN, massive mountain, con-
tiguous to Loch Fyne, near Furnace village,
Argyleshire. A quarry of very fine
granite is on it.

DUNLIATH, Scandinavian fort in Kil-
muir parish, Isle of Skye.

DUNLICHITY, old parish united to
Daviot, in Inverness-shire.

DUNLOP, village in Ayrshire, and parish
partly also in Renfrewshire. The village
stands 1\ miles north of Stewarton, and
has a post office under Stewarton, a par-
ochial church, a Free church, and a public
school with about 149 scholars. Pop. 357.
The parish is about 7 miles long, and
mostly about 2 miles broad, but contracts
towards the ends. Acres in Ayrshire,
6078 ; in Renfrewshire, 1101. Real pro-
perty in 1879-80, £15,935, and £3209.
Pop. 1363. The surface is mostly an
assemblage of green knolls and hillocks ;

DUN

147

DUN

lies everywhere higher than 300 feet above
sea-level, yet nowhere higher than about
150 feet above the beds of the local
streams ; and commands, from many a
point, an extensive panoramic view. The
dairy draws chief attention of the culti-
vators, and has long been famous for its
cheese. Dunlop House is the principal
residence, and Aiket Castle the chief
antiquity.

DUNLOP-PLACE, village in Dalserf par-
ish, Lanarkshire. Pop., with Red Row,327.

DUNLUGAS, estate, with mansion and
public school, in Alvah parish, Banffshire.

DUNLUSKIN, hill and lake near Dunoon,
Argyleshire.

DUNMAC SNI ACH AN, site of alleged
Dalriadan city of Berigonium on coast of
Ardchattan parish, Argyleshire.

DUNMAGLASS, detached section of
Nairnshire, about 16 square miles in ai-ea,
encompassed by Dunlichity old parish, in
Inverness-shire.

DUNMAN, rocky hill, with vestiges of
ancient Caledonian fort, on coast of
ELirkmaiden parish, Wigtonshire.

DUNMORE, village and mansion in
Airth parish, Stirlingshire. The village
stands on the Forth, 8 miles east-south-
east of Stirling, and has a post office with
telegraph under Stirling, a small harbour,
and an Episcopalian chapel. The mansion
is the seat of the Earl of Dunmore, is an
elegant Gothic edifice, and has a well-
wooded park.

DUNMORE, seat on north-west side of
West Loch Tarbert, Argyleshire.

DUNMORE, hill, crowned by granite
obelisk, 72 feet high, to the memory of
Lord Melville, 1£ mile north of Comrie,
Perthshire.

DUNMORE, hill in Monzie parish, Perth-
shire.

DUN (MUIR OF), hamlet in Dun parish,
Forfarshire.

DUNMULLIE, place, with vestiges of
mediaeval castle, in Duthil parish, Inver-
ness-shire.

DUNMYAT, precipitous hill in north
front of the Ochils, 4 miles north-east of
Stirling. It looks like a huge buttress,
rises to a height of 1375 feet above sea-
level, and commands one of the most
magnificent views in Great Britain.

DUNN, hamlet in Watten parish, Caith-
ness. It has a public school with about 72

SC D°UNNAGU, mountain, 2505 feet high,
6 miles west of Duart, in Mull Island,
Argyleshire.

DUNNECHTAN. See Dunnichen.

DUNNET, village and parish on north
coast of Caithness. The village stands 9
miles east by north of Thurso, and has a
post office under Thurso, Established and
Free churches, and a public school with
about 53 scholars. The parish measures
12 miles in length, and 6 miles in greatest
breadth. Real property in 1880-81,
£6238. Pop. 1607. Dunnet Bay is

partly on the north-western border, ex-
tends westward at the mouth to Holburn-
Head, and has a total length of about 5i
miles, with mean breadth of about 2f
miles. Dunnet promontory extends north-
ward from upper part of east side of the
bay, is 3% miles long, and averagely 1\
miles broad, and presents all round to the
sea a broken rocky face from 100 to 400
feet high. Dunnet Head terminates that
promontory, is the most northerly ground
of the Scottish mainland, and is crowned
with a lighthouse, showing a fixed light
visible at the distance of 23 nautical miles.
The coast eastward of the promontory is
straight, low, and rocky, and about 2 J
miles long, and has small harbours at
Brough and Ham. All the interior, ex-
cepting the promontory, has a slightly irre-
gular surface, not far from level, with
average elevation of about 150 feet. Chief
objects of interest are quarries, 10 small
lakes, numerous tumuli and Picts' houses,
and vestiges of 3 Romish chapels. Public
schools are at Ratter, Greenland, and
Barrock.

DUNNICHEN, village and parish in south
centre of Forfarshire. The village stands 4
miles east-south-east of Forfar, and contains
the parochial church. The parish contains
4 other small villages, and most of the
large post office village of Letham. Its
length is about 5 miles ; its breadth about
3f miles ; its area, 4917 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £8909. Pop. 1422.
The surface consists mostly of gently
sloping reaches, and rises at its highest
point to about 720 feet above sea-level.
Dunnichen Hill, on the northern boundary,
includes the highest point, is about 3
miles long, and was originally called
Dunnechtan, from a resident Pictish
chieftain. A chief residence is Dunnichen
House, and a chief antiquity is the field of
a battle in 7th century between the Picts
and the Northumbrian Saxons. A Free
church and a Congregational chapel are in
Letham. 2 schools for 290 scholars are in
the parish, and one of them and an en-
largement for 234 are new.

DUNNIDEER, isolated hill, with vitrified
fort and remnant of ancient castle, in
Insch parish, Aberdeenshire.

DUNNIKIER, old part of Pathhead
suburb of Kirkcaldy, Fife. It has a Free
church, and it adjoins an estate of its own
name with mansion and collieries.

DUNNIKIER, hill, with extensive view,
in Kilconquhar parish, Fife.

DUNNINALD, old parish, with dean,
hill, and modern mansion of its own
name now in Craig, adjacent to Montrose,
Forfarshire.

DUNNING, town and parish on south-
east border of Perthshire. The town
stands 1£ mile south-east of a railway
station of its own name, and 9£ miles
south-west of Perth ; includes the suburb
of Newton of Pitcairns ; presents a
pleasant appearance ; and has a post

DUN

148

DUN

office with money order and telegraph
departments under Perth, a banking
office, Established, Free, and United
Presbyterian churches, and 3 public
schools. Pop. 813. The parish is
about 7 miles long and 4 miles broad, and
comprises 14,855 acres. Keal property in
1880-81, £13,870. Pop. 1635. About one-
third of the surface lies among the Ochils,
and the rest slopes to the Earn. Dun-
cruib, the seat of Lord Rollo, is the chief
mansion ; and other seats are Pitcairns
and Garvock.

DUNNOTTAR, parish containing Craw-
ton fishing village and part of Stonehaven
post town, on coast of Kincardineshire.
Its length is 5£ miles ; its greatest breadth
3^ miles ; its area 7783 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £12,869. Pop. 2498.
The coast has a length of 3f miles, is
mostly very bold and rocky, and abounds
in deep caves, much frequented by sea-
fowl. The interior is mostly uneven, with
numerous rising-grounds and hillocks ; but
includes, on its north border, a part of the
How of Mearns. The chief seat is Dunn-
ottar House ; and the chief antiquity, a
great and famous one, is Dunnottar Castle.
This crowns an insulated salient rock,
rising from the sea in cliffs 160 feet high ;
was erected and occupied by the Keiths,
Earls Marischal ; made a great figure
in the long course of the wars of the Suc-
cession ; became the hiding-place of the
Scottish Regalia in the time of Cromwell,
and a State prison in the times of Charles
II. and James VII. ; is notable for the
' Whigs' Vault,' where many of the
Covenanters were immured and tortured ;
was dismantled after the attainder of the
last Earl Marischal in 1715 ; and presents
now the appearance of a very striking ruin
with embattled walls and stately towers.
The parochial church stands about 1^
mile north-west of the castle ; and its
churchyard contains a monument to the
Covenanters who died in the ' "Whigs'
Vault,' and was the place where Sir Walter
Scott met the person whom he calls ' Old
Mortality.' Free, United Presbyterian,
Episcopalian, and Roman Catholic churches
are in Stonehaven. 3 public schools for
321 scholars are in the parish, and 1 of
them for 105 is new.

DUNOLLY, ruined ancient castle and
fine modern mansion, near Oban, Argyle-
shire. The castle stands on a bold, rocky
promontory at northern extremity of
Oban bay ; dates from 12th century, but
may have been preceded by a Scandinavian
fortalice ; was the chief seat of the Mac-
dougals, lords of Lorn ; and is now
represented by only its keep and some
ivy-clad fragments of other buildings.

DUNOON, town and parish in Cowal
district, Argyleshire. The town stands
on Firth of Clyde, 8 miles by water west
of Greenock ; grew around an ancient
castle on crown of small promontory ;
became a residence of the Bishops of

Argyle, and a great ferry thoroughfare ;
prospered, nevertheless, only so far as to
be a village, and sank afterwards to the
condition of a hamlet ; expanded from
about 1822 till the present time into the
bulk and celebrity of the largest and most
favoured watering-place on the Clyde ;
and made a claim, in 1873, to be consti-
tuted the political capital of Argyleshire.
The castle is thought to have been de-
veloped from a Dalriadan fortalice ; was
captured by Edward Baliol, held by Edward
III. of England, and recaptured by the
Steward who became Robert III.; under-
went reconstruction, in three-towered
form and with palatial grandeur, about
beginning of 15th century ; ranked there-
after as a royal palace in charge of the
noble family of Argyle ; was visited by
Queen Mary ; became the scene, in 17th.
century, of a horrible massacre ; was then
relinquished to decay ; and subsided
eventually into merely a sub-basement.
The town, in one sense, is a compact
assemblage of regular streets adjacent to
the castle promontory ; in another sense,
is an array of single streets, rows of villas,
and groups of various sorts of buildings,
including Kirn and other suburbs, and
extending about 4| miles from Holy Loch
to Bawtry Bay ; in either sense, occupies
a strip of low ground, backed by braes
ascending rapidly to mountain height, and
presents a picturesque appearance. It
has a head post office, with money order
and telegraph departments, 2 banking
offices, 4 hotels, a town hall of 1874,
convalescent homes, steamboat piers near
the castle site and at Kirn, 2 Established
churches, 2 Free churches, 2 United
Presbyterian churches, 2 Episcopalian
churches, Baptist and Roman Catholic
chapels, 3 public schools, and several
local institutions. The parochial church
is a prominent Gothic edifice of 1816 ;
one of the Free churches was erected in
1877 ; and one of the United Presbyterian
churches in 1875. Pop. of the town, 4687.
— The parish contains also the villages of
Inellan, Sandbank, Ardenadam, Kdmun,
Strone, Blairmore, and Ardentinny. Its
length is about 18 miles; its greatest
breadth 9 miles ; its area 44,595 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £78,550. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 7974 ; quoad sacra, 5349.
The coast is bisected, to the extent of
about 2 miles, by Holy Loch ; measures,
inclusive of curvatures, at least 30 miles ;
has a low and mostly narrow seaboard,
with great aggregate of artificial ornature.
and occupied to the amount of at least 6
miles by town and villages ; and is over-
hung, immediately behin'd the seaboard,
by bold hills or mountains. The interior
comprises 5 groups or ranges of hill or
mountain, and 5 intersecting vales or glens;
and it exhibits, in both its uplands and
its low grounds, a rich diversity of natural
feature. The chief seats are Toward
Castle, Hafton House, Glenfinart House,

DUN

149

DUN

and Benmore House ; and the chief an-
tiquities are the sub-basement of Dunoon
Castle, the ruin of old Toward Castle,
and the tower of Kilmun collegiate church.
Established churches are at Toward,
Inellan, Sandbank, Kilmun, Strone, and
Ardentinny ; Free churches are at Inellan,
Sandbank, and Kilmun ; and a United
Presbyterian church is at Inellan. Sixteen
schools for 1565 scholars are in the
parish, and 5 of them for 580 are new.

DUNPHAIL. See Duniphail.

DUNRAGIT, railway station, post office,
and seat, 5 miles east-south-east of Stran-
raer, Wigtonshire.

DUNREGGAN, suburb of Minniehive,
Dumfriesshire.

DUNROBIN, seat of the Duke of Suther-
land, 2 miles north-east of Golspie, Suther-
land. It stands on a ramparted sea
terrace, 300 feet long ; includes a plain
castellated structure of 1275 ; is mainly a
great rectangular pile of 1847, in mixedly
French, German, and old Scottish styles ;
contains sumptuous apartments specially
prepared for occupancy by the Queen ; and
has very beautiful grounds, containing two
Scandinavian dunes.

DUNROD, old barony in Innerkip parish,
Renfrewshire. It belonged to Sir James
Lindsay, the companion of Sir Robert
Bruce ; and it is traversed by a burn of its
own name, spanned by a very ancient
bridge, supposed to be Roman.

DUNROSSNESS, parish in south of
Shetland. It comprehends the old par-
ishes of Dunrossness, Sandwick, and
Coningsbnrgh ; comprises tbe southern
extremity of Mainland, to the length of
about 18 miles ; includes the Islands of
Mousa, Cross, Colsay, St. Ninian, and
Fair Isle ; and has a post office of its own
name, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Lerwick. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £3728. Pop., quoad
civilia, 4226 ; quoad sacra, 1818. The
surface is mostly bleak and heathy, but
comprises a considerable aggregate of land
fairly productive of coarse barley and oats.
The parochial church contains 858 sittings.
Established churches are at Sandwick and
Fair Isle ; Free churches at Dunrossness
and Coningsburgh ; a Congregational
church at Sandwick ; and Baptist and
Wesleyan churches at Dunrossness. 8
schools for 602 scholars are in the parish,
and 7 of them for 567 are new.

DUNROSTAN, rivulet in North Knap-
dale parish, Argyleshire.

DUNSAPPIE, lake on east shoulder of
Arthur's Seat, adjacent to Edinburgh.

DUNSCORE, parish on west border of
Nithsdale, Dumfriesshire. It has a post
office of its own name under Dumfries,
and contains the village of Cottack. Its
length is 11 miles ; its greatest breadth 3k
miles ; its area 14,815 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £13,675. Pop. 1405.
The surface includes fertile alluvial lands
adjacent to the Nith ; extends westward

thence, across Gleneslin rivulet, to the
upmost reach of the Urr ; and consists
chiefly of three vales or glens with enclosing
hills. Ellisland farmhouse, once occupied
by the poet Burns, Lag Tower, the ruined
seat of the Griersons, and Friar's Carse,
with vestiges of ancient monastery, are in
the east ; and Bogrie and Sundaywell
Towers, famous in the history of the Cove-
nanters, are in the west. The churches are
Established, Free, and United Presbyterian.
There are 3 schools for 302 scholars, and 1
of them and enlargements for 167 are new.

DUNSCRIBEN, vitrified fort on hill over-
looking Loch Ness, in Urquhart parish,
Inverness-shire.

DUNSCUDDEBURGH, Scandinavian fort
in Kilmuir parish, Isle of Skye.

DUNSE, town and parish in Berwick-
shire. The town stands on a plain ad-
jacent to Dunse Law, 1\ miles north-north-
east of Greenlaw ; took its name from an
ancient town on the top of Dunse Law,
figuring much in the Border wars, and
destroyed in 16th century; was founded
about 1588 as a successor to that town, and
partly engirt for a long time by a deep
morass ; ranks now as the political capital
of Berwickshire conjointly with Greenlaw ;
is a great centre of marketing business, and
publishes a weekly newspaper ; comprises
a fine market square and spacious streets ;
and has a head post office with all depart-
ments, a railway station, 3 banking offices,
2 hotels, County Buildings, a steepled
Gothic town hall, a parochial church de-
stroyed by fire in 1879, and restored at a
cost of nearly £1000 in 1880-81, a Free
church, 3 United Presbyterian churches,
an Episcopalian church, a public school for
500 scholars, erected in 1880- 81 at a cost of
£5760, and a public library opened in 1875.
Pop. 2437. — The parish is 1\ miles long
and 3^ miles broad, and comprises ll,39ti
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £27,099.
Pop. 3353. The north-western section is
part of the Lammermoors, and attains an
extreme altitude of 1065 feet ; and the
south-eastern section is part of the Merse,
and mostly fertile and highly cultivated.
Dunse Law measures about 2\ miles round
the base, rises to an altitude of 630 feet,
has a tabular summit of about 30 acres,
and was twice entrenched and occupied by
the Covenanters' army under General
Leslie. The seats are Dunse Castle,
Manderston, Wedderburn, Wellfield,
Cumledge, Cairnbank, and Berrywell ;
and the chief antiquities are vestiges of the
Covenanters' camp and the site of Edins-
hall. There were, prior to the formation of
the school board, 9 schools for 600 scholars.

DUNSE, hill in Roxburgh parish, Rox-
burghshire.

DUNSHELT, village about a mile south-
east of Auchtermuchty, Fife. It has a post
office under Auchtermuchty. Pop. 414.

DUNSINNAN, hill and seat, 8 miles
north-east of Perth. The hill is conical,
flat-topped, and 1012 feet high ; commands

DUN

150

DUR

a very fine view ; and was formerly crowned
with a strong castle, said to have been
built by Macbeth.

DUNSKAITH, ruined large ancient
castle on Loch Eishart, in Sleat parish,
Isle of Skye.

DUNSKEATH, quondam castle, built by
William the Lion, on north side near
mouth of Cromarty Firth, Ross-shire.

DUNSKEIG, hill, with two ancient forts,
one of them vitrified, at south side of
mouth of West Loch Tarbert, Argyleshire.

DUNSKELLAR, place in North Uist,
Outer Hebrides. It has a public school
with about 96 scholars.

DUNS KELLY, grotto in Kirkpatrick-
Fleming parish, Dumfriesshire.

DUNSKERRY, islet in Pentland Firth,
4 miles north of Farout-head, Sutherland.

DUNSKEY, seat and ruined baronial
fortalice near Portpatrick, Wigtonshire.

DUNSTAFFNAGE, ruined famous ancient
castle, 3| miles north of Oban, Argyleshire.
It stands on a tabular rock at south side of
mouth of Loch Etive ; appears to have
been erected in latter part of 12th century ;
occupies the site of a chief seat of the
Dalriadan kings ; belonged to successively
the Macdougals and the Campbells ; was
maintained as a fortress till the rebellion
of 1745 ; is a quadrangular pile, measuring
87 feet interiorly on each side ; rises to a
height of 66 feet, with round towers at the
corners ; and is noticed in Sir Walter
Scott's Lord of the Isles. A cemetery with
ruined ancient chapel is in its vicinity,
and may have been the burying place of
some of the Dalriadan kings. A celebrated
slab, said to have been a coronation-seat at
Dunstaffnage, was afterwards used as
such at Scone, and taken thence by Ed-
ward I. to England, and is now in the
throne on which the British sovereigns
are crowned.

DUNSYRE, village and parish in upper
ward of Lanarkshire. The village stands
6J miles east of Carnwath, and has a post
office under Dolphinton, a railway station,
a parochial church, and a public school.
The parish is 6 miles long and 5 miles
broad, and comprises 10,743 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £5974. Pop. 254.
Most of the surface lies higher than 700
feet above sea-level, and a steep hill on it
rises to the height of 1813 feet. Only
about 3000 acres are arable, and a large
extent is wild moor. The parish was
traversed by a Roman road, retains
traces of it, and was a retreat of the
Covenanters.

DUNTARVIE, estate in Abercorn parish,
Linlithgowshire.

DUNTAULICH, seat at foot of Loch
Tummel, Perthshire.

DUNTAYNISH, hill in North Knapdale
parish, Argyleshire.

DUNTIBLAE, place, with factories, near
Kirkintilloch, Dumbartonshire. It was the
residence and death-place of AValter Wat-
son, author of well-known Scottish lyrics.

DUNTOCHER, town, on rivulet amid
opening of Kilpatrick Hills, 9 miles north-
west of Glasgow. It is modern, but con-
tains an ancient bridge, believed to be
Roman, and adjoins a hill on which
Roman relics, preserved in Glasgow Uni-
versity museum, were found; and it has
a post office under Glasgow, 4 factories,
Established, Free, United Presbyterian,
and Roman Catholic churches, and a
public school. Pop. 1572.

DUNTREATH, ancient strong castellated
mansion, once the seat of the Earls of
Lennox, now a seat of Admiral Sir William
Edmonstone, Bart., on Blane river, in
Strathblane parish, Stirlingshire.

DUNTROON, modernized strong ancient
castellated mansion, 1^ mile north-west of
Port Crinan, Argyleshire.

DUNTRUNE, estate in Dundee parish,
Forfarshire.

DUNTULM, bay, fragment of old castle,
and post office under Portree, in Kilmuir
parish, Isle of Skye. The bay is but partly
sheltered, yet affords anchorage and some
harbourage. The castle stood on a lofty
mural rock, washed by the sea ; sprang
from a Scandinavian fort into a condition
of great strength and grandeur; and was
the residence of the Macdonalds, descend-
ants of the Lords of the Isles.

DUNURE, fishing village and ruined old
castle on small bay 5£ miles north-west of
Maybole, Ayrshire. The castle was the
original seat of the noble family of Ken-
nedy, dated from very early times, had
great strength, and figured much in pro-
vincial history.

DUNVEGAN, sea-loch, hamlet, and cas-
tellated mansion in north-west of Skye.
The loch separates Vaternish peninsula
from Duirinish -proper, is about 10 miles
long, and diminishes from a width of about
7 miles to almost a point. The hamlet lies
near the loch's head, and has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, under Portree, an inn, and a public
school with about 84 scholars. The mansion
stands on a peninsulated rock in vicinity
of the hamlet ; is an imposing structure,
variously very ancient, mediaeval, and
modern ; was visited by Dr. Johnson and
Sir Walter Scott ; figures in their accounts
of demonology, and in Smith's Summer in
Skye ; and contains Rory More's drinking-
cup, mentioned in one of Burns' songs.

DUNWAN. See Dunewan.

DUPPLIN CASTLE, seat of the Earl of
Kinnoul, near the Earn, 5 miles south-
west of Perth. It was rebuilt in 1832, at
a cost of more than £30,000; is in the Tudor
style ; has fine grounds, with about 370
acres of stately wood ; and was visited in
1842 by Queen Victoria. Dupplin parish,
around the castle, was the scene of a battle in
13;->2 between Edward Baliol and the Earl of
Mar, and was annexed in 1618 to Aberdalgie.

DURADEN, ravine and village, 2| miles
east- south-east of Cupar, Fife. The ravine
is winding and picturesque, intersects the

DUR

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DUT

hill-range flanking south side of Strath-
eden, and is traversed by a rivulet running
about 7 miles north-north-eastward to the
Eden. The village stands in the ravine,
is a seat of some manufacture, and has a
post office under Cupar. Pop. 328.

DURAN, hill, 5 miles south-east of
Thurso, Caithness.

DURHAMTOWN, village in Bathgate
parish, Linlithgowshire. Pop. 166.

DURIE, seat near Leven, Fife.

DURIN, place, with good inn, on north
coast of Durness parish, Sutherland.

DURINISH. See Duirinish.

DURISDEER. See Durrisdeer.

DURN, burn, running to the sea at
Portsoy, and hill, with quartz quarry
and remains of ancient camp, in Fordyce
parish, Banffshire.

DURNESS, parish in north-western ex-
tremity of Sutherland. It has a post
office of its own name, with money order
department, under Lairg ; and it com-
prises the north-western extremity of the
Scottish mainland to the extent of 18 by
15 miles, and includes several islets. Keal
property in 1880-81, £6470. Pop. 987.
The coast extends westward from Whiten-
head to Cape Wrath, and southward from
Cape "Wrath to Sandwood Bay ; measures,
exclusive of sinuosities, about 22 miles ;
includes, in the north, Farouthead, Loch
Eriboll mouth, and Durness Bay ; and,
over most of its extent, both on the north
and on the west, is bold, lofty, cliffy, and
cavernous. Loch Eriboll and the Kyle of
Durness strike far southward from the
north coast, and, with streams entering
their head, cut the interior into three
sections with distinctive names ; and Loch
Hope, a long fresh-water lake, extending
to within 1^ mile of the sea, cuts the
most easterly section into two. Benhope
and the Moin are on the eastern boundary ;
and mountain ranges, upland masses, and
deep moss tracts occupy so much ground
throughout the interior as to leave but a
very small aggregate of arable land. The
prevailing aspect is wildly highland. A
strikingly interesting object is Smoo Cave;
a principal residence is Balnakiel; and chief
antiquities are numerous standing-stones,
cairns, and Scandinavian dunes. The
churches are Established and Free. The
chief public school has accommodation for
121 scholars, and there are minor appliances
of education for the sequestered districts.

DUROR, rivulet, hamlet, and quoad sacra
parish in north of Appin district, Argyle-
shire. The rivulet runs about 7 miles
westward to Loch Linnhe at 5 miles south-
south-west of Ballachulish. The hamlet
lies on the rivulet near its mouth, and has
a post office designated of Argyleshire, an
inn, a church with 323 sittings, and a
public school with about 63 scholars. Pop.
of the quoad sacra parish, 489.

DURRAN, quondam lake, now rich
meadow, in Olrig parish, Caithness.

DURRIS, parish, with church, on the

Dee, 4^ miles east of Banchory, Kincar-
dineshire. It has a post office of its own
name under Aberdeen. Its length is 7f
miles ; its greatest breadth 5 miles ; its
area 15,294 acres. Real property in 1880-
81, £9949. Pop. 1014. The surface in-
cludes level meadow land adjacent to the
Dee, hillocky acclivities in the central
parts, and skirts of the Grampians upwards
of 1000 feet high in the south. Durris
House, a modern mansion connected by
long colonnade with an ancient one, is
the chief residence. The churches are
Established and Free ; and the public
schools are 2 new ones, with accommoda-
tion for 230 scholars.

DURRISDEER, village and parish in
Nithsdale, Dumfriesshire. The village
stands 5J miles north of Thornhill, and
has a post office under Thornhill, a
parochial church with fantastic mauso-
leum of the Douglas dukes of Queens-
berry, and a public school with about 90
scholars. —The parish contains also the
Duke of Buccleuch's seat of Drumlanrig
Castle, and part of the village of Carron-
Bridge. Its length is 8J miles ; its greatest
breadth 4^ miles ; its area 19,717 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £9540. Pop.
1107. The surface includes rich diversified
lands on both sides of the Nith, and
ascends to the Wallpath and to the
watershed of some of the loftiest of
the Lowther Mountains. About one-half
of all the land is either pastoral or waste.
The parish has vestiges of a Roman camp,
and was the scene of Johnnie o' Breadislee's
'woeful hunting.' There are 3 public
schools for 248 scholars, and they include
recent enlargements for 80.

DURY, burn and braes in Fowlis- Wester
parish, Perthshire.

DUSK. See Dhuisk.

DUSKER, islet, 2| miles west of Tyree,
Argyleshire.

DUTHIL, parish, comprehending Duthil-
proper and Rothiemurchus, on north-east
border of Inverness-shire. Duthil-proper
lies on left side of the Spey, is traversed
by the Dulnain, contains the head post
office of Aviemore, and the post office
hamlet of Carrbridge, and measures 16
miles by 13. Rothiemurchus lies on right
side of the Spey, and measures 10 miles
by 7. Real property of the whole in
1880-81, £10,137. Pop., quoad civilia,
1664 ; quoad sacra, 1371. The surface of
Duthil-proper includes alluvial belts on the
Spey and the Dulnain, rises to Craigellachie,
and ascends to the watershed of theMonadh-
leagh mountains. Much of the scenery is
highly picturesque. Two objects of inte-
rest are the modern mausoleum of the
noble family of Seafield, and the ruin of
the Grants' old tower of Muckerath. The
churches are an Established and a Free in
Duthil-proper, and an Established in
Rothiemurchus. Eight schools for 471
scholars are in the united parish, and 4 of
them and an enlargement for 200 are new.

DWA

152

EAG

DWARFIE-STONE, sandstone block, 28
feet long and 14 feet broad, 2 miles south-
east of top of "Ward Hill, on Hoy Island,
Orkney. It has been artificially hollowed,
is popularly associated with ancient Scan-
dinavian thaumaturgy, and may have been
used in ancient heathen rites.

DYCE, village and parish in Aberdeen-
shire. The village stands near junction
of Great North of Scotland Railway with
the Formartine and Buchan line, 7 miles
north-west of Aberdeen, is conjoint with
Gordon Place village, and has a post office,
with money order department, under
Aberdeen, a railway station, Established
and Free churches, and a public school
with about 127 scholars. Pop. 561. — The
parish is about 6 miles long and 3 miles
broad, and comprises 5237 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £5717. Pop. 1162.
The river Don traces all the northern and
eastern boundary. The land adjacent to the
river is low rich haugh, and that backward
thence rises into a low heathy hill about 3
miles long. Granite is almost the only
rock, and has been extensively quarried.
The antiquities are an ancient Caledonian
stone circle and several cairns.

DYE, rivulet, running about 9 miles
east-south-eastward, among the Lammer-
moors to the Whitadder, at 6 miles west-
north-west of Dunse, Berwickshire.

DYE, or WEST WATER, small river,
running about 20 miles east-south-eastward
to the North Esk, at 4 miles north-north-
east of Brechin, Forfarshire.

DYKE, village in Elginshire, and parish
partly also in Nairnshire. The village
stands 3^ miles west-by-south of Forres, is
embosomed among trees, and has the
parochial church, a Free church, and a
public school with about 87 scholars. The
parish contains also the villages of Kintes-
sack, Whitemire, and Broom of Moy ; and
its post town is Forres. It lies along
Moray Firth and Findhorn river, and
measures about 5^ miles on the coast, and
7 miles southward. Acres, in Elginshire,
13,550 ; in Nairnshire, 29. Real property
in 1880-81, £9014 and £45. Pop. 1236.
The northern section is mostly filled with
the Culbin sands ; and the southern section
is variously sloping and undulating, and
looks like fertile embellished champaign.
Darnaway Castle, with its pleasure grounds
and forest,is a prominent feature; and other
seats are Brodie, Dalvey, Moy, and Kincorth.
Hardmoor Heath, adjacent to the Culbin
sands, is Shakespeare's scene of Macbeth and
Banquo's meeting with the weird sisters.

DYKEHEAD, town near Shotts railway
station, Shotts parish, Lanarkshire. Pop.
1105.

DYKEHEAD, village in Hamilton parish,
Lanarkshire. Pop. 264.

DYKEHEAD, place near Kilmaurs, Ayr-
shire. It has a post office under Kilmar-
nock.

DYKEHEAD, village near Kirriemuir,
Forfarshire.

DYKEHEAD, village near Bargeddie, in
Old Monkland parish, Lanarkshire.

DYKEHEAD, village in Slamannan par-
ish, Stirlingshire. It has a public school
with about 62 scholars.

DYKEHEAD, hamlet in Port-of-Menteith
parish, Perthshire. It has a public school
with about 51 scholars.

DYKENOOK, place, with public school,
in Fetteresso parish, Kincardineshire.

DYROCK, affluent of the Girvan, at Kirk-
michael village, Ayrshire.

DYSART, town and parish on south
coast of Fife. The town stands 2 miles
north-north-east of Kirkcaldy ; dates from
at least the latter part of 9th century ;
was long a place of extensive saltworks and
of a brisk commerce, conducted by what an
old song calls the ' canty carles o' Dysart ; '
adjoins coal mines, which have often been
on fire, and are exaggeratingly described in
George Buchanan's Franciscanus ; figures
also in Tennant's Answer Fair ; has in its
harbour a high rock, said to have been
fortified by Oliver Cromwell ; presents now
a decayed and stagnant appearance ; ranks
as a royal and parliamentary burgh, but
includes, in the latter character, large
suburbs bearing other names ; unites with
Kirkcaldy, Kinghorn, and Burntisland in
sending a member to Parliament ; and has
a post office, with all departments, desig-
nated of Fifeshire, a railway station, a bank-
ing office, a plain steepled town hall, Es-
tablished, Free, and United Presbyterian
churches, and 2 public schools with about
748 scholars. Pop. of the parliamentary
burgb.,10,877. — The parish contains also the
suburban towns of Gallatown,Pathhead,and
Sinclairtown, and the village of Boreland.
Its length is 4 miles ; its greatest breadth 3
miles ; its area 4197 acres. Real property,
inclusive of the burgh, in 1880-81, £41,393.
Pop., quoad civilia, 11,601 ; quoad sacra,
7657. The coast measures about 2J miles ;
is bold and rocky ; and includes the Red
Rocks, associated with old traditions of
witch-burning, and presenting a romantic
appearance. The interior rises gradually for
about a mile, and is crossed in the northern
part by Ore river. A chief residence is
Dysart House, the seat of the Earl of
Rosslyn ; and chief antiquities are ruins of
Ravenscraig Castle, and a large stone,
said to commemorate a battle in 9th
century between the Scots and the Danes.
An Established church is at Pathhead, and
Free churches are at Pathhead and Galla-
town. 8 schools for 1705 scholars are in the
parish, and 1 of them and an enlargement for
400 are new. The town or parish gives the
title of earl to the family of Tollemache.

DYSART, section of Marytown, Forfar-
shire.

EACHAIG, small river, traversing glen
of its own name, from Loch Eck to Holy
Loch, in Cowal, Argyleshire.

EAGERNESS, headland, with site of old

EAG

153

EAR

castle, on north-east side of Garlieston
Bay, Wigtonshire.

EAGLE. See Edzell.

EAGLESCARNIE, seat in Bolton parish,
Haddingtonshire.

EAGLESFIELD, village in Middlebie
parish, Dumfriesshire. It has a post
office, with money order department,
under Ecclefechan. Pop. 534.

EAGLESHAM, town and parish in south-
east of Benfrewshire. The town stands
9 miles south of Glasgow ; possessed some
importance in the time of Charles n. ; was
entirely rebuilt, on a neat regular plan,
subsequent to 1796 ; and lias a post office
under Glasgow, a banking office, a cotton
factory, Established, Free, United Presby-
terian, and Boman Catholic churches, and
a public school with about 106 scholars.
Pop. 888. — The parish is about 7 miles
long and 6 miles broad, and comprises
15,666 acres. Beal property in 1880-81,
£14,675. Pop. 1385. The surface lies at
elevations of more than 500 feet above sea-
level, has hills of from 1000 to 1200 feet of
altitude, and includes a considerable aggre-
gate of moor. Polnoon Lodge is a chief
residence ; and Polnoon Castle, the seat
of the ancestors of the Earl of Eglinton,
but now reduced to mere sub-basement,
is a chief antiquity.

EAGLESHAY, or EGILSHAY, island in
Bousay parish, Orkney. It lies about 10
miles north of Kirkwall ; measures 3f
miles in length and about 1 mile in
breadth ; presents a pleasant lowland
appearance ; was the scene of the murder
of St. Magnus ; contains a small ancient
Gothic church, said to be on the spot
where he was murdered ; and has a public
school. Pop. 165.

EAGLESHAY, or EGILSHAY, pastoral
island in east of St. Magnus Bay, Shet-
land.

EANAIG, affluent of the Oikell, on north
border of Boss-shire.

EA.RLCAIRNEY, large cairn on high sea-
bank in Dalmeny parish, Linlithgow-
shire.

EARL'S BURN, stream, running south-
south-eastward to the Carron, in west of
St. Ninian's parish, Stirlingshire.

EARL'S CROSS, ancient monument, com-
memorative of victory over Norsemen in
13th century, near Dornoch, Sutherland.

EARLSFERRY, decayed old royal burgh,
5 miles east-south-east of Largo, Fife. It
has an ancient town-hall and a public
school, the latter with about 88 scholars.
Pop. 286.

EARLSHALL, estate, with interesting
ancient mansion, in Leuchars parish,
Fife.

EARL'S HILL, lofty hill adjacent to
Earl's burn, in St. Ninian's parish,
Stirlingshire.

EARL'S HILL, eminence, anciently seat
of earldom of Buchan courts, in Ellon,
Aberdeenshire.

EARL'S SEAT, central summit of Lennox

Hills, 1894 feet high, 5 miles north-west of
Lennoxtown, Stirlingshire.

EARLSTON, town and parish on south-
west border of Berwickshire. The town
stands on Leader river, 6 miles south-
south-east of Lauder ; was an occasional
residence of King David I., and then bore
the name of Ercildoun ; passed to the
Earls of Dunbar, and then took the name
of Earlston ; possesses a fragment of the
abode and death-place of Thomas the
Bhymer ; consists chiefly of one long street
at right angles with the Leader ; and has a
post office, with money order and telegraph
departments, designated of Berwickshire,
a railway station, a banking office, two
good inns, a town hall founded in 1872, an
Established church, a United Presbyterian
church of 1881, another U.P. church, and
a large new public school ; and carries on
manufacture of woollens and famous
ginghams. Pop. 1010. — The parish con-
tains also the hamlets of Bedpath and
Fans. Its length is 7£ miles ; its greatest
breadth 4 miles ; its ai*ea 9968 acres. Beal
property in 1880-81, £14,432. Pop. 1767.
The surface is partly hilly and partly
comparatively flat. The chief hill rises to
a height of 1031 feet, and has traces of a
Boman camp. The principal residences
are Carolside, Cowdenknowes, Park, Kirk-
lands, and Mellerstain, the last a seat of
the Earl of Haddington.

EARLSTON, seat of Sir William Gordon,
Bart., on west side of Kirkcudbright Bay,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

EARLSTON, ruined old castle, rivulet,
and cascade on the Ken, in Dairy parish,
Kirkcudbrightshire.

EARLY VALE, place at mouth of burn,
with fine waterfall, and adjacent to narrow
rocky gorge, on upper part of Eddlestone
river, Peeblesshire.

EARN, lake and river, giving name to
Strathearn district, Perthshire. The lake
lies in head of the strath ; extends 7 miles
eastward, with width of from 1 to 1£ mile ;
has a surface elevation of 303 feet above
sea-level, and in some parts a depth of
about 600 feet ; has wooded shores of
various contour, and average breadth of
about \ mile ; is overhung by mountain
summits from 1889 to 2225 feet high,
mostly within If mile of its margin, and
by still higher ones within 4£ miles ; and
exhibits scenery of much beauty and
grandeur, but without corresponding diver-
sity or force. The river runs from the
lake eastward to the Tay at 6 miles south-
east of Perth ; has a length of only 27
miles measured in straight line, but is so
sinuous as to have a length of probably
about 70 miles measured along its bed ;
and is famous for the brilliance and variety
of its scenery down to Crieff, and for
exquisite beauty thence to the Tay.

EARN, rivulet, running about 7 miles
north-eastward to the White Cart, at 2
miles north of Eaglesham, Benfrew-
shire.

EAR

154

EAS

EARN (BRIDGE OF). See Bridge of
Earn.

EARNOCK, seat in Hamilton parish,
Lanarkshire.

EARNSIDE, ancient forest, now extinct,
on south side of head of Firth of Tay,
about 4 miles downward from mouth of
river Earn, Perthshire and Fife.

EASDALE, island and village, 12 miles
south-west-by-south of Oban, Argyleshire.
The island lies so near Seil as to be sepa-
rated by only a good natural harbour ; has
an area of only about 1 square mile, and
lies so low as to require protection from
the billows by embankings of debris, but
is all a quarry of prime roofing-slates ;
produces about five millions of them a
year; and has, at one part, been worked
down to 120 feet below sea-level. — The
village, in one sense, stands all on the
island,— in another sense, includes a vil-
lage on Seil ; conducts much business in
export of slates, and by regular calls of
the steamers between the Clyde and the
north ; and has a post office, with money
order and telegraph departments, under
Oban, and a public school with about 80
scholars. Pop. of the part on Easdale
Island, 452.

EASNAMBROC, fall of about 30 feet on
River Glass, about a mile above Fasnacoil,
Inverness-shire.

EASSIE, parish on west border of For-
farshire. It has a railway station of its
own name, 8 miles west-south-west of
Forfar ; and its post town is Glammis, 1^
mile east of its eastern border. Its length
is 4| miles ; its greatest breadth 2| miles ;
its area 5053 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £8923. Pop. 561. The western
section is part of Strathmore ; and the
eastern one is part of the slopes of the
Sidlaw Hills. Eassie burn comes in from
Auchterhouse, and runs altogether 6
miles windingly to the Dean ; and that
river goes sluggishly along the northern
boundary. The church is a handsome
modern edifice ; and the public school
includes a new class-room, and has accom-
modation for 126 scholars.

EAST ABERDEEN, quoad sacra parish
in Aberdeen. Pop. 4207.

EAST BALRYMONTH, hill in St. An-
drews parish, Fife.

EASTBANK, seat in Erskine parish,
Renfrewshire.

EAST BARNS. See Barns (East).

EAST CALDER. See Calder (East).

EAST COALTOWN, village in Wemyss
parish, Fife.

EASTEND, seat in Carmichael parish,
Lanarkshire.

EASTER ANSTRUTHER. See An-

STRUTHER.

EASTER BRAKY, estate in Kinnell
parish, Forfarshire.

EASTER BUCKIE. See Buckie.

EASTER CLUNE, place, with ruined
ancient fortalice and site of ancient
chapel, in Birse parish, Aberdeenshire.

EASTER DOWN, one of the Ochil Hills,
green to the summit, in Fossaway parish,
Perthshire.

EASTER ELCHIES, seat, once occupied
by the distinguished judge Lord Elchies,
in Knockando parish, Elginshire.

EASTERFIELD, place in Inverkeithny
parish, Banffshire. It has a public school
with about 60 scholars.

EASTER GALLATON. See Gallaton.

EASTER HALL, seat on the Clyde, in
eastern outskirts of Glasgow.

EASTER HOUSE, place, with railway
station, 4 miles south-east of Glasgow.

EASTER HOUSE, quondam seat of the
Duke of Argyle's ancestors, in Roseneath
parish, Dumbartonshire.

EASTER LENZIE, parish, constituted in
1649, and now called Cumbernauld, in
D umbartonshire.

EASTER OGLE, seat in Tannadice
parish, Forfarshire.

EASTER ROSS. See Ross.

EASTER ROSSLAND, hamlet in Erskine
parish, Renfrewshire.

EASTER SKENE, seat in Skene parish,
Aberdeenshire.

EASTERTOWN, hill in Fyvie parish,
Aberdeenshire.

EASTERTYRE, seat on the Tay, between
Logierait and "Weein, Perthshire.

EASTFIELD, village near Rutherglen,
Lanarkshire. An Established iron church
was erected at it in 1879. Pop. 780.

EAST FORTUNE, railway station, 3
miles east of Drem, Haddingtonshire.

EAST GRANGE, railway station, 6 miles
west of Dunfermline.

EAST HAVEN, fishing-village, with rail-
way station, 5 miles south-west of Arbroath,
Forfarshire.

EAST HEAD, headland near Portsoy,
Banffshire.

EAST HELMSDALE, suburb of Helms-
dale, 17 miles north-east of Golspie,
Sutherland. It has a public school with
about 164 scholars. Pop. 53.

EASTHOUSES, village in Newbattle
parish, Edinburghshire. Pop. 415.

EAST KILBRIDE. See Kilbride
(East).

EAST KILPATRICK. See Kilpatrick
(New).

EAST LINTON. See Linton (East).
EAST LOTHIAN. See Haddington-
shire.

EASTMAINS, scene of alleged ancient
great battle in Dunnichen parish, Forfar-
shire.

EAST MONKLAND. See Monkland
(New).

EAST MORRISTON. See Marystown.

EASTMUIR, village in Shettleston
parish, Lanarkshire. It has a public
school with about 227 scholars.

EAST MUIRHOUSE, estate in Eaglesham
parish, Renfrewshire.

EAST NEUK O' FIFE, tract around Fife-
ness, at eastern extremity of Fife.

EAST NEWPORT, village, with railway

EAS

155

ECK

station between West Newport and Tay-
port, on north coast of Fife.

EAST OF FIFE RAILWAY, railway, con-
tinuous with the Leven line, eastward from
Leven to Anstruther, on south coast of
Fife.

EAST or NEW GREENOCK. See Green-
ock.

EAST PERTH. See Perth.
EAST PORT, eastern part of Kirkcaldy,
Fife.

EAST SALTON, village in Salton parish,
Haddingtonshire.

EASTSIDE, or STEINSCHOLL, section of
Kilmuir parish, Isle of Skye.

EASTSIDEWOOD, tract, with mineral
field, in Carnwath parish, Lanarkshire.

EAST STRATHAVEN. See Strath-

AVEN.

EAST THIRD, section of Smailholm
village, Roxburghshire.

EAST WATER, upper reach of North
Esk river, running about 22 miles east-
south-east and south-south-eastward to
confluence with West Water, at 4 miles
north - north - east of Brechin, Forfar-
shire.

EAST WEMYSS, coast village, contain-
ing Wemyss parochial church, and a post
office under Dysart, 3 miles south-west
of Leven, Fife. Pop. 855.

EASTWOOD, parish, containing Pollock-
shaws and Thornliebank towns and Shaw-
lands village, on border of Renfrewshire,
near south - west side of Glasgow. Its
length is nearly 4 miles ; its greatest
breadth 3f miles ; its area 5596 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £61,499. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 13,915 ; quoad sacra, 7368.
The surface lies at an elevation of from
about 30 to about 300 feet above sea level ;
is an assemblage of flats, vales, and many
swells and small hills, with intersections of
the White Cart and other streams ; and
presents, in the aggregate, a very beautiful
appearance. Sandstone, limestone, iron-
stone, and coal are worked. Pollock
House, a seat of Sir John M. Maxwell,
Bart., is a prominent mansion. Two Estab-
lished churches, 2 Free churches, a United
Presbyterian church, a United Original
Secession church, and a Roman Catholic
church are in Pollockshaws, an Established
church is in Shawlands, and a United
Presbyterian church is in Thornliebank.
Nine schools for 2191 scholars are in the
parish, and an enlargement for 448 is new.

EASTWOOD, seat near Dunkeld, Perth-
shire.

EAST YELL, hamlet on Yell Island,
Shetland. It has a post office under
Lerwick.

EATHACH, extensive tract, alternately
lake and meadow, on Gauir river, on north-
west border of Perthshire.

EBRIE, small affluent of the Ythan,
Aberdeenshire.

EBUDJE. See Hebrides.

ECCLEFECHAN, village, 6 miles south-
east-by-south of Lockerby, Dumfriesshire.

It stands on a large burn, bridged through-
out the village in 1876 ; was the birthplace
of Thomas Carlyle ; and has a head post
office with all departments, a railway
station, a banking office, an inn, a Free
church, a United Presbyterian church, and
a large public school. Pop. 768.

ECCLES, village and parish on south
border of Berwickshire. The village stands
5 miles west-by-north of Coldstream, and
has a post office under Coldstream, a
parochial church, a Free church, a pub-
lic school with about 112 scholars, and
remains of an ancient nunnery. The
parish contains also the villages of Leitholm
and Birgham. Its length and greatest
breadth are each about 5^ miles ; and its
area is 12,418 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £27,356. Pop. 1546. The sur-
face, with exception of some slight ridges,
is all level, and very fertile. The seats
are Eccles House, Anton's Hill, Kames,
Belch ester, Bughtrig, Mersington, Spring-
hill, Stoneridge, and Purves Hall ; and the
chief antiquity is a curious sculptured
sandstone monument. A United Presby-
terian church is at Leitholm, and 3 schools
with accommodation for 318 scholars are
in the parish.

ECCLESIAMAGIRDLE, section of Dron
parish, surrounded by Dunbarney, in
Perthshire.

ECCLESMACHAN, parish, with church
hamlet, 2i miles west - south - west of
Winchburgh, Linlithgowshire. Its post
town is Linlithgow. It is intersected to
the extent of about a mile by a wing of
Linlithgow parish ; and it measures 5
miles from end to end, If mile in extreme
breadth, and 2647 acres in area. Real
property in 1880-81, £3690. Pop. 278.
Each of the two sections consists of a
sloping hill-ridge. The public school has
about 85 scholars.

ECHOBANK, village, 2 miles south-
south-east of centre of Edinburgh. Pop.
372.

ECHT, parish, averagely 12 miles west of
Aberdeen. It has a post office of its own
name under Aberdeen. Its length and
breadth are each about 4^ miles, and its
area is 11,948 acres. Real property in
1880-81, £7486. Pop. 1297. The broad-
based lofty hill of Fare is partly on the
south-western border ; and the conical,
wooded, and pretty high hill of Barmekin
is in the north-west corner. The rest of
the surface also is hilly, but nowhere high,
and is arable even to the summits of many
of its hills. The chief residence is Dun-
echt ; and the chief antiquities are a
Danish camp, a large Pictish work, several
cairns, and remains of three ancient Cale-
donian stone circles. The churches are
Established and Free ; and the public
schools are 2, with about 124 scholars.

ECK, lake, terminating 4 miles north of
head of Holy Loch, in Cowal, Argyleshire.
It extends 7^ miles from north to south ;
has a nearly uniform width of about ^ mile;

ECK

156

EDE

and lies in a fine glen flanked by lofty-
heights.

ECKFORD, village and parish in north-
east of Teviotdale, Roxburghshire. The
village stands on the Teviot, 6 miles south-
by-west of Kelso ; suffered severely in the
Border warfare ; and contains the parochial
church with about 300 sittings, and a pub-
lic school with about 64 scholars. — The
parish contains also the small villages of
Eckfordmoss, Cessford, and Caverton ; and
its post town is Kelso. Its length is 6-£
miles ; its greatest breadth 4£ miles ; its
area 9997 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£14,298, Pop. 912. The surface is
mostly undulating, but rises gradually to-
wards the south, and includes there con-
siderable eminences with extensive views.
The seats are Kirkbank and Mainhouse ;
and the antiquities are Cessford Castle
and sites of several peel towers. There
are 2 schools with accommodation for 199
scholars.

ECKFORDMOSS, small village in Eck-
ford parish, Roxburghshire.

EDAY, island and parish near middle of
North Isles, Orkney. The island is 1\
miles long from north to south, and from
\ mile to 3 miles broad ; consists chiefly of
moderately high hills ; contains so much
turbary as to supply most of Northern
Orkney with peat fuel ; and has a post
office under Kirkwall, a small inn, 2 good
harbours, an Established church, a United
Presbyterian church, a Baptist chapel of
1882, and 2 public schools with jointly
about 126 scholars. Pop. 730. The parish
contains also the islets of Red Holm,
Pharay Holm, Calf of Eday, and two
others ; but is united to Stronsay.

EDDERACHYLLIS, parish, containing
the post office village of Scourie, on west
coast of Sutherland. Its length is 28
miles ; its greatest breadth, exclusive of
islands, Y[\ miles. Real property in 1880-
81, £5075. Pop., quoad ciyilia, 1525;
quoad sacra, 580. The islands are
numerous, but only Handa is of any note.
Kyle-Skou projects all its great length
on the southern boundary ; Lochs Laxford
and Inchard project so far into the interior
as to cut it into three sections ; and Loch
Badcall and some smaller sea-inlets form
good natural harbours. The interior is
the most rugged tract in Scotland ; exhibits
crags, ravines, precipitous hills, wild glens,
alpine peaks, winding lakes, and impetu-
ous streams in bewildering commixture ;
and, excepting a remarkably small aggre-
gate of arable land, is all deer forest,
sheep-walk, or irreclaimable waste. The
antiquities are remains of an ancient Cale-
donian stone circle, and two Scandinavian
forts. The churches are 2 Established and
2 Free. There are 3 schools for 194
scholars, and 1 of them and an enlarge-
ment for 82 are new.

EDDERTOUN, parish, with church 5£
miles west - by - north of Tain, on north
border of Ross. It has a post office desig-

nated of Ross-shire, and a railway station.
Its length is 10 miles ; its breadth 8.
Real property in 1880-81, £4662. Pop. 789.
The north border lies along Dornoch
Firth, and has mostly a sandy shore. The
interior consists of hill-ranges, with inter-
vening hollows ; and has summits from
about 600 to upwards of 1000 feet high,
commanding extensive views. Two sculp-
tured Scandinavian monuments stand near
the old church, and numerous dilapidated
Scandinavian dunes are on the hills. The
churches are Established and Free ; and
the schools are 2 with accommodation for
150 scholars.

EDDLESTONE, small river, village, and
parish in Peeblesshire. The river runs 12
miles southward to the Tweed at Peebles.
The village stands on the river, 4 miles
north of Peebles, dates from ancient times,
but was reconstructed in last century, and
has a post office designated of Peeblesshire,
a railway station, a handsome church of 1829,
and a public school with about 83 scholars.
The parish is 10 miles long and 5£ miles
broad, and comprises 18,490 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £10,320. Pop. 711.
The surface is chiefly a fine vale, flanked
by verdant or wooded hills, and bordered
by high uplands. The chief residences are
Darn Hall, Portmore, and Cringletie, — the
first a seat of Lord Elibank.

EDDRACHILLIS. See Edderachyllis.

EDEN, river, running about 24 miles
east-north-eastward to St. Andrews Bay,
in Fife. Most of its basin is rich low
valley ; and its terminal reach, about 2|
miles long, is estuary, mostly bare at low
water.

EDEN, small river, running about 17
miles, first southward, then eastward, to
the Tweed, at Z\ miles north-east of
Kelso, Roxburghshire.

EDEN, seat, and ruined ancient fortalice,
in King Edward parish, Aberdeenshire.

EDENDON, affluent of the Garry, near
Dalnacardoch, in Athole, Perthshire.

EDENHAM. See Ednam.

EDENKILLIE, parish, with church 8f
miles south of Forres, on west border of
Elginshire. It contains the post office of
Duniphail designated of Morayshire. Its
length is 13 miles ; its greatest breadth 7
miles. Real property in 1880-81, £5980.
Pop. 1175. The surface lies along right
bank of the Findhorn ; rises gradually from
plain on the north to Knock of Moray in the
extreme south ; is often, with reference to
its gradual ascent, called Brae-Moray ; and
contains a large aggregate of picturesque
scenery. The seats are Duniphail, Relugas,
Logie, and a shooting lodge of the Earl of
Moray ; and the chief antiquities are the
ruins of Duniphail and Lochindorb castles,
and vestiges of a very ancient fort. The
churches are Established and Free. There
are 4 schools for 425 scholars, and 1 of
them and an enlargement for 150 are
new.

EDENSHEAD, or GATESIDE, village,

EDE

157

EDI

with United Presbyterian church, in
Strathmiglo parish, Fife.

EDENSTON, village on south border of
Collessie parish, Fife.

EDENWOOD, seat in Ceres parish, Fife.

EDERDOUN. See Eddertoun.

EDERHAM. See Edeom.

EDERLEN, lake in Glassary parish, Ar-
gyleshire.

EDGEBUCKLIN, brae on east side of
Inveresk parish, Edinburghshire.

EDGERSTON, seat and quoad sacra
parish 7^ miles south-south-east of Jed-
burgh, Roxburghshire. The parish has
a church with 200 sittings, and a public
school with about 66 scholars. Pop. 358.

EDINAMPLE, ancient castellated man-
sion in mouth of Glenample, 1£ mile south-
east of Lochearnhead, Perthshire.

EDINBANE, village, with post office
under Portree, in Isle of Skye. Pop. 277.

EDINBELLY, estate, with remains of
old mansion, in Balfron parish, Stirling-
shire.

EDINBURGH, metropolis of Scotland.
Its centre at General Post Office, reckoned
as the ' crow flies,' is 2\ miles south-south-
east of Granton harbour, 33 south-west of
Fifeness, 68 north of head of Solway Firth,
115 north-east of Mull of Galloway, 129
south-east of Ardnamu^chan Point, 190
south of John o' Groat's House, and 337
north -north-west of London. Its initial
spot is the Castle Rock, about 5 furlongs
west-south-west of General Post Office.
That rock has an altitude of 445 feet
above sea-level, measures about 700 yards
in circumference, is an erupted rugged
mass of greenstone, and presents to the
north, the west, and the south a bare
face mostly precipitous and partly mural.
A wedge-shaped hill, wanting the upper
edges and averagely about -J- mile broad,
commences in the rock, extends about a
mile eastward, makes a gradual descent
from end to end, and is flanked on north
side by a vale, on south side by a ravine.
A belt of plain strikes eastward from the
hill's foot, and is grandly overhung on
south side by Salisbury Crag and Arthur's
Seat. A diversified plateau, with very
gentle southern slope, lies beyond the
ravine on south side of wedge-shaped
hill, has elevations of from 150 to ISO
feet above sea-level, and is overlooked in
the south-west by Blackford and Braid
Hills. A similar plateau, but more in
the form of a broad-based ridge, lies
beyond the vale, on north side of wedge-
shaped hill, extends westward to winding
ravine of Water of Leith, measures about
a mile in length and £ mile in breadth, and
terminates at its east end in a considerable
eminence. Calton Hill commences im-
mediately east of that eminence, is two-
thirds engirt by narrow ravine, measures
about 5 furlongs by 3, rises to a height of
344 feet above sea-level, and subsides on
the east into wide inclined plane extend-
ing to the Forth. The entire site of the

city and its immediate environs presents
such an assemblage of heights, hollows,
acclivities, and ravines, with manifold
diversity of feature, as must have made it
richly picturesque in its merely natural
condition, and as now gives striking effect
to the romantic, beautiful, and diversified
arrays of the city's architecture. Views
of the exterior, from thousands of points,
near and far, all round, are exquisitely
fine ; and views in the interior, especially
from the Castle and Calton Hill, and
even from innumerable points on the
streets, include very grand urban display,
and combine it with riant rural scenery
away to distant sea and mountain.

The ancient Caledonians could scarcely
fail to regard the Castle Rock as a strong
defensive position, and they are supposed
to have erected on it a series of rude forts.
Edwin, king of Saxon Northumbria, in
626, either seized the last of these or
otherwise took possession of the site, and
erected on it a strong castle. This he
called Edwinsburg ; and it gave origin or
name to the town, and for a long time
ruled its fortunes. The town continued
to be Saxon till about 1020, and then
passed to the king of Scotland. Malcolm
Canmore fortified it, David I. constituted
it a royal burgh, and both they and a
number of their successors made it their
occasional residence. Both town and
castle, especially the latter, suffered great
mutations during the wars of the Succes-
sion ; but they soon afterwards attained
such prosperity as to be the largest town
and the strongest fortress then in Scotland;
and, notwithstanding some reverses, they
continued, till the national union with
England, to be the seat of royal admini-
stration and the meeting-place of parlia-
ments. Chief events which disturbed it,
in the interval till the Union, were a
devastation by the English in 1385, the
recoil after the battle of Flodden, the
contention of parties during the minority
of James v., and the turmoil and civil
war in the time of Queen Mary ; and the
chief events afterwards were depression of
trade consequent on the Union, the tumult
called the Porteous Mob in 1736, the pre-
sence of the rebel army in 1745, the visit
of George iv. in 1822, and visits of Queen
Victoria in 1842 and subsequent years.

The nucleus of the town was a small
village, on ground now within the espla-
nade in front of east side of the present
castle, on a level, ascertained in 1850 to
be more than 20 feet below the present
surface. The village grew sufficiently to
be of some note about the middle of 9th
century ; and it possessed then, or earlier,
some defensive fortifications. The town
extended slowly thence, down the back
and sides of the wedge-shaped hill, about
3^ furlongs to Netherbow ; it afterwards,
from about middle of 12th century till
about middle of 16th, acquired the suburbs
of Canongate, Pleasance, Cowgate, Potter-

EDI

158

EDI

row, Bristo, and "Westport ; it was forti-
fied in 1450 by a wall round its main
body, and in 1513 by a second wall round
its southern suburbs ; it grew, within the
first wall, by ascent into the air, or by
substitution of loftier and still loftier
houses for less lofty ones, till it became
a proverb for tenements of from four or
five to ten or twelve storeys high ; and, in
the latter part of last century, it suddenly
broke beyond its old limits, and began
to undergo extensions and improvements
which have marvellously altered it in both
size and character. Opei-ations were done,
including erection of the North Bridge,
to create a new town on the northern
plateau ; measures were adopted to con-
struct genteel new quarters in the south ;
and great clearances were made to form a
main thoroughfare across the middle of
the wedge-shaped hill and over the southern
ravine, in line with the North Bridge.
The New Town progressed, from time to
time, till it became as large as all
the Old Town and suburbs ; the Calton
Hill began, in 1814, to be approached and
terraced by elegant new thoroughfares ;
the upper part of the southern ravine, in
1825 and following years, was crossed by
the new wide street of George IV. Bridge ;
the south limb of the Castle Rock, in the
same years, was terraced with a spacious
approach from the western low outskirts
to the site of the original Old Town ; and
eventually, after about 30 years of pause,
spirited plans were adopted, and soon
carried into execution, for great extensions
in the western and the southern outskirts,
and for cutting new airy thoroughfares
through the densest parts of the old
town.

The entire city now, exclusive of salient
suburbs, measures about 2 miles from east
to west, and about 2£ from north to south.
A main street, of different names and
different parts, occupies all the back of
the wedge-shaped hill, from the Castle
esplanade to foot of Canongate ; presents
picturesque blendings of old and new
architecture ; and is winged partly with
the new, airy, cross thoroughfares, but
mostly with densely-edificed narrow closes,
extending down the hill's slopes. Another
main street, commencing at North Bridge,
and bearing different names in different
parts, goes southward through all the Old
Town to the open country in the south-
east. A curious line of street, with the
squalid but once aristocratic Cowgate in
its middle, occupies all the southern ravine.
The most notable of the new ventilating
streets, Chambers Street, spacious and
imposing, but short, runs parallel to the
western half of Cowgate, and occasioned
the removal of much nuisance from the
old southern suburb. The section im-
mediately south of that is variously old
and modern, has undergone great improve-
ment, and is bordered on the south by the
Meadows, a fine public park f mile long.

The sections farther south, south-east,
and south-west are nearly all modern,
extend to great length and breadth, in-
clude the suburbs of Newington, Grange,
Morningside, Merchiston, and two others
progressing or contemplated in 1877,
and abound in beauties and ameni-
ties. The northern vale was formerly
occupied by a lake called North Loch ; was
crossed, near the middle, at the forming
of the New Town, by a slowly-accumulated,
broad, high, earthen mound, now serving
the purposes of a bridge ; and is now partly
occupied by the North British Railway
works, but mainly disposed in two large
ornate public gardens. The New Town,
though all compact, and covering the
whole of the northern plateau, consists, as
to date and form, of four sections. The
southern section was erected in 1767-1800,
extends westward from vicinity of North
Bridge, is a regular parallelogram of about
1300 by about 363 yards, and comprises
Princes Street and Queen Street along its
sides, George Street along its centre, two
large squares at its ends, and five streets at
right angles with Princes Street and Queen
Street. The northern section was erected
in 1803-22, is separated from the southern
section by a fine large range of gardens,
forms a parallelogram shorter and broader
than the other parallelogram, and has
curves in two of its streets and in the
squares at its ends. The eastern section
was erected partly at the same time as the
southern one, but chiefly in years till 1827,
extends to the eastern extremity of Calton
Hill, and has great diversity in both the
alignment and the structure of its
thoroughfares. The western section was
erected chiefly in three periods, from about
1822, 1850, and 1866, extends to the west
at the Water of Leith ravine, and com-
prises a rectangle of streets, a spacious
twelve-sided place, four double crescents,
and a number of terraces, single crescents,
and connecting streets. Stockbridge and
Dean suburbs, on opposite side of Water
of Leith, have much variety of at once
date, site, and form, but include portions
of similar character to that of the western
section.

The building material of most of the
city is a hard, silicious, fine-grained sand-
stone ; serves nearly as well as marble for
carving and sculpture ; retains for a long
time its freshness of aspect, and has, in
consequence, given powerful effect to both
beauty and durability of construction. The
architecture of the older parts of the Old
Town exhibits many styles, often in curious
juxtaposition ; includes many specimens
of the Scottish varieties prevalent in the
16th, 17th, and 18th centuries ; and has
numerous groups which, either in them-
selves, or by contiguity with others, or by
position on precipice or vantage-ground,
are strikingly romantic or picturesque.
The architecture of the new parts and
the new suburbs of the Old Town, and of

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the entire New Town, comprises much —
perhaps far too much — in the simple Italian
style, yet includes a great aggregate of all
the varieties of the Renaissance, — includes
also many specimens of all kinds of Gothic
and a few of Saxon and Norman; and it is
plainest in the parts erected before the
close of last century, and became progres-
sively richer in both variety and elegance
in the progress of the city's extension.

Holyrood challenges prime attention, but
will be separately noticed.— The Castle,
except for about 100 yards on the east,
crowns the verge of the entire circuit of
its lofty precipitous rock ; presents to the
space on the east a palisaded barrier,
with deep dry fosse ; comprises buildings
of widely different periods and remarkably
different structure ; possesses a great fund
of historical and antiquarian associations ;
lost much or nearly all its military value
in result of the inventions of modern
artillery ; and continues to be useful
chiefly for the purpose of a large garrison ;
but, together with the cliffs, fissures, and
saliences of the rock which it surmounts,
is such a picturesque acropolis as very few
places in the world can boast. The access
to it goes through the barrier, across a
drawbridge, through a gateway flanked by
batteries, up a causeway between rock
and wall, and through a long vaulted
archway with traces of ancient portcullises
and gates. The further ascent passes a
northward battery, a spacious armoury, a
high bastion, the governor's house, and a
westward lofty factory-like suite of bar-
racks, and turns upward to the left,
through a gateway, into the citadel. This
contains the King's Bastion, with Mons
Meg and a most magnificent view-point on
the north-west ; St. Margaret's chapel,
the oldest extant building in Edinburgh,
on the north-east ; and the Half-Moon
battery, with 14 guns and electric time-
gun, on the east ; and is occupied by the
Palace Yard on the south. That yard is a
square of 100 feet each way, edificed on
all sides ; and includes a large embellished
barrack, the old parliament hall, the old
royal palace with James vi.'s birth-
chamber, and the Crown-room with the
ancient regalia of Scotland. The espla-
nade in front of the castle measures about
120 by 100, was formerly engirt by strong
military outworks, serves now as garrison
parade-ground and public promenade, con-
tains monuments of the Duke of York and
of soldiers who fell in the Indian Mutiny,
and commands extensive views of the city
and environs.

The Government offices and Court of
Session halls, in Parliament Square, have
a uniform facade of 1S08, with arcade
piazza, gallery, Doric portico, balustrade,
and surmounting sphinxes. Parliament
House, behind that facade, was erected in
1632-40, at a cost of £11,600; was the
meeting- place of the Scottish parliaments
from 1639 till 1707 : and retains its great

hall, measuring 122 feet by 49, and con-
taining statues of seven distinguished law
lords. The County Hall, near Parliament
Square, was erected in 1817 at a cost of
£15,000. The Sheriff Court Buildings, on
George IV. Bridge, were erected in 1865-68
at a cost of more than £44,000. The
Municipal Buildings, misnamed the Royal
Exchange, on north side of High Street,
were erected in 1753-61 at a cost of
£31,457 ; form a quadrangle with open
court 96 feet by 86 ; and have a rear front
100 feet high. The Police Office, opposite
the Municipal Buildings, was erected in
1849 and enlarged in 1875. The Register
House, at east end of Princes Street, was
founded in 1774 and completed in 1822 at
a cost of £80,000, and is a rectangular
structure of 200 feet by 120, with dome
over central circular saloon court. Two
supplemental buildings behind the Register
House serve for respectively registration
of births, deaths, and marriages, and con-
servation of important documents ; and
the former was erected in 1857-60 at a
cost of nearly £27,000 ; the latter, a cir-
cular structure 60 feet high, in 1871. The
General Post Office, opposite the Register
House, presents a front of 140 feet to
Princes Street, and a flank of 180 feet to
North Bridge, and was erected in 1861-66
at a cost of about £120,000. The Prisons,
eastward from the head of Waterloo Place,
occupy a shoulder of Calton Hill on crown
of a lofty cliff ; comprise three groups, the
western erected in 1815-17, the middle in
1791-96, the eastern in 1845-47 ; are all
in castellated style, with imposing appear-
ance ; and were designed in 1881 to be
extensively reconstructed.

The North Bridge, connecting High
Street with east end of Princes Street,
was erected in 1767-72 at a cost of about
£18,000 ; has open arches in a central
reach of 310 feet, but measures 1125 feet
in total length ; stands 68 feet high at the
open arches ; and was widened and other-
wise improved after 1873. Waverley
Bridge, spanning the vale at 270 yards
farther west, has connection with the
North British Railway terminus, was en-
tirely reconstructed in 1870-73, and com-
prises three spacious iron skew reaches of
310, 293, and 276 feet. The Mound, cross-
ing the vale at about 300 yards west of
"Waverley Bridge, was formed in years
from 1781 till 1830, by free deposits of
earth ; would have cost about £50,000 had
the deposits been paid for ; is fully 800
feet long, about 300 feet broad, and from
62 to 100 feet high ; and underwent im-
provement and ornamentation subsequent
to the erection on it of the Art Galleries.
Regent Bridge, forming part of Waterloo
Place, spans the ravine at west base of
Calton Hill ; has a single arch 50 feet
wide and about 50 feet high, with colon-
naded parapets ; and affords, from its
southern parapet, a curious view of much
of the Old Town. The South Bridge,

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crossing the southern ravine on line with
North Bridge, was erected in 1785-88 at
a cost of more than £50,000 for clearances
and about £15, 000 for con struction ; has only-
one open arch, but comprises 19 beneath
street architecture ; and overlooks, from
its parapet railings, the low squalid street-
line of Cowgate. George IV. Bridge,
crossing the same ravine about 3 furlongs
to the west, was erected in 1825-36 as
part of a city improvement, which cost
about £400,000 ; includes three groined open
arches over the Cowgate, seven concealed
arches, and a series of embankments ; and
forms a spacious street about 300 yards
long. Dean Bridge, crossing the Water of
Leith ravine at about 3 furlongs from west
end of Princes Street, was erected in 1832 ;
is 447 feet long, 39 wide, and 106 high;
has four arches, each 96 feet in span ; and
commands a rich view along the ravine
and away to Fife.

The Bank of Scotland, on northward
slope in line with George IV. Bridge, was
erected in 1806 at a cost of £75,000, and
enlarged and beautified in 1868-70 ; forms
a conspicuous feature in the romantic
north flank of the Old Town, as seen from
Princes Street ; and has a rear front, arch-
based, broad, and very lofty, with sur-
mounting dome crowned by an emblematic
statue. The Koyal Bank, on east side of
St. Andrew's Square, opposite the line of
George Street, was originally the town
mansion of Sir Lawrence Dundas, ancestor
of the Earl of Zetland ; and stands at the
head of an enclosed recess, containing an
equestrian monument of the martial Earl
of Hopetoun. The British Linen Com-
pany's Bank, immediately south of that
recess, was mainly built in 1851-52 at a
cost of £30,000 ; and has a front with six
fluted Corinthian columns, surmounted by
emblematic statues. The National Bank,
between the British Linen Company's and
West Register Street, is plain, and was
enlarged rearward in 1868. The Com-
mercial Bank, in the section of George
Street adjacent to St. Andrew's Square,
was erected in 1847, and has a rich hexa-
style Corinthian portico with beautiful
group of tympanum sculpture, represented
on the bank's notes. The Clydesdale
Bank, at corner of George Street and
Hanover Street, was erected in 1842 for
the Edinburgh and Glasgow Bank, now
extinct, and is in ornate Italian style.
The Union Bank, in George Street to the
east of Frederick Street, was erected
in 1874-78, and has a rich Italian frontage
of more than 100 feet. The Merchant
Hall, in South Hanover Street, was built
in 1867 for the City of Glasgow Bank, has
a florid Italian front, and became the
Merchant Hall in 1879. The Corn Ex-
change, in Grassmarket, was erected in
1849 at a cost of nearly £20,000, includes
an arcade 152 feet long, and is occasionally
used for public demonstrations. The
Green Market, at corner of Princes Street |

and Waverley Bridge, was formed in 1869,
greatly improved prior to 1877, and further
improved at later date ; stands on a lofty
arched basement so strong that a City Hall
to cost about £250,000 was at one time
proposed to be erected on it ; has a terraced
garden roof, well-lights, and gallery ; and
includes a spacious area, often used for
public demonstrations, promenade concerts,
and great shows.

The North British Railway terminus,
behind the Green Market and eastward
under North Bridge, was extensively re-
constructed and enlarged in 1869-73 ; has
spacious platforms, north and south, 920
and 975 feet long, with lofty glazed ridge-
and-valley roofs ; possesses a booking hall
97 feet long and 40 feet wide, together
with waiting rooms, dining room, and
buffet ; and serves for the entire North
British system to all points of the compass.
The Caledonian Railway station, adjacent
to the west end of Princes Street, was
erected in 1869 as merely a temporary
structure ; stands on part of an extensive
site, purchased and cleared at enormous
cost ; and is to be superseded by a splendid
durable structure, with adjoining great
hotel. A South-side Suburban Railway
was authorized on behalf of the North
British Company in 1865, but failed to be
formed chiefly for financial reasons ; was
re-projected by an independent company
near the end of 1879, to be formed on a
share capital of £225,000 ; and is to be
about 6^ miles long, and to curve round
from Haymarket station into junction with
the main line near Portobello. The street
tramway system was commenced in 1871 ;
includes a circular route of about 5 miles
from General Post Office by way of North
Bridge, Newington, Grange, Morningside,
Lothian Road, and Princes Street back to
the starting-point ; has lines to Coltbridge,
Leith, Newhaven, and Portobello ; and
was proposed in 1881 to have further ex-
tension.

The Prince Consort's Monument, in
centre of Charlotte Square, was produced
slowly at a cost of about £16,500, and in-
augurated in 1876 by the Queen ; is a
quasi - pyramidal structure about 32 feet
high ; has four groups of statues on blocks
at the corners of the basement, and em-
blematic bas - reliefs in panels of the
pedestal ; and is surmounted by a colossal
equestrian statue of the Prince. The first
Lord Melville's Monument, in centre of
St. Andrew's Square, was erected in 1821
at a cost of £8000, and consists of pede-
stal, pillar, and statue, altogether 150
feet high. The second Lord Melville's
Monument, in centre of Melville Street,
consists of only pedestal and statue.
George iv.'s, Pitt's, and Chalmers'
Monuments, at crossings in George Street,
and Simpson's, Ramsay's, Wilson's, Black's,
and Livingstone's Monuments, in Princes
Street, are all pedestalled statues, most of
them quite recently erected. Sir Walter

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Scott's Monument, on the esplanade of East
Princes Street Gardens, was erected in
1840-44, at a cost of £15,650 ; is a crucial
Gothic spire, rising from basement-arches
to a height of 200 feet ; is adorned with
much sculpture, and with numerous
statuettes ; and contains a marble sitting
statue of Sir Walter, obtained at a
separate cost of £2000. The Duke of
Wellington's Monument, in front of the
Register House, was erected in 1852 at a
cost of £10,000, and consists of a syenite
pedestal and an equestrian statue re-
spectively 13 and 14 feet high. Nelson's
Monument, crowning a cliff on south
shoulder of Calton Hill, was erected in
1815 ; comprises an octagonal house-
basement and a circular five-storeyed tower ;
has a total height of 102 feet ; and is sur-
mounted by a time - ball. The National
Monument, in north-eastern vicinity of
Nelson's, was founded in 1822, and
designed to be similar to the Parthenon at
Athens, at a cost of £50,000 ; but was
erected to only a small extent, at a cost of
about £16,000, and presents the appear-
ance of a picturesque ruin. Playf air's and
Dugald Stewart's Monuments, also on
Calton Hill, are respectively a solid Doric
square and a canopied Corinthian cyclo-
style. Burns' Monument, on brink of
Regent Road Terrace, overlooking Canon-
gate, was erected in 1830 ; comprises a
twelve-columned Corinthian cyclostyle,
with ornate cupola ; and contains a bust
and many interesting relics of Burns.

The University, with front to South
Bridge and flanks to Chambers and South
College Streets, was erected in successive
portions from 1789 till 1834 ; forms a court-
enclosed parallelogram,. 358 feet long and
255 feet broad ; has exterior elevations in
Grseco-Italian stjde, and interior ones in
Doric, Ionic, Corinthian, and Venetian
styles ; is pierced in its front with three
lofty arches, and adorned there with six
lofty Doric monoliths ; contains a rich
library hall of 198 feet by 50 ; and has 39
professorships, and usually above 2000
students. The New University Buildings,
a brief distance south-west of the Univer-
sity, were founded in 1878, and estimated
to cost about £174,000; are in a style
intermediate between the Gothic and the
Palladian ; and comprise a common hall
and medical class-rooms. The Museum of
Science and Art, in Chambers Street, west-
ward from the University, was founded in
1861, and partly inaugurated in 1866 ; ad-
vanced by successive stages in subsequent
years ; is in the Venetian Renaissance style,
on a plan to measure more than 400 feet
in length, 200 feet in width, and 90 feet in
average height ; and contains, in great
apartments, vast collections of everything
instructive or curious in all departments
of invention and research. The School of
Arts, on opposite side of Chambers Street,
was erected in 1872-73, and contains a
spacious lecture-hall and large class-rooms.

The Phrenological Museum, adjoining the
School of Arts, was erected in 1876 at a
cost of nearly £5000. The Surgeons' Hall,
on east side of Nicolson Street, was erected
in 1833 at a cost of £20,000 ; has an ele-
gant Ionic portico ; and contains a rich
anatomical and pathological museum. The
Physicians' Hall, in Queen Street, was
erected in 1845, and has an Attic Corinth-
ian tetrastyle surmounted by three statues.
The Free Church College, at head of the
Mound, was erected in 1846-50 at a cost
of more than £30,000 ; is in the English
collegiate style ; and forms a court-enclosed
quadrangle 177 feet long and 165 broad.
The United Presbyterian College, on
Castle Terrace, was originally the Edin-
burgh Theatre, erected in 1875 ; is in
geometric quasi-Italian style ; was pur-
chased by the United Presbyterians in
1877 for £26,700, and altered at a further
cost of about £20,000 ; serves also for
synod meetings and general church busi-
ness ; and was opened in 1880.

The High School, on a terraced face of
Calton Hill, overlooking Canongate, was
erected in 1825-27 at a cost of more than
£30,000 ; stands behind a curved curtain-
wall 490 feet long ; includes a main build-
ing of centre and wings 270 feet long ; and
exhibits there striking features of Doric
portico and colonnaded corridors. The
Edinburgh Academy, in Henderson Row,
was erected in 1824 at a cost of £12,264,
and is a low, spacious Doric edifice. The
Ladies' College, near west end of Queen
Street, superseded the Merchant Maiden
Hospital in Lauriston ; was constructed in
1871 by purchase, alteration, and exten-
sion of previous buildings ; and provides a
low-priced high-class education for up-
wards of 1200 pupils. George Watson's
College for boys, on south side of Lauriston,
includes the quondam Merchant Maiden
Hospital, erected in 1816 at a cost of
£12,250 ; includes also a large extension
with ornamental front, erected in 1872-73 ;
and provides a low-priced wide-ranged
education for about 1100 pupils. George
Watson's College for girls, in George
Square, was much enlarged in 1876, has
a neat Italian front, and gives a similar
education to that in the Ladies' College.
Gillespie's School, at west end of Brunts-
field Links, was originally a great alms-
house, erected in 1801 ; is an oblong cas-
tellated Gothic structure ; and was con-
verted in 1870 into a primary school for
boys and girls. Stewart's College, about
350 yards west of Dean Bridge, was erected
in 1849-53 at a cost of about £30,000; is
a spacious edifice in mixed style of old
Scottish and late domestic Gothic ; served
till 1871 for maintaining and educating a
restricted number of poor children ; and
was then converted into a public school of
similar character to Watson's College for
boys.

The Church of Scotland Normal School,
in Johnstone Terrace, was erected in 1854

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at a cost of about £10,000, and was
designed in 1879 to be altered and
enlarged. The Church of Scotland Train-
ing College, on north side of Chambers
Street, was erected in 1879 ; has a stair-
case exactly over the spot where Sir
Walter Scott was born ; and affords all
appliances for the instruction of advanced
male students. The Free Church Train-
ing College, in Canongate, includes Moray
House, the interesting old town mansion
of the Earls of Moray ; and has, behind
that, an edifice erected in 1877 at a cost
of about £5400. The Episcopalian Train-
ing College, in Dairy suburb, includes
Dairy House, purchased, rearranged, and
enlarged in 1877 ; and has, behind that, a
new three-storey brick building. Leith
Walk Public School, a little east of middle
of Leith Walk, was erected in 1875-76 at
a cost of about £9000 ; is in the decorated
collegiate style; and has accommodation
for 845 scholars. Canonmills Public School,
a little north-west of Bellevue Crescent,was
erected in 1879-80 at a cost of less than
£7000 ; is in plain quasi- Gothic style ; and
has accommodation for about 800 scholars.
Fountainbridge, Canongate, and Dairy
Public Schools are of similar date and
capacity. The Heriot Juvenile Schools,
in eleven different localities, are all modern
and spacious, and mostly either neat or
ornamental. Several denominational
schools also are of similar character.

Fettes College, on a gentle rising ground
near Comely Bank suburb, was erected in
1865-70 at a cost of about £150,000; in-
cludescollege-proper,threeboarding-houses,
and other buildings ; is in ornate variety
of the collegiate pointed style ; makes an
imposing figure in an extensive landscape ;
and. serves partly for maintaining and edu-
cating a restricted number of orphan boys,
but more largely for educating non-founda-
tioners on the system of the great public
schools of England. Heriot's Hospital,
between Lauriston and Grassmarket, was
erected in 1628-50 at a cost of about
£30,000 ; underwent renovation and im-
provement in 1833 and other years ; forms
a quadrangle of 162 feet on each side, en-
closing a court of 94 feet each way ; is in
unique style, allied to the Gothic and the
Tudor ; maintains and educates 120 resident
boys and 96 non-resident ; promotes the
after-welfare of the boys, and supports
the Heriot juvenile schools ; and had, in
1879, an income of £24,006. Donaldson's
Hospital, about 600 yards west of Hay-
market, was erected in 1842-51 at a cost
of about £100,000, from a bequest of
about £200,000 ; forms a quadrangle of
258 by 207 feet, enclosing a court of 176
by 164 feet ; is in modified variety of
the Tudor style, with profusion of towers ;
figures conspicuously in views of many
miles to the west and the south ; and
maintains and educates between 200
and 300 poor boys and girls. John Wat-
son's Hospital, in Dean suburb, was

erected in 1825-28 ; is a large edifice with
Doric portico ; and maintains and educates
about 100 fatherless children of profes-
sional men. The Orphan Hospital, also
in Dean suburb, was erected in 1833 at a
cost of nearly £16,000; comprises large
centre, projecting wings, Tuscan portico,
and two arch-cut towers ; and maintains
and educates about 120 boys and
girls.

The Royal Institution, on north end of
the Mound, was erected in 1823-36 at a
cost of £40,000 ; is an oblong edifice in
pure Doric style, with massive porticoes
on the ends and uniform columniation
along the sides ; has a colossal sitting
statue of Queen Victoria behind the apex
of its north pediment, and large sphinxes
on its four angles ; makes an imposing
figure in the scenery of Princes Street ;
and contains the School of Design, a
Sculpture Gallery, the Antiquarian
Museum, and the chambers of the Royal
Society and of the Board of Trustees for
Manufactures in Scotland. The Art
Galleries, on the Mound immediately be-
hind the Royal Institution, were erected
in 1850-58 at a cost of nearly £40,000;
are a cruciform edifice, with broad, high
transept in the middle ; have Ionic porti-
coes on their north and south ends and on
each face of the transept ; comprise two
ranges of octagonal apartments, for re-
spectively the National Gallery of Art
and the Royal Scottish Academy, all
lighted by cupolas ; and are notable both
for a rich, permanent collection of works
of art accessible to the public, and for an
annual exhibition of the works of living
artists from February till May. The
Albert Institute, in Shandwick Place,
was projected in 1876, to stand on ground
purchased for £25,000, to contain a pic-
ture gallery and artists' studios, and to
form a ' fine art centre where pictures
may be exhibited all the year round.'

The Botanic Garden, on west side of
Inverleith Row, was formed in 1822-24,
in lieu of a previous garden on east side
of Leith Walk, and with safe removal
thence of all plants ; underwent enlarge-
ment about 1866, by inclusion of the con-
tiguous Experimental Gardens formed in
1824 ; has now an area of 27J acres ; was
designed in 1880 to acquire new class-
rooms with seats for 600 students; and
contains a museum, a magnetic observa-
tory, extensive hot-houses, a magnificent
palm-house, a Linnaean arrangement, a
Jussieuan arrangement, a large arboretum,
extensive terraced rockeries, an aquarium,
a rosary, and splendid parterres. The
Public Arboretum, contiguous to all the
Botanic Garden's west side, lies around
Inverleith House, and comprises about 30
acres ; originated in an agreement in 1877
that £18,408 should be paid for it by
the City Corporation, and about £16,000
by Government ; and began to be laid
out and planted near the end of 1879.

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East Princes Street Gardens, extending
from Waverley Bridge to the Mound,
were laid out in 1830, and re-formed in
1849-50; have, on the level of Princes
Street, an esplanade about 100 feet broad ;
descend thence, in graduated banks, to a
deep central belt traversed by the North
British B,ailway ; and comprise a remark-
able aggregate of promenade walks and
floral Ornamentation. West Princes Street
Gardens, extending westward from the
Mound, were formed in 1816-20, partly
over fetid, marshy bed of the North Loch ;
belonged to the public, became private
property, and were recovered for the
public in 1876 ; underwent much improve-
ment in subsequent years ; and, except
for including a verdant ascent to the
Castle ramparts, present a general re-
semblance to the East Princes Street
Gardens. The Meadows, in south part
of the Old Town, measure about 6 fur-
longs by 1J ; were anciently covered with
a shallow lake ; and are now a well-
drained and considerably embellished public
park. Queen Street Gardens, on north
border of north New Town, measure about
4 furlongs by half, serve as air-lungs,
and present much beauty, but are private
property. Dean Bridge Gardens, on north
bank of Water of Leith, below Dean
Bridge, were formed in 1877-80 on ground
purchased for about £5000, and make a
fine display of ornate walks and terraced
plots. The Winter Garden, near Hay-
market, was formed in 1870-71 ; has a
front 130 feet long, with spacious main
entrance stxrmounted by a dome ; and is
private property, but accessible to the
public.

The New Observatory, on crown of
Calton Hill, was erected in 1818 ; has the
form of a Greek cross, with a Doric por-
tico on each of its four fronts ; and. is
surmounted by a moveable dome 13 feet in
diameter. The Old Observatory, adjacent
to the new, was erected in 1776, and is a
plain structure, now used as an anemo-
meter. Short's Observatory, on Castle
Hill, was erected about 1850 ; contains
abundant appliances for popular scientific
observation ; and has a tower commanding
a panoramic view of the city and environs.
The Signet Library, adjoining north-west
side of Parliament House, was erected at
a cost of £25,000 ; has handsome Grecian
exterior, and richly ornate interior; was
used by George iv. for receptions at the
time of a banquet given to him in Par-
liament House ; and contains numerous
portraits, and about 60,000 volumes.
The Advocates' Library, behind the Signet
Library, comprises apartments beneath
Parliament House, and separate buildings
toward George IV. Bridge ; underwent
extensive interior improvement in 1870-71 ;
and contains numerous portraits, many
literary curiosities, about 2000 manu-
scripts, and upwards of 200,000 volumes.
The Antiquarian Museum, already men-

tioned as in the Royal Institution, contains
a very extensive collection of all sorts of
old or ancient British and foreign objects
interesting to the archaeologist and the
scholar. The Highland and Agricultural
Society's Chambers, on west side of George
iv. Bridge, were erected in 1839 ; are an
ornamental isolated edifice ; and formerly
contained a valuable agricultural museum,
now in the University.

The Assembly Booms, on south side cf
George Street between Hanover and
Frederick Streets, were erected in 1787,
and somewhat improved in 1871 ; are in
plain Italian style, with Doric portico on
piazza basement ; and contain a hall 92
feet long, 42 wide, and 40 high. The
Music Hall, behind the Assembly Rooms,
and approached through their entrance,
was erected in 1843 at a cost of more than
£10,000 ; measures interiorly 108 feet by 91 ;
and has a large organ and very extensive
orchestral accommodation. The Masonic
Hall, behind a house on the same side of
George Street farther west, was erected in
1858-59, and is much used for public enter-
tainments. The Theatre Royal, at head
of Broughton Street, succeeded two
theatres on the same site, destroyed by
fire in 1853 and 1865 ; was erected in 1866,
gutted by fire in January 1875, and re-
opened in January 1876 ; and is a spacious
but plain structure with Italian front.
The Royal Princess' Theatre, on east side
of Nicolson Street, was much improved in
1876, and has sittings for about 1800
persons. The Gaiety Music Hall, in
Chambers Street, was opened in 1875, and
has 1200 sittings. Newsome's Circus, on
west side of Nicolson Street, succeeded
the Queen's Theatre, destroyed by fire
in 1877. Cooke's Circus, in Grindlay
Street, was opened in 1877 ; is a struc-
ture partly of brick and partly of wood ;
and has sittings for upwards of 3000 per-
sons. The Calton Convening Rooms, on
north side of Waterloo Place, are much
used for public entertainments. The
Literary Institute, in South Clerk Street,
was erected in 1870 and improved in 1875,
and includes a large hall for lectures and
concerts. Queen Street Hall, in eastern
part of Queen Street, was erected in 1847
as the United Presbyterian Synod Hall ;
is now used for the Philosophical Institu-
tion's lectures, and for public meetings ;
and contains accommodation for 1100 per-
sons. The Royal Patent Gymnasium, on
depressed ground at the north-east verge
of northern New Town, was opened in
1865 ; covers an extensive area ; and con-
tains a great variety of appliances for re-
creation.

The Old Royal Infirmary, in a large area
behind South Bridge Street immediately
east of the University, comprised a massive
main edifice of 1738 and several other
extensive buildings, and was purchased by
the town council in 1881 to be converted
into a fever hospital. The New Royal

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164

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Infirmary, on south side of Lauriston Place
adjacent to the New University Buildings,
was founded in 1870 and opened in 1879 ;
cost about £380,000 ; is on the pavilion
system, and in the old Scottish baronial
style ; extends in long narrow ranges south-
wards to the Meadows ; occupies an area
of 11J acres, yet covers only 3| by the
aggregate of its buildings ; presents to
Lauriston Place an imposing main front
with the ends of four pavilions at the sides
and a massive three-storey steepled eleva-
tion in the centre ; is all so constructed as
to secure the freest possible circulation of
air around and within all its parts ; com-
prises eight pavilions and twenty-four
wards ; and contains beds for a daily
average of 600 patients. Chalmers' Hos-
pital, at south side of west end of Lauriston
Place, was erected in 1861-64 ; is a large
edifice in plain Italian style ; ministers to
the sick and hurt ; and in 1879 treated
202 in door and 1806 out-door patients.
The Maternity Hospital, at corner of
Lauriston Place and Lauriston Park, was
erected in 1877-78 at a cost of about £10,500 ;
is in modified domestic Gothic style ; and
contains eight delivery wards. The Royal
Edinburgh Lunatic Asylum, at south end
of Morningside, comprises a large neat
edifice of 1810, an extensive addition of
1850, and enlargements and improvements
of 1866 ; includes fine enclosed garden
grounds ; and has a daily average of about
740 patients, and an annual income of
about £43,500. The Asylum for Blind
Males, on east side of Nicolson Street,
comprises two houses originally private,
refitted in 1806 and 1822, and subsequently
improved. The Asylum for Blind Females,
in West Oraigmillar suburb to the south
of May field, was erected in 1874-77 at a
cost of about £13,000; is an edifice of
centre and wings in light French style ;
and has ornamental grounds of about 4
acres. The Institution for the Deaf and
Dumb, to the north-west of Henderson
Bow, sprang from an initial school of
1810 ; was erected by subscription ; and is a
neat, spacious, well-arranged edifice.

The Victoria or General Assembly Hall,
in a sharp angle at foot of Castle Hill and
Johnstone Terrace toward Lawnmarket,
was erected in 1842-44 at a cost of about
£16,000 ; is the meeting - place of the
General Assembly of the Church of Scot-
land ; is a large oblong edifice in decorated
Gothic style ; and has a beautiful steeple
241 feet high, figuring conspicuously in
most views of the city. St. Giles' Church,
blocking part of High Street from most of
Parliament Square, dates from 9th century,
but retains no portion of earlier date than
the 14th ; became a collegiate church in
1466, and a cathedral in 1633 ; underwent
division into assembly hall and three par-
ochial churches ; was originally cruciform,
but lost that shape by both additions and
curtailments ; measures now 206 feet in
length and from 76 to 129 feet in breadth ;

is surmounted by a unique crown-shaped
spire 161 feet high ; was shorn of most of
its old exterior architectural features by a
modernizing renovation effected in 1829-32
at a cost of about £10,000; underwent
tasteful interior renovation of its eastern
or High Church section in 1872-73 at a
cost of £4990 ; underwent renovation of
the transepts in 1879 at corresponding
cost ; was designed to undergo similar
renovation of its nave in or after 1881, at
a cost of about £10,500 ; and figures pro-
fusely in the history of the Scottish Re-
formation, and of the persecuting times of
the Stewarts. Tron Church, at corner of
High Street and South Bridge, was erected
in 1637-63 at a cost of about £6000 ; is in
the Scottish Renaissance style ; and under-
went improvements in 1828 and 1872.
Greyfriars Churches, Old and New, at
head of famous old cemetery near west
end of Chambers Street, were erected
in respectively 1612 and 1721, and have
both been burnt and renovated. Trinity
College Church, on south side of Jeffrey
Street, was erected in 1871-72 in lieu of
a celebrated church of 15th century on
ground now covered by North British
Railway station, and includes much re-
production of that church in both feature
and material. St. Cuthbert's Church,
between "West Princes Street Gardens and
Lothian Road, succeeded a large ancient
cruciform edifice on site of a Culdee cell ;
was erected in 1775, without a steeple, at
a cost of £4231 ; presented so very bald an
appearance that a steeple was afterwards
adjoined to it ; and is so capacious as to
contain about 3000 sittings. St. George's
Church, on west side of Charlotte Square,
was erected in 1811-14 at a cost of £33,000 ;
forms a square of 112 feet each way, with
lofty Ionic portico on east front ; and is
surmounted by successively a circular
Corinthian colonnade, a massive dome, a
lantern cupola, and a cross, the last at a
height of 160 feet from the ground. St.
Stephen's Church, at foot of St. Yincent
Street, was erected in 1826-28 at a cost of
£21,000, and is an octagonal edifice in
mixed Roman style, with balustraded
tower 165 feet high. St. Andrew's
Church, on north side of easternmost
section of George Street, was erected in
1785 and 1789, and is a plain oval edifice
with Corinthian portico and very fine
steeple. St. Mary's Church, in Bellevue
Crescent, was erected in 1824 at a cost of
£14,000, and has a handsome Corinthian
portico and a beautiful three-storey tower,
successively Doric, Ionic, and Corinthian,
crowned with cupola and small cyclostyle
lantern. 21 other Established churches
are within the city and suburbs.

The Free Church Assembly Hall, on
Castle Hill, opposite Victoria Hall, was
erected in 1858-59 at a cost of £7000 ; is
plain but spacious ; and occupies the site
of Mary of Guise's palace. St. John's
Free Church, in south-eastern vicinity of

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that hall, was erected in 1847, crowns a
steep acclivity in the rear, and is in a
mixed style of early Gothic. Barclay
Free Church, at north-west corner of
Bruntsfield Links, was erected in 1862-63
at a cost of more than £10,000, shows re-
markable combinations of Gothic archi-
tecture, has an elegant steeple 250 feet
high, and was interiorly renovated in
1880. Tron Free Church, on north side of
Chambers Street, was erected in 1876-77
at a cost of £8000, and is in free variety of
the Byzantine style. St. George's Free
Church, at corner of Maitland and Stafford
Streets, was erected in 1867-69 at a cost
of £13,600 for the site, and £17,400 for
the building ; is in the Palladian style,
originally without tower or steeple ; and
acquired in 1881-82 a tower 185
feet high in style of Italian campanile.
Pilrig Free Church, at corner of Leith
"Walk and Pilrig Street, was erected in
1861-62, is in the early decorated Gothic
style, and has a double transept and a
steeple. St. Mary's Free Church, at corner
of Broughton and Albany Streets, was
erected in 1859-61 at a cost of £13,000, is
in a mixed style of decorated Gothic and
Tudor, and has a richly - carved lofty
steeple. 34 other Free churches are
within the city and suburbs. — Broughton
Place United Presbyterian Church, look-
ing westward along Broughton Place
thoroughfare, was' erected in 1821 at a
cost of £7095 ; underwent improvement in
1853 and 1870 at a cost of about £4000 ;
and has a neat neighbouring hall erected
in 1878 at a cost of about £3000. Palmer-
ston Place United Presbyterian Church,
in western vicinity of St. Mary's Episcopal
Cathedral, was erected in 1874-75 at a
cost of about £14,000, is in classic Italian
style, more like an old Roman temple
than an ordinary British church, and has
a long high portico flanked by towers.
Morningside United Presbyterian Church,
in Chamberlain Road, superseded a neigh-
bouring church of 1863, was erected in
1881 on plan estimated to cost upwards of
£10,000, and is in the Norman style with
massive tower. 23 other United Presby-
terian churches, 5 of them erected or in
course of erection in 1880, and several
others quite recent, are within the city
and suburbs. — Augustine Congregational
Church, on George IV. Bridge, was erected
in 1861 at a cost of about £14,000 ; has a
deep basement on an old low transverse
street ; and is in the Byzantine style with
minaret steeple. 5 other Congregational
chui-ches, 3 Evangelical Union, 4 Original
Secession, 5 Baptist, 2 Methodist, a Glassite,
a Quakers', a German, a Unitarian, and a
Jews' synagogue, several of them erected
near 1881, are within the city and
suburbs.

St. Mary's Episcopal Cathedral, on
direct line with Melville Street, and on
vista line with Princes Street, sprang from
a bequest of about £400,000 by the late

Miss Walker of Coates ; was erected,
minus western towers and chapter-house,
in 1874-79 at a cost of about £110,000 ; is
a cruciform structure, mainly in ornate
early pointed style ; measures 262 feet
from east to west, and 132^ along the
transepts ; has a central tower and spire
275 feet high, surmounted by an iron cross
15 feet high ; and is designed to have two
western towers and spires, each 209 feet
high, and a north-eastern octagonal chap-
ter-house. St. Paul's Episcopal Church,
at corner of York Place and Broughton
Street, was erected in 1816-18 at a cost of
about £12,000 ; consists of nave and aisles,
measuring 123 feet by 73 ; is mainly in
later English style ; and has four lofty arch-
cut turrets. St. John's Episcopal Church,
at corner of Princes Street and Lothian
Road, was erected in 1818 at a cost of
£15,000 ; consists of nave and aisles 113
feet long ; is in florid Gothic style, with
western pinnacled tower 120 feet high ;
and was designed in 1880 to be enlarged
by addition of a rectangular chancel. All
Saints' Episcopal Church, in Brougham
Street, was erected mostly in 1867 and
partly in 1876, at a cost of about £10,500 ;
is a cruciform Gothic edifice ; and has a
massive porch and an octagonal tower.
Christchurch Episcopal church, in Morn-
ingside, was erected in 1876-77 at a cost
of about £10,500 ; is a cruciform edifice in
early French Gothic style ; and has a
steeple 140 feet high. Nine other Scottish
Episcopal churches, and 2 English Epis-
copal churches, are within the city and
suburbs. — The Catholic Apostolic Church,
at west end of East London Street, was
erected to the extent of 200 by 45 feet in
1873-76 at a cost of about £17,000 ; is in
later Norman style, with small steeple at
each corner ; and was designed to have a
great western tower and other additions,
at a probable cost of nearly £17,000. — St.
Mary's Roman Catholic Church, at head of
Broughton Street, was erected in 1813 at
a cost of about £8000, and is in the third
pointed style, with front pinnacles 70 feet
high. Two other Roman Catholic churches
and a convent are in the city.

Numerous hotels, in the principal
thoroughfares, are spacious edifices ; and
some of them, especially in and near
Princes Street, are highly ornate. The
New Club, in Princes Street, between
Hanover and Frederick Streets, was erected
for an association of noblemen and gentle-
men on principles similar to those of the
London West End Clubs, and is an exten-
sive, handsome edifice in the Italian style.
The University Club, in Princes Street,
between Castle and Charlotte Streets, was
erected in 1866-67 at a cost of nearly
£14,000, and is in Grseco-Italian style.
The United Service Club, in Queen Street,
was erected in 1835. The Life Association
Building, in Princes Street, contiguous to
the New Club, was erected in 1855-58;
has three double storeys, successively Doric,

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166

EDI

Ionic, and Corinthian ; and is profusely
ornate. The Widows' Fund Life Assur-
ance Office, on west side of St. Andrew's
Square, was erected in 1848-49 by the
Western Bank Company; passed to its
present use at a price very far below its
cost ; and is a large edifice in the Floren-
tine style. The Scottish Provident Insti-
tution's Office, on south side of St. Andrew
Square, was erected in 1868, and is in florid
Italian style. Numerous other semi-public
buildings, especially in the older parts of
the New Town, are large and elegant.
The ancient City Cross, on a spot in High
Street opposite the present Police Office,
was an object of great interest, taken down
in 1756, and bewailed in well-known verses
of Sir Walter Scott ; and the pillar of it,
after being 110 years out of view, was
placed within the railings of St. Giles'
Church in 1866. Some quite extinct
ancient edifices in the Old Town, especially
the Luckenbooths, westward from vicinity
of the City Cross, the old Tolbooth, ' the
Heart of Midlothian,' adjoining west end
of the Luckenbooths, the Collegiate Church
of St. Mary-in-the-Fields, on ground at
south side of the University, Blackfriars
Monastery, on ground covered by the Old
Koyal Infirmary, and Greyf riars Monastery,
on ground within the present Greyfriars
Cemetery, possess abiding interest, both
for their historical associations and for
extant descriptions of their structure.

The city has 64 postal receiving offices
and letter boxes, 4 subordinate railway
stations, 28 district or branch banking
offices, and head office and 3 branches of
National Security Savings Bank ; and it
publishes 5 daily newspapers, one twice a
week, and six weekly. Its trade does not
include any staple manufacture, but is
large in miscellaneous produce, brewing,
coach-building, printing, publishing, and
general shopping and marketing. Its
water-works draw from springs and stream-
lets on the Pentland and Moorfoot Hills ;
were commenced in 1722 on a small scale,
at comparatively small cost ; extended
prior to 1800 at a cost of £20,000; re-
extended in years after 1819 at a cost of
nearly £200,000 ; extended further in sub-
sequent years at correspondingly large
cost ; and extended again in the few years
tiU near end of 1879 at a cost of £337,837.
The corporation revenue in 1880 was
£110,801 in the municipal department,
£149,163 in the police department, and
£30,841 in the street improvement depart-
ment. The annual value of real property
in 1880-81 was £1,727,741. The city
returns two members to Parliament, and its
University unites with that of St. Andrews
in sending one. Pop., in 1861, 168,121;
in 1871, 197,581 ; in 1881, 228,357.

EDINBURGH AND GLASGOW RAILWAY,
railway, opened from Edinburgh to Glas-
gow in 1842, ramified afterwards with
several branches, and amalgamated with
the North British in 1865.

EDINBURGH, PERTH, AND DUNDEE
RAILWAW, railway from Edinburgh to
Ladybank in Fife, and thence in two forks
to Perth and Dundee. It includes a line
to Leith and Granton, a connecting ferry
on the Forth, the line thence to Perth and
Tayport, communication from the latter to
Dundee, and a branch from Thornton to
Dunfermline ; it was constituted by amal-
gamation of these in 1851 ; and it became
part of the North British system in 1862.

EDINBURGHSHIRE, or MID-LOTHIAN,
county between Haddingtonshire and Lin-
lithgowshire, on south side of Firth of
Forth. It has proximately a half-moon
form, with middle curve on the firth, a
long horn to the south-west, and a longer
horn to the south-east ; and it measures
about 12 miles along the Forth, about 20
along the south-western boundary, about
23 along the south-eastern boundary, about
38 along the southern boundary, and 367
square miles in area. Its surface, except
in the extreme half of its south-eastern
horn, is an inclined plain diversified by
hills ; and, in the extreme half of its
south-eastern horn, is chiefly the upper
part of the basin of Gala river. The
Pentland Hills intersect the west centre
of its plain north - north - eastward to
about 4 miles from Edinburgh ; the Moor-
foot Hills extend about 10 miles south-
eastward from the middle of the southern
border ; the Lammermoors contribute a
narrow flank to the east side of Gala
river; the hill-ridge comprising Carberry
extends nearly 6 miles on the eastern
border toward vicinity of Musselburgh;
the hill-group culminating in Arthur's
Seat gives much character to the site and
environs of Edinburgh ; Corstorphine Hill
forms a fine feature 3 miles farther west ;
and the Plat Hills and Dalmahoy Crags
figure considerably in the south-west.
Almost the entire county lies like a map
beneath the eye from the highest summit
of the Pentlands ; and, as seen thence, is
most strikingly picturesque and richly em-
bellished. About two-thirds of the entire
area are arable, and comprise as finely
cultivated lands as can be seen anywhere
in the world. The other third is partly
moorish, but mostly good hill pasture. The
only streams of any note are the Almond
on the north-western boundary, the Water
of Leith parallel to the Almond., the Esks
downward to the north-eastern border, all
running to the Firth of Forth, and the
Gala traversing the outer half of the
south-eastern horn on its way to the
Tweed. A coal-field nearly 15 miles long
and from 7 to 8 miles broad extends north-
eastward from Carlops to Musselburgh;
limestone abounds in that coal-field and
in tracts to the south-east of it ; and sand-
stone of prime quality abounds in places to
the west and south-west of Edinburgh.
Manufactures of paper and of gunpowder
are notable ; fisheries at Musselburgh and
Newhaven are famous ; and commerce at

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EIG

Leith and Granton is great. The Cale-
donian Ottadini and Gadeni, the Eomans,
and the Anglo-Saxons, had successive pos-
session of the territory, and have all left
interesting remains ; and later occupants
have contributed the extant antiquities of
Borthwick, Crichton, Dalhousie, Eoslin,
Bavensnook, Cousland, Catcune, Locher-
wart, Luggate. and Craigmillar Castles, the
last a structure of much note. The towns
with each more than 40,000 inhabitants are
Edinburgh and Leith ; with each more than
5000 are Musselburgh, Dalkeith, and Por-
tobello ; with each more than 2000 are
"West Calder and Penicuick ; with each
more than 1000 are Bonnyrigg, Lasswade,
Loanhead, Jock's Lodge, Granton, and
Addiewell; and the villages with each more
than 300 amount to 36. The annual value
of real property in 1880-81, exclusive of
Edinburgh, Leith, Musselburgh, andPorto-
beUo,was £688,167. Pop., in 1861, 273,997 ;
in 1871, 328,379 ; in 1881, 388,977.

EDINCHIP, seat of Sir Malcolm Mac-
gregor, Bart., 1\ mile south-west cf Loch-
earnhead, Perthshire.

EDINGIGHT, seat of Sir John Innes,
Bart. , in Grange parish, Banffshire.

EDINGLASSIE, a seat of Sir Charles J.
Forbes, Bart., in Strathdon parish, Aber-
deenshire.

EDINGTON, ruined ancient fortalice, 2
miles east of Chirnside, Berwickshire.

EDINKENS, quondam historical bridge
in Innerwick parish, Haddingtonshire.

EDINKILLIE. See Edenkillie.

EDINSHALL, quondam curious ancient
tower on Cockburnlaw, Berwickshire.

EDINTORE, seat in Keith parish, Banff-
shire.

EDINVILLE, hamlet in Dallas parish,
Elginshire.

EDINVILLIE, section of Aberlour parish,
Banffshire.

EDMONDS, dean or ravine in Cockburns-
path parish, Berwickshire.

EDMONSTON, seat in Biggar parish,
L&n <&rk sliir g

EDMONSTONE, seat of Sir John Don
Wauchope, Bart., and village, 4 miles
south-east of Edinburgh.

EDNAM, village and parish on north
border of Eoxburghshire. The village
stands on Eden river, 2£ miles north-east
of Kelso, was the birthplace of the poet
Thomson, and has a parochial church with
260 sittings, and a public school with about
145 scholars. The parish measures about
3J by 3 miles, and comprises 3849 acres.
Eeal property in 1880-81, £9651. Pop.
613. The land is mostly flat, but
includes some slopes and two fine eleva-
tions. Chief objects are Hendersyde Park
and an obeliskal monument to the poet
Thomson.

EDNAM HOUSE, seat in Kelso parish,
Eoxburghshire.

EDRACHILLIS. See Eddeeachtllis.

EDRADOUR, burn, with beautiful cas-
cade, in Moulin parish, Perthshire.

EDRADYNATE, seat on the Tay, be-
tween Weem and Logierait, Perthshire.

EDRINGTON, seat and ruined old castle
on the Whitadder, on southern verge of
Berwickshire and Scotland.

EDROM, village and parish in Merse
district, Berwickshire. The village stands
on the Whitadder, 3£ miles north-east of
Dunse, is very ancient but small, and has
a post office designated of Berwickshire, a
railway station, a parochial church with
600 sittings, and a public school with about
100 scholars. — The parish contains also
Allanton village, measures about 1\ miles
by 4, and comprises 9545 acres. Eeal
property in 1880-81, £22,074. Pop.
1514. The surface is mostly well-culti-
vated arable land. The seats are Edrom
House, Kimmerghame, Kelloe, Broom-
house, Blackadder House, Allanbank, Nis-
bet, and Chirnside-Bridge House ; and the
antiquities are sites of 5 or 6 Border peels.
A Free church is at Allanton, and 4 public
schools for 365 scholars are in the parish.

EDZELL (popularly AIGLE or EAGLE),
village in Forfarshire, and parish partly
also in Kincardineshire. The village stands
6 miles north-by-west of Brechin, presents
a pleasant appearance, and has a post
office, with money order and telegraph
departments, under Brechin, a banking
office, 2 inns, Established and Free churches,
and a public school with about 183 scholars.
Pop. 370. — The parish measures about Yl\
by 6£ miles, and comprises 18,959 acres in
Forfarshire, and 1109 in Kincardineshire.
Eeal property in 1880-81, £6302 and
£635. Pop. 823. The surface lies along
the North Esk, and is mostly upland.
Edzell Castle was the splendid seat of the
Lindsays of Glenesk, ceased to be a resi-
dence in 1714, and is now an extensive
ruin. Two ancient Caledonian stone circles
are on the northern border. 3 schools for
302 scholars are in the parish, and 2 of
them for 260 are new.

E'EN. See Oyne.

_ EFFOCK, head stream of North Esk
river, Forfarshire.

EGG. See Bigg.

EGILSHAY. See Eagleshat.

EGLINTON, village, with ironworks, in
Kilwinning parish, Ayrshire. Pop. 672.

EGLINTON CASTLE, chief seat of the
Earl of Eglinton, near Eglinton village, and
2\ miles north of Irvine, Ayrshire. It is
a splendid edifice of 1798, and has a park
of 1200 acres.

EGLISHAY. See Eagleshat.

EGLISMONICHTY, ancient chapelry,
now in Monifeith parish, Forfarshire.

EIGG, Hebridean island, 8 miles west of
Arasaig, Inverness-shire. It measures 6^
miles in length, and from 2 to 3 miles in
breadth ; is partly low and partly hilly ;
includes a promontory with columnar
cliffs, similar to those of Staffa ; includes
also a curious, precipitous, columnarly-
peaked hill, 1272 feet high, called Scuir of
Eigg ; contains several Scandinavian forts

EIL

168

ELG

and a famous cavern ; and has a post office
under Oban, and a Roman Catholic
chapel. Pop. 291.

EIL, sea-loch on mutual border of Argyle-
shire and Inverness-shire. It strikes from
head of Loch Linnhe, extends 10 miles
north-eastward to Corpach, deflects sud-
denly there, and extends 11 miles thence
to the north-west ; and it has mostly a
width of about 2 miles.

EILDON, hamlet and hills in southern
vicinity of Melrose, Roxburghshire. The
hills rise from one base into three summits
1211, 1327, and 1385 feet high; were
known to the Romans as Mons Tremon-
tium ; have a large ancient Caledonian
tumulus and vestiges of a Roman camp ;
and command extensive panoramic views.

EILLAN. See ELLAN.

EIRE, the river Findhorn.

EISHART, sea-loch, about 7 miles long,
on west side of Sleat peninsula, Isle of
Skye.

EITSHAL, hill, 733 feet high, 8 miles
west - south - west of Stornoway, Outer
Hebrides.

ELCHAI6, mountain rivulet, running
to head of Loch Long in Ross-shire.

ELCHIES, two estates, Easter and
Wester, in Knockando parish, Elginshire.

ELCHO, decayed, strong, ancient castle
on the Tay, 4 miles south-east of Perth.
It gives the title of baron to the Earl of
Wemyss.

ELDERSLIE, town and quoad sacra par-
ish in Renfrewshire. The town stands 2
miles west of Paisley, was the birthplace
of Sir William Wallace, and has a post
office under Paisley, a church with 800
sittings, and a public school with about
220 scholars. Pop. of the town, 1141 ;
of the quoad sacra parish, 2242.

ELDERSLIE, seat on the Clyde, near
Renfrew.

ELDERSLIE AND FARDLEHILL, con-
joint village in Kilmaurs parish, Ayrshire.
Pop. 135.

ELDRIG, summit of hill-ridge, 1215 feet
high, on mutual border of Lanarkshire and
Renfrewshire.

ELDRIG, or EDRICK, village in Mochrum
parish, Wigtonshire.

ELF HOUSE, stalactitic cavern, a hiding-
place of the Covenanters, in Dusk Glen,
near Dairy, Ayrshire.

ELGAR, or ELLA, island in Shapinshay
parish, Orkney.

ELGIN, town and parish in Elginshire.
The town stands on the river Lossie, 63|
miles by road, but 80f by railway, north-
west of Aberdeen ; is situated partly on
meadow land, partly along a ridge; has
charming environs and a pleasant interior ;
was formerly the seat of the bishopric of
Moray, and has been a royal burgh since
the time of William the Lion ; ranks now
as the capital of Elginshire, and as the
head, of six burghs sending a member to
Parliament ; includes a chief street about
a mile long, with a central square ; pre-

sents an appearance of wealth ; carries on
some manufactures ; publishes two twice-
a-week newspapers ; and has a head post
office with all departments, a railway
station, 7 banking offices, 5 hotels, a
court-house of 1840, a conspicuous monu-
ment of the last Duke of Gordon, well-
preserved ruins of its ancient cathedral,
an Established church, 2 Free churches,
2 United Presbyterian churches, Congre-
gational, Baptist, Episcopalian, and Roman
Catholic churches, an evangelistic hall, an
elegant hospital of 1819, a splendid edu-
cational institution of 1822, and 3 public
schools. The cathedral was founded in
1224, underwent demolitions and recon-
structions, measured 282 feet from east
to west and 115 feet along the transepts,
was wrecked at the Reformation, and now
is a more attractive ruin than any other
ecclesiastical one in Scotland except Mel-
rose Abbey. The Established church was
erected in 1828, is a spacious edifice with
Doric portico, and has a tower with cyclo-
style lantern 112 feet high. Real property
of the burgh in 1880-81, £29,310. Pop.
7338. — The parish excludes part of the
town, and includes New Elgin village.
Its length is about 10 miles ; its breadth
about 6 miles ; its area 19,166 acres. Real
property of landward part in 1880-81,
£11,354. Pop. 8717. The surface com-
prises a gentle acclivity southward from
the town to base of Blackhills, a steep
hilly ridge to the west of that, and the
vales of Pluscardine and Mossdowie on
left of the Lossie. The 3 public schools
within the burgh are new, and have ac-
commodation for 400 scholars ; 10 other
schools are within the burgh, and have
accommodation for 1173 scholars ; and 6
schools for 535 scholars, 3 of them new,
for 340, are in the landward districts.

ELGIN (NEW), village in Elgin parish,
Elginshire. It has a public school with
about 73 scholars. Pop. 625.

ELGINSHIRE, maritime county, com-
prising eastern portion of ancient province
of Moray. It lies between Moray Firth
and the Grampians, to the east of Nairn-
shire and Inverness-shire ; and it under-
went change of boundary in 1870 by
transference to it of part of Cromdale
parish from Inverness-shire, and trans-
ference from it to that county of part of
Duthil parish. Its length from north to
south is about 40 miles ; its greatest
breadth near the coast is about 23 miles ;
and its area is 531 square miles. The
coast is mostly low and sandy ; the sea-
board, to the breadth of about 8 miles, is
champaign ; the middle section rises gradu-
ally in series of parallel hills and interven-
ing vales ; and the southern border includes
part of the valley of the Spey, and is else-
where filled with the Grampians. The
rocks of the sea-board are chiefly old red
sandstone, but include small patches of
lower oolite and lias ; and those of the
hills are granite, gneiss, mica-slate, quartz,

ELG

169

ELL

and talcose schist. The rivers are the
Spey in the east and south-east, the
Lossie in the middle, and the Findhorn in
the west. Nearly one-fourth of all the
land is arable, and in high cultivation.
The civil history is identical with that of
Moray. The towns with each more than
2000 inhabitants are Elgin, Forres, and
Lossiemouth ; the towns with each more
than 1000 inhabitants are Burghead,
Grantown, Eothes, Fochabers, and Hope-
man; and the villages with each more
than 300 are Garmouth, Findhorn, New
Elgin, Kingston, and Archiestown. The
annual value of real property in 1880-81
was £226,625. Pop. in 1871, 43,612 ; in
1881, 43,760.

EL60LL, hamlet in Strath parish, Isle
of Skye. It has a post office under
Broadford.

ELHARDHOLM, old chapelry now in
Shapinshay, Orkney.

ELIBANK, estate, with ancient peel-
tower, 8 miles north-west of Selkirk. It
gives the peerage title of baron to a branch
of the family of Murray.

ELIE, village and parish on south coast
of Fife. The village stands on bay of its
own name, 5 miles east-south-east of Largo,
is a sea-bathing resort, and has a post office,
with money order and telegraph depart-
ments, designated of Fife, a banking office,
an inn, a harbour, Established and Free
churches, and a public school with about 108
scholars. Pop. 625. — The parish is inter-
sected by Kilconquhar, measures about 4
miles by 2j, and comprises 2020 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £7198. Pop. 664. The
shore is sandy, and the land is mostly flat.
Elie House is a mansion of about 1675.

ELI STONE, ancient baronial castle on
Almond river in Kirkliston parish, Edin-
burghshire.

ELLA. See Elgak.

ELLAM, or ELLIM, ancient parish, now
part of Longformacus, Berwickshire.

ELLAN-AIGAS, abrupt wooded islet in
Beauly river, Kiltarlity parish, Inverness-
shire. It is crowned by a handsome
villa.

ELLAN AN-RIGH, islet in Loch Laggan,
Inverness-shire.

ELLAN- AN-TAGGART, islet in Loch
Awe, near influx of Avich rivulet, Argyle-
shire.

ELLAN-A-VROIN, rocky islet near middle
of Loch Vennachoir, Perthshire.

ELLAN- CHOLIUMCILLE, small island in
Loch Portree, Isle of Skye.

ELLAN-DHEIRRIG, rocky islet, with re-
mains of Earl of Argyle's fort of 1685, at
junction of Loch Riddan with Kyles of
Bute, Argyleshire.

ELLANDONAN, rocky islet, with ruined
ancient castle of Earls of Seaforth, at head
of Loch Alsh, in south-west comer of Ross.

ELLAN-DUIRNISH, islet in Loch Etive,
opposite Bun awe, Argyleshire.

ELLAN FADA, island near head of Loch
KiUisport, Knapdale, Argyleshire.

ELLAN-FINNAN, island, with ruined
ancient church, in Loch Shiel, on north
boundary of Argvleshire.

ELLAN - FREUCH, islet, with ruined
castle, in Sound of Islay, Argyleshire.

ELLAN - MAREE, islet, with ancient
burying-ground, in Loch Maree, Ross-
shire.

ELLANMORE, islet, with ancient arched
chapel, in south end. of Sound of Jura,
Argyleshire.

ELLANMORE, islet adjacent to Coll
Island, Argyleshire.

ELLANMUNDE, islet and ancient parish
on north border of Argyleshire. The islet
lies in Loch Leven, adjacent to mouth of
Coe rivulet, and contains a cemetery and
ruins of ancient church. The parish com-
prehended Glencoe and part of Appin, and
is now annexed to Lismore.

ELLAN-NA-BEICH, islet adjacent to
Easdale Island, Inner Hebrides. Pop. 304.

ELLAN-NA-GAEIL, the Rabbit Island, in
Tongue parish, Sutherland.

ELLAN-NA-GAMHNA, pastoral isle in
South Knapdale parish, Argyleshire.

ELLAN-NA-LEEK, isle near north-west
coast of South Knapdale, Argyleshire.

ELLAN-NA-MUICK, isle off west coast of
South Knapdale, Argyleshire.

ELLAN-NA-NAOIMH, islet, with natural
jet d'eau about 30 feet high, and with re-
mains of ancient chapel and burying-
ground, on east coast of Tongue parish,
Sutherland.

ELLAN-NAN-CAORACH, isle off Kildalton
coast, Islay Island, Argyleshire.

ELLAN-NAN-CON, islet in Loch Laggan,
Inverness-shire.

ELLAN-NAN-GOBHAR, islet, with two
vitrified forts, in Loch Aylort, Ardna-
murchan parish, Argyleshire.

ELLAN-NA-ROAN, inhabited island, about
2 miles in circuit, in Tongue parish,
Sutherland. It looks like two islands, is
mostly engirt with high precipitous rocks,
includes a low tract with very fertile soil,
and has on its north side a natural arch,
about 150 feet high and 70 feet wide.
Pop. 73.

ELLANREACH, large house, with ex-
tensive sheep-farm, in Glenelg parish,
Inverness-shire.

ELLAN-RORYMORE, islet, with vestiges
of ancient subterranean circular structure,
in Loch Maree, Ross-shire.

ELLAN VHOU, wooded islet, with ruined
ancient fortalice, in upper part of Loch
Lomond.

ELLEMBANK, seat near Kirkcudbright.

ELLEMFORD, place on Whitadder
river, 6 miles north - west of Dunse,
Berwickshire.

ELLEN'S ISLE, craggy, wooded, roman-
tic islet, centre of the action of Sir Walter
Scott's Lady of the Lake, near foot of Loch
Katrine, Perthshire.

ELLERHOLM, green islet in mouth of
Elwick bay, on south side of Shapinshay,
Orkney.

ELL

170

ENT

ELLINORTON, village in Kirriemuir
parisli, Forfarshire.

ELLIOCK, seat on burn of its own name,
2 miles south-south-west of Sanquhar,
Dumfriesshire. It was the birthplace of
the Admirable Crichton.

ELLIOT, rivulet running about 8 miles
east-south-eastward to the sea, at 1£ mile
south-south-west of Arbroath, Forfarshire.

ELLIOT-JUNCTION, railway station near
mouth of Elliot rivulet, Forfarshire.

ELLISLAND, farm on the Nith, 6£ miles
north-north-west of Dumfries. It was
occupied by the poet Burns in 1788-91.

ELLISTON, small square tower, ancient
seat of the Sempills, near foot of Castle-
Semple Loch, Renfrewshire.

ELLON, village and parish in south of
Buchan, Aberdeenshire. The village
stands on Ythan river, 16 miles by road,
but 19J by railway, north-by-east of Aber-
deen ; was formerly the seat of jurisdiction
of Buchan earldom ; is now a centre of
considerable business ; and has a head
post office with all departments, a railway
station, 3 banking offices, a hotel, Estab-
lished, Free, United Presbyterian, and
Episcopalian churches, and 2 public
schools. Pop. 964. — The parish measures
8 miles by 4f, and comprises 22,259 acres.
Real property in 1880-81, £23,776. Pop.,
quoad civilia, 3698 ; quoad sacra, 2872.
The surface mostly presents an undulating
appearance, but rises in several parts into
considerable eminences. The seats are
Ellon Castle, Esslemont, Arnage, Turner
Hall, and Dudwick ; and the first was
built in 1851, and is near some remains of
a previous mansion of about 1780. Five
schools for 718 scholars are in the parish,
and 4 of them for 670 are new.

ELLRIDGE, lake in Slamannan parish,
Stirlingshire.

ELLSNESS. See Elsness.

ELLSRICKLE, village, 4 miles north-by-
east of Biggar, Lanarkshire. It has a
Free church.

ELMBANK, seat in St. Yigeans parish,
Forfarshire.

ELPHIN, mountainous district north-
north-east of Ullapool, in Ross-shire. It
has a post office under Lairg.

ELPHINSTONE, village, old mansion,
and collieries in Tranent parish, Hadding-
tonshire. The village stands nearly 2
miles south-south- west of Tranent town.
Pop. 597. The mansion was built in
1600, and is attached to a massive square
tower of about the end of 14th century.

ELPHINSTONE, colliery in Airth parish,
Stirlingshire.

ELRICK, seat in New Machar parish,
Aberdeenshire.

ELRI6, hamlet in Mochrum parish,
Wigton shire. It has a public school with
about 89 scholars.

ELSHIESHIELDS, modern seat, with old
tower, in Lochmaben parish, Dumfriesshire.

ELSICK, seat and burn in Fetteresso
parish, Kincardineshire.

ELSNESS, headland and district in south
of Sanday Island, Orkney.

ELSWICK, capacious harbour in south of
Shapinshay Island, Orkney.

ELTRIGOE, small sea-inlet in Wick
parish, Caithness.

ELVAN, upland rivulet, running about
7 miles north-eastward to the Clyde, at
Elvanfoot, Lanarkshire.

ELVANFOOT, place, with inn and railway
station, 4| miles south-east of Abingdon,
Lanarkshire.

ELVINGSTON, seat in Gladsmuir parish,
Haddingtonshire.

EMANUEL, or MANUEL, railway station
and ruined priory of 1156, adjacent to
Avon river, near Linlithgow-Bridge.

EMBO, fishing village in Dornoch parish,
Sutherland. It has a public school with
about 85 scholars. Pop. 396.

ENDER, affluent of the Garry in Blair-
Athole parish, Perthshire.

ENDRICK, river, running about 18 miles
westward, chiefly in Stirlingshire, to Loch
Lomond at boundary with Dumbartonshire.
It receives the Blane and some smaller
affluents, and is celebrated in song as
' Sweet Ennerdale.'

ENGINE, three collier villages, New, Old,
and Sheriffhall, in Newton parish, Edin-
burghshire.

ENGLISH-HILL, mountain in Kiltarlity
parish, Inverness-shire.

ENGLISH-ROW, village in Dalziel parish,
Lanarkshire.

ENHALLOW, small island between
Pomona and Rousay, Orkney.

ENNERIC, rivulet, running about 10
miles eastward, in Glenurquhart, to Loch
Ness, Inverness-shire. It has a picturesque
course, and makes a beautiful cascade.

ENNICH, lake, overhung by grand pre-
cipices, in Rothiemurchus parish, Inver-
ness-shire.

ENOCH, lake on north verge of Minnigaff
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

ENOCH, hill, 1865 feet high, in New
Cumnock parish, Ayrshire.

ENOCHDHU, place, with post office
under Pitlochrie, Perthshire.

ENOCH (ST.), parish, with railway station
and with Established and Free churches,
in Glasgow. Pop., quoad sacra, 2131.

ENOCH (ST.), quoad sacra parish in
Dundee. Pop. 2401.

ENOCH, barony in Durrisdeer parish,
Dumfriesshire.

ENRIG, quondam abbot's house in
Girthon parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

ENSAY, island, about 5 miles in circuit,
2 miles south - west of Harris, Outer
Hebrides, Pop. 6.

ENTERKIN, burn, running from Lowther
Mountain to the Nith, in Durrisdeer parish,
Dumfriesshire.

ENTERKIN, seat in Tarbolton parish,
Ayrshire.

ENTERKINFOOT, place at mouth of
Enterkin burn, Dumfriesshire.
ENTERKINS-YETT, traditional scene of

ENZ

171

EJRS

sanguinary battle between natives and
Danes, in Currie parish, Edinburghshire.

ENZIE, quoad sacra parish, comprising
parts of Rathven and Bellie, in north-west
extremity of Banffshire. It has a post
office under Fochabers, Established and
Free churches, a new public school for 170
scholars, and an old one for 130. Pop. 2413.

ENZIEHOLM, farm, with vestiges of
very ancient strong triangular fortifica-
tion, in "Westerkirk parish, Dumfriesshire.

EOCHAR, place, with post office under
Lochmaddy, Outer Hebrides.

EOLAN, small affluent of the Etive, in
Ardchattan parish, Argyleshire.

EOLIGARY, seat in Barra Island, Outer
Hebrides.

EORODALE, headland, 3 miles south-
east of Butt-of-Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

EORSA, small island in Loch-na-Keal,
Mull, Argyleshire.

EOUSMIL, rocky islet frequented by
seals, on west side of North Uist, Outer
Hebrides.

EOY, small island between North Uist
and Barra, Outer Hebrides.

EPORT, long narrow sea-loch, with safe
harbour, 3 miles south of Lochmaddy, in
North Uist, Outer Hebrides.

ERCHLESS, modernized old castle, with
fine hill-girt park, in Strathglass, Inver-
ness-shire.

ERCILDOUN. See Eaklston.

EREGIE, seat in Dores parish, Inverness-
shire.

ERIBOLL, sea-loch, 10J miles long, and
mostly from 1 to 3 miles wide, in Durness
parish, Sutherland.

ERICHKIE, mountain rivulet, running
about 10 miles eastward to the Garry, at
4 miles west of Blair-Athole, Perthshire.

ERICHT, lake on mutual border of
Perthshire and Inverness-shire. It lies at
an elevation of 1153 feet above sea-level ;
is overhung by lofty, precipitous, desolate
mountains ; extends from neighbourhood
of Dalwhinnie 16 miles south-south-west-
ward, with average breadth of about a
mile ; and sends off a stream about 5 miles
southward to Loch Kannoch.

ERICHT, river in north-east of Perth-
shire. It is formed by conflux of the
Ardle and the Shee ; runs southward, past
Blairgowrie, to the Isla, at 2 miles west
of Coupar- Angus ; abounds in romantic
scenery ; and, measured from the sources
of its head-streams, has a total course of
about 23 miles.

ERIDINE, seat in Kilchrenan parish,
Argyleshire.

ERIGMORE, seat near Dunkeld, Perth-
shire.

ERINES, seat in South Knapdale parish,
Argyleshire.

ERISKA, island in mouth of Loch Creran,
Argyleshire. Pop. 7.

ERISKAY, island, about 3 miles long,
near south end of South Uist, Outer
Hebrides. It was Prince Charles Edward's
landing-place in 1745. Pop. 466.

ERISORT, sea-loch in south-east of Lewis,
Outer Hebrides. It opens about 7 miles
south of Stornoway, and goes about 10
miles west-south-westward, but is com-
paratively narrow.

ERIVIST, burn, running about 5| miles
south-westward to the Gala, in Stow
parish, Edinburghshire.

ERNAN, stream, traversing Tarland
parish to the Don, in Aberdeenshire.

ERNCRAGS, small lake in Crossmichael
parish, Kirkcudbrightshire.

ERNE. See Eakn and FiNDHOKN.

ERNSHEUCH, precipitous eminence with
Caledonian camp in Coldingham parish,
Berwickshire.

EROCHD. See Ericht.

ERRALD, island adjacent to south-
western extremity of Ross peninsula,
Mull, Argyleshire. Pop. 51.

ERROL, village and parish in Carse of
Gowrie, Perthshire. The village stands
about a mile from railway station of its
own name, lOf miles east of Perth ; crowns
a slight rising ground with extensive view ;
gives the title of Earl to the family of
Hay ; and has a post office with all depart-
ments designated of Perthshire, a post office
of Errol village under Errol, a banking office,
a hotel, a large cruciform towered Estab-
lished church, Free and United Presbyterian
churches, and a public school with about 111
scholars. Pop. 876. — The parish contains
also the villages of Pitrodie, Glendoick,
Grange, Leetown, West-town, and Mains
of Errol. Its length is 5^ miles ; its breadth
3J miles; its area 9507 acres. Real pro-
perty in 1880-81, £23,026. Pop. 2421.
The surface is low, and, with exception of
some slight rising grounds, all flat ; and the
soil is mostly rich alluvium and all arable.
Errol House, near Errol village, was
formerly the seat of the Earls of Errol.
A public school is at Glendoick.

ERSKINE, parish on south side of the
Clyde in Renfrewshire. It lies opposite
Dumbarton Castle, and contains the post-
office villages of Langbank and Bishopton,
and the hamlets of Blackstown and Easter
Rossland. Its length is 6f miles ; its
greatest breadth 3£ miles ; its area 7535
acres. Real property in 1880-81, £19,602.
Pop., quoad civilia, 1655; quoad sacra,
1073. The land adjacent to the Clyde
is flat and fertile; the ground behind
that makes considerable ascent ; and a
pleasant hill-ridge occupies most of the
western section. Erskine House, the seat
of Lord Blantyre, is a beautiful Tudor
edifice of 1828, and has, on an eminence
within its grounds, a lofty obeliskal monu-
ment of the eleventh Lord Blantyre.
Other seats are Dargavel, Rossland, and
Eastbank. Erskine ferry, on the Clyde,
serves for both pedestrians and carriages.
The churches are Established, Free, and
United Presbyterian. Three schools for
336 scholars are in the parish, and one
of them and class-rooms for 167 are
new.

ERV

172

ETI

ERVARY, hill, with fine view, in North
Knapdale parish, Argyleshire.

ERVIE, hamlet in Kirkcolm parish,
Wigtonshire.

ESHANESS, headland and skerry at
south-western extremity of Northmaven
parish, Shetland.

ESK, river of Dumfriesshire. It is
formed, at 7 miles north-west of Langholm,
by conflux of Black Esk and White Esk ;
it runs thence about 20 miles south-east-
ward and southward in Dumfriesshire, to
influx of the Liddel at boundary with
England; and it proceeds about 8 miles
curvingly through Cumberland to head of
Solway Firth.

ESK, river of Edinburghshire. It is
formed in Dalkeith Park by conflux of
North Esk and South Esk ; and it runs 3
miles thence northward to Firth of Forth
at Musselburgh.

ESK, small mountain lake, emitting a
head stream of South Esk river, on north-
west border of Forfarshire.

ESKADALE, seat and hamlet with
Roman Catholic chapel, near head of
Strathglass, Inverness-shire.

ESKBANK, suburb of Dalkeith, with
junction railway station, 8 miles south-
east of Edinburgh.

ESK (BLACK), small river of Dumfries-
shire. It runs about 15 miles tortuously
south-south-eastward, all within Eskdale-
muir and the Southern Highlands ; and
unites with the White Esk to form the Esk.

ESKBRIDGE, railway station near Peni-
cuick, Edinburghshire.

ESKDALE, the eastern and smallest of
the three districts of Dumfriesshire. It
includes all the Scottish portions of the
basin of the Esk, but is ill defined on the
south-west over the little basins of the
Sark and the Kirtle.

ESKDALEMUIR, parish in north-west of
Eskdale, Dumfriesshire. It has a post
office of its own name under Langholm ;
and it measures llf miles in length, 9 J
miles in greatest breadth, and 43,282 acres
in area. Real property in 1880-81, £11,249.
Pop. 543. The surface is nearly all moun-
tainous, heathy, and moorish; and it is
remarkable for two ancient Caledonian
stone circles, and for vestiges or remains
of numerous ancient camps. One of the
stone circles is entire, and one of the
camps occupies about 7 acres, and has been
the subject of much antiquarian discus-
sion. The churches are Established and
Free. There are 2 schools for 159 scholars,
and 1 of them for 60 is new.

ESKIN, head stream of the Findhorn,
in Inverness-shire.

ESK (NORTH), quoad sacra parish, with
church in Musselburgh, Edinburghshire.
Pop. 5389.

ESK (NORTH), river, running about 16
miles north-north-eastward to conflux with
South Esk in Dalkeith Park, Edinburgh-
shire.

ESK (NORTH), river, running about 28

miles south-eastward to the sea, at boundary
between Forfarshire and Kincardineshire.

ESK (SOUTH), river, running about 13
miles northward to conflux with North
Esk in Dalkeith Park, Edinburghshire.

ESK (SOUTH), river, running about 37
miles east-south-eastward and eastward to
the sea at Montrose, Forfarshire. Its last
reach first expands into large tidal lagoon
above Montrose, and then contracts into
deep rapid current from the lagoon to
the sea.

ESK VALLEY, branch railway, for min-
eral traffic, down the valley of the Esk,
Edinburghshire.

ESK (WHITE), river, running curvingly
about 15 miles southward to conflux with
Black Esk, Dumfriesshire.

ESLEMONT. See Esslemont.

ESLIE, farm, with ancient Caledonian
stone circle, in Banchory-Ternan parish,
Kincardineshire.

ESPEDAIR, burn in Abbey-Paisley par-
ish, Renfrewshire.

ESRAGAN, two streams, greater and
lesser, separated by Benvean and running
southward to Loch Etive, in Argyleshire.

ESSACHOSSAN, romantic glen adjacent
to Inverary, Argyleshire.

ESSCUNHAN, stream, with cascade, in
Kilmorie parish, Arran Island, Buteshire.

ESSENSIDE, lake in Ashkirk parish,
Roxburghshire.

ESSET, small affluent of the Don, in
Tullynessle parish, Aberdeenshire.

ESSIE, ancient parish, now part of
Rhynie, Aberdeenshire.

ESSIE, Forfarshire. See Eassie.

ESSIEMORE, cascade of about 100 feet,
in Auchinchew amphitheatre, Arran Is-
land, Buteshire.

ESSIL, ancient parish, now part of Spey-
mouth, Elginshire.

ESSLEMONT, railway station and seat,
If mile south of Ellon, Aberdeenshire.

ESWICK, headland, 12 miles north-by-
east of Lerwick, Shetland.

ETHIE, burn, with cascades and precipi-
tous banks, in Cromarty parish, Cromarty-
shire.

ETHIE CASTLE, seat of the Earl of

Northesk, 4^ miles north-north-east of
Arbroath, Forfarshire.

ETHIEHAVEN, small fishing village. If
mile north-east of Ethie Castle, Forfarshire.

ETIVE, river and sea -loch in Argyle-
shire. The river rises among alpine
heights around head of Glencoe ; runs
about 16 miles south-westward, along a
deep mountain glen, to the loch's head ;
and, in its progress, makes two fine
cascades. The loch goes first about 11
miles south-westward, then about 10 miles
westward, to head of Firth of Lorn ; is
flanked, in its upper part, by grand alpine
mountains, — in its lower part, by diversity
of hills, braes, and gentle slopes ; contracts,
at 5 miles from its mouth, into the strait
of Connel Ferry ; forms, between that
strait and its mouth a spacious bay ; and,

ETT

173

EYE

as a whole, from head to foot, looks like
a series of inland lakes.

ETTRICK, hamlet, parish, and river in
Selkirkshire. The hamlet lies on the
river, 18^ miles south-west of Selkirk,
and has a parochial church of 1824, a
Free Church station of 1880, a public
school with about 35 scholars, and a
burying-ground containing a monument
to Rev. Thomas Boston, and the grave of
the Ettrick Shepherd. — The parish mea-
sures about 11 miles by 10, and comprises
42,387 acres. Real property in 1880-81,
£12,199. Pop. 397. The surface is a
congeries of mountains and hills, inter-
sected by glens, cleughs, and a narrow
vale, and abounds in rich sheep pasture.
The seats are Thirlstane Castle, Cacrabank,
and Rodono ; and the antiquities are Thirl-
stane and Tushielaw towers, and vestiges
of Buccleuch church. — The river rises
adjacent to boundary with Dumfriesshire,
runs about 23 miles north-eastward to
influx of the Yarrow, and proceeds about
5 miles farther in same direction, past
Selkirk, to the Tweed, at 1^ mile from
Abbotsford.

ETTRICK, bay, nearly 2 miles long, on
west side of Bute Island, Buteshire.

ETTRICKBANK, seat on Ettrick river,
1| mile north-east of SeTkirk.

"ETTRICK-BRIDGE, village on Ettrick
river, 7 miles south-west of Selkirk. It
has a post office under Selkirk, and an inn.

ETTRICK FOREST, popularly Selkirk-
shire, but anciently including also tracts
now in Peeblesshire and Edinburghshire.
It once was literally a forest, swarming
with deer, and used as a hunting-ground
by the Scoto- Saxon kings ; but it lost
much of its wood in the times of Bruce
and Baliol, and was converted into sheep
walks in the time of James v.

ETTRICK PEN, mountain, 2269 feet
high, at source of Ettrick river, on south-
east verge of Selkirkshire.

ETTRIDGE-BRIDGE, place on lower part
of Truim rivulet, Inverness-shire.

EUCHAN, rivulet, running about 8i
miles north-eastward and eastward to the
Nith, at Sanquhar, Dumfriesshire.

EUCHAR, rivulet, issuing from Loch
Scammadale, and running about 4 miles,
partly along a romantic ravine, to the sea,
at Kilninver, Argyleshire.

EVAN, small river, running about 14
miles, chiefly down a deep glen, south-
south-eastward to the Annan, at 2 miles
south of Moffat, Dumfriesshire.

EVANTON, village, 7 miles north-north-
east of Dingwall, Ross-shire. It has a
post office, with money order and tele-
graph departments, designated of Ross-
shire, an inn, and a public school with
about 54 scholars. Pop. 43G.

EVELAW, old peel tower in Westruther
parish, Berwickshire.

EVELICK, ruined ancient castle and hill,
with remains of ancient fortification, in
Kilspindie parish, Perthshire.

EVELIX, rivulet, running about 13 miles,
chiefly south-eastward, to Dornoch Firth,
near Meikle Ferry, on south-east border
of Sutherland.

EVIE AND RENDALL, conjoint parish
in Orkney. It comprises the north-eastern
part of Pomona and the island of Gairsay ;
and it has a post office of Evie, with money
order department, and a post office of Ren-
dall, both designated of Orkney. Its length
is 10 miles ; and its greatest breadth, ex-
clusive of Gairsay, is 4| miles. Real
property in 1880-81, £4102. Pop. 1351.
A group of tame hills, nowhere higher
than about 400 feet, occupies the extreme
north, and terminates there in the bold
promontory of Costahead ; a range of
lower hills extends thence to the southern
boundary, and forms the larger portion of
the entire land ; and a gentle declivity,
from f to 1J mile broad, forms the sea-
board, and is under cultivation. Chief
residences are Burgar House and Rendall
Hall ; and chief antiquities are nine Picts'
houses. The churches are Established,
Free, and Congregational ; and there are
3 public schools with about 165 scholars.

EVIGAN, bay on west side of Stronsay,
Orkney.

EVORT. See Eport.

EWART, island in mouth of Loch Shiel,
Lewis, Outer Hebrides.

EWE, river, sea-loch, and island in west
of Ross-shire. The river runs west-north-
westward from Loch Maree to head of the
sea-loch at Poolewe, and is short, broad,
and rapid. The sea-loch extends about 7
miles north-by-westward to the Minch,
and has an extreme width of 3| miles.
The island lies near the middle of the sea-
loch, measures nearly 2 miles in length,
and is fertile and well cultivated. Pop. 43.

EWES, rivulet and parish in extreme
north-east of Dumfriesshire. The rivulet
rises among mountains at boundary with
Roxburghshire, and runs about 10 miles
southward to the Esk at Langholm. The
parish comprises the basin of the Ewes to
within If mile of Langholm, and the upper
part of the basin of the Tarras. Its
length is 8 miles ; its greatest breadth
6h miles ; its area 24,941 acres. Real
property in 1880-81, £6658. Pop. 337.
The surface consists of mountains and hills
intersected by two vales. The church
contains about 230 sittings, and the public
school is new, and can accommodate 60
scholars.

EWES, head-stream of the Luggate,
Edinburghshire.

EWESDALE, basin of Ewes rivulet, in
Dumfriesshire.

EWIESIDE, hill, with ancient Cale-
donian camp, in Cockburnspath parish,
Berwickshire.

EYE, small river, running about 11 miles
south-eastward and 3^ miles north-east-
ward to the sea at Eyemouth, Berwickshire.

EYE, lake and rivulet in north-east of
Ross-shire. The lake is in Fearn parish,

EYE

174

FAL

and measures about 2 miles in length ; and
the rivulet issues from it, forms a series of
smaller lakes, and enters Moray Firth near
Ballintore village.

EYE, in Lewis. See UlE.

EYEBROCHY, islet in Dirleton parish,
Haddingtonshire.

EYEMOUTH, town and parish on coast
of Berwickshire. The town stands at mouth
of Eye river, miles north-north-east of
Ayton railway station ; was a port in the
time of Alexander n., became notable in
after times for smuggling, and is now the
headquarters of a great fishery district ;
occupies low ground in a gap between two
headlands of a long reach of high rocky
coast ; and has a post office with all de-
partments under Ayton, 2 banking offices,
3 inns, a very fine natural harbour with
breakwater-pier, Established, Free, United
Presbyterian, Evangelical Union, and
Methodist churches, and 2 public schools
with accommodation for 600 scholars.
The Free church was erected in 1879 ;
the public schools in 1877. — The par-
ish excludes a small part of the town,
and comprises 1004 acres. Keal property
in 1880-81, £8698. Pop. 2935. The coast
is about 1% mile long, and has an average
height of about 80 feet. The headland on
north side of the town had anciently a fort
of historical note, and commands an ex-
tensive view. The soil of the interior is
arable and fertile.

EYLT, lake in Moydart district, Inver-
ness-shire.

EYNORT, sea-loch, 3 miles long, on east
side of South Uist, Outer Hebrides.

FAD, beautiful lake, of about 400 acres, 2
miles south-west of Rothesay, Bute Island.

FAD, lake, 3 miles north of Portree, Isle
of Skye.

FADA. See Ellan Fada.

FAIFLEY, manufacturing village near
Duntocher, Dumbartonshire. Pop. 187.

FAIL, burn and quondam ancient monas-
te